實用綜合教程2Unit8

1、Unit 8 Gender DifferenceObjective1. read a story about how men and women think differently;2. Learn some pairs of words showing gender differences;3. Get some idea of how men differ from women when shopping;4. Get some tips about the predictive clause in English;5. Learn how to respond to invitation

2、 cards or letters;Focuses1. Vocabulary in words and expressions of Text A and Text B.2. Comprehension of Text A and Text B.3. Grammar (The Relative Clause)4. Practical Writings: How to write an invitation letterOutline:1. Background Information; study of words and expressions in Text A; VocabularyCh

3、eck (Band C)2. Discussion of Text A and the follow-up exercises (A and B)3. Active Words and Vocabulary Check; Grammar Tips4. Discussion of Text B and the follow-up exercisesexercises5. Comprehensive Exercises (Ask the students to do the translationoutside of the class beforehand)6. Practical Writin

4、g文檔大全Procedures:Classroom ActivitiesI. Warm-up DiscussionQuestion: In what ways do men and women differ?Hint: Men differ women in numerous aspects, for instance(1)communication;(2)thinking; (3)shopping habit.GenderDifferencesMenWomenthinkingForm an opinion on factsForm an opinion based onpersonal em

5、otioncommunicationTend to be direct,Tend to be indirect,straightforward, focusing onjumping quickly from oneone topic for a long period oftopic to anothertimeShopping habitGo shopping when they needGo shopping when theysth, and decide on itwant to and in most casesimmediately with littlebuy nothingb

6、argainingII. Vocabulary in Text A考慮再三后，他決定不買那1. thoughtn. 念頭，想法；思想e.g. After much thought he decided not to buy the car.輛車。think v. 想，思考；認(rèn)為thoughtful adj 深思的；思考的；體貼的；關(guān)切的thoughtless adj. 考慮不周的；粗心大意的；不顧及他人的2. occur vi. 被想起，被想到；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)e.g: (1)An idea occurred to me. 我有主意了。(2)The disease occurs most frequ

7、ently in rural areas.這種疾病多見于農(nóng)村地區(qū)。Occurrence n. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生的事情e.g. The occurrence of this word is frequent. 這個詞出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。3. exactly adv. 準(zhǔn)確地，確切地；恰恰，正好e.g. That ' s exactly what I expected.那正是我所期望的。exact adj. 正確的；準(zhǔn)確的；精確地e.g. He ' s a very exact sholar. 他是一個一絲不茍的學(xué)者。4. brother vt. 煩擾，打擾e.g. I ' m

8、 sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station?對不起打擾一下，請問去車站怎么走？Phrase:bother one ' s head about 為焦慮或操心5. relationship n (感情上或肉體上的)關(guān)系；關(guān)聯(lián)，關(guān)系Synonym: relationn. ( 人或事物與他者的 ) 聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)，關(guān)系6. obligation n 法律或道義上的義務(wù)、責(zé)任Phrase: under the obligation to do.有義務(wù)做某事e.g. Adult children are und

9、er the obligation to provide for their parents.成年子女有義務(wù)贍養(yǎng)老人。Oblige vt. 約束，迫使，束縛Obligatory adj. 強制性的e.g.(1) The police obliged him to leave.警察強迫他離開。(2) Atttendance at tonight' s meeting is obligatory.今天晚上的會議不得缺席。7. head vi. 朝特定方向前進e.g. He head straight for the restaurant. 他徑直朝餐館走去。8. marriage n. 婚

10、姻關(guān)系，婚姻生活e.g. Eventually he proposed marriage to his beloved.最終他向他的心上人求婚。Marry vi&vt. 結(jié)婚e.g. (1)She married last year. 她去年結(jié)婚了。(2)I am going to marry John.我要嫁給約翰了。Married adj. 結(jié)婚的；已婚的Phrase: be (get) married to與某人結(jié)婚9. dealer n. 經(jīng)營者，商人，商販e.g. furniture dealer家具店deal n. 買賣，交易e.g. They finally closed

11、 the deal.他們最終達(dá)成了交易。10. meter n. 儀表(此處指顯示油量的表)An electricity meter電表A water meter 水表A gas meter 煤氣表11. oil n. 機油Crude oil 原油Phrase: burn the midnight oil挑燈夜戰(zhàn)；開夜車12. overdueadj. 逾期的，過期的e.g. The train is overdue. 火車晚點了。Antonym: due adj.到期的，應(yīng)付的e.g. The assignment is due next Monday.作業(yè)應(yīng)于下周一交。13. blame v

12、t 歸罪于，歸咎于；責(zé)備，責(zé)怪 n. (事故、過失等的)責(zé)任；責(zé)備e.g. (1)She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.她將婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。(2)Which driver was to blame for the accident?這次事故是哪個司機的責(zé)任？Phrase: lay the blame (for sth) on sb.把某事歸咎于某人14. guilty adj 內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過失的e.g. (1)He was found guilty of negligence. 他被判犯有玩忽職守罪。(2)He suffer

13、ed terribly from a guilty conscience.他遭受到良心的巨大譴責(zé)。Antonym: guiltlessadj 無辜的，無罪的Guilt n. 內(nèi)疚，負(fù)罪感；罪，犯罪e.g. His face showed guilt. 他面露歉意。15. train n. (一)連串， (一)系列；火車，列出v. 培養(yǎng)；訓(xùn)練e.g.(1) His telephone call interrupted my train of thought.他的電話打斷了我的思路。(2) The top star was followed by a train of admires.那位流行樂明

14、星身后跟著一大群歌迷。16. warranty n. (有關(guān)商品質(zhì)量的)保修單，保用單，保證書；承諾，擔(dān)保e.g. The machine is still under warranty.這臺機器仍在保修期內(nèi)。17.idealistic adj 理想化的，天真的ideal n. 理想 adj. 理想的，完美的e.g.(1)He finds it hard to live up to his ideals.他認(rèn)為很難達(dá)到自己的理想。(2)This dictionary is ideal-it' s exactly what I needed.這本字典太完美了，正是我所需要的。ideali

15、sm n. 理想主義(尤指不切實際的追求或信奉的理想)idealist n. 理想主義者；空想家；唯心論者18. knight n. 騎士knighthood n. 爵士或騎士的稱號和身份19. pain n. 痛苦；疼痛他尖刻的言語刺痛了她。Painful adj. 使痛苦的；疼痛的e.g. His wound was very painful.他的傷痛得要命。20. self-centered adj. 自我為中心的e.g. self-centered attitude 以自我為中心的態(tài)度21. fantasy n. 幻想，白日夢e.g. Stop looking for a perfec

16、t job-it' s just a fantasy.不要再去找完美的工作這完全是個幻想。Fantastic adj. 奇異的，幻想的；妙極的e.g. We had a fantastic trip to Europe.我們曾經(jīng)有過一次美妙的歐洲之旅。Phrase: make a fool of oneself/sb使自己 / 某人出丑別想騙我了，我知道你把我丟失的鑰匙藏了起來。Foolish adj. 愚蠢的，笨的e.g. I made a foolish decision. 我做了一個愚蠢的決定。23.gaze vi. 專注地看，凝視 n. 凝視，端詳我告訴她這一消息時她以懷疑的目

17、光注視著我。24.trust n. 信任，信賴 vt. 信任，相信，信賴e.g.(1)A happy marriage is based on mutual trust.美滿的婚姻建立在相互信任的基礎(chǔ)上。(2)I fully trust your ability.我充分相信你的能力。25.occur to (突然)想到我突然想起還有很多事情要做。26. push sb into -是某人處于某種狀態(tài)e.g. Long-time unemployment pushed him into absolute poverty. 長期失業(yè)使他陷入極度貧困。27. head toward / for朝前進

18、e.g. We ' re heading toward the goal we set.我們正朝既定目標(biāo)前進。28. lost in thought陷入沉思e.g. She was lost in thought and didnt notice me come in.她在沉思中，未發(fā)現(xiàn)我進門。29. think of 想到e.g. I did think of resigning, but I decided not to.我確實想過辭職，但后來放棄了這一念頭。30. find out （經(jīng)研究或詢問）獲知（某事物）e.g. Can you find out what time th

19、e train leaves?你能查出火車什么時候開嗎？31. had better not do sth最好不要做某事e.g. You ' d better not lie to me.32. blame -on 將某事歸咎于你最好不要對我撒謊。e.g. He blamed the mistakes he made on his carelessness.他將自己所犯的錯誤歸咎于粗心。33. train of thought 思路，思緒e.g. He lost his train of thought when the doorbell rang.門鈴響起，打斷了他的思路。34. i

20、n pain 處于痛苦狀態(tài)e.g. He ' s been in pain since he learned the shocking news.自從聽到這一噩耗，他一直異常悲痛。35. gaze deeply into one' s eyes 凝視某人的眼睛e.g. He enjoys gazing deeply into her eyes, speechless.他喜歡一言不發(fā)凝視她的雙眸。36. form an opinion 形成觀點37. have trouble doing sth.做某事有困難e.g. She has trouble dealing with st

21、rangers. 她不太擅長與陌生人打交道。III. Language Points in Text A1. that we ' ve been seeing each other for exactly six months.have been doing: a present perfect progressive tense indicating that a past actioncontinues into the present and even the future.e.g. What a day! It has been raining heavily for a wh

22、ole week. 天氣太糟糕了！雨下了整整一個禮拜了。2. Elaine began to wonder if it bothered him that she said that:Elaine wanted toknow if what she had said just now made him feel uncomfortable.It borthered him that she had said that:an object clausewonder : want to knowe.g. I was wondering whether or not/ if he' ll t

23、urn up in the meeting this afternoon.我想知道今天下午的會議他是否出席。it bothered him that she said that: Here ”if” seves as a formal subject while thereal subject is “ that she said that ” .3. Maybe his feeling is that I m trying to push him into some kind of obligation: Maybe he feels that I ' m urging him to

24、 marry me so that he will assume more marital responsibility.that I m trying to push him into some kind of obligation:a predicative clause e.g.(1)What they strongly believes is that guys spend a certain amount of timethinking about the relationship.她們深信男人們應(yīng)該花一點時間考慮一下男女之間的關(guān)系。(2)The problem is that he

25、 refuses to admit his mistake.問題是他拒絕承認(rèn)自己的錯誤。4.It was a day in February when we started going out-:When we started going out: This is an attributive clause and “ when ” can be replaced by “ on which. ”e.g. The days when people suffered a great deal from malnutrition are gone, neverto return.人們遭受營養(yǎng)不良之

26、苦的年代一去不復(fù)返了。5. Silence filled the car:Everybody in the car was silent.e.g. (1) The car filled with silence.車?yán)镆黄澎o。(2)His family is full of joy and happiness.他的家庭洋溢著幸福和快樂。6.They 'll probably say it 's only a 90-day warranty:They 'll probably explain thatthe transmission is under warranty f

27、or 90 days.7.I ' m sitting next to a very good person who ' s in pain because of my self-centered, school-girl fantasy:I' m sitting next to a very good person whofeels bad because of my own selfish and unrealistic ideas about romance.“ because of ” can only be followed by a noun or a nou

28、n phrase while“ because ”can be followed by an adverbial clause indicating a reason.e.g.(1) He walked slowly because of a severely injured leg.因為腿部嚴(yán)重受傷，他走路速度很慢。(2) He walked slowly because one of his legs was severely injured. 因為腿部嚴(yán)重受傷，他走路速度很慢。8.Elaine gazed deeply into his eyes, causing him to beco

29、me very nervous: Elaine looked deeply into his eyes, which made him feel nervous.causing him to become very nervous: a participle clause indicating the accompanying circumstance9.Roger has a guy brain, which is not comfortable with such concepts as love,need and trust: As a man, Roger ' s way of

30、 thinking is different from that of awoman. He feels awkward when expressing such feeling as love, need and trust.10.If the guy brain has to form an opinion about another person, it perfers tobase it on facts:e.g. (1)He based his opninion on facts.他的觀點以事實為依據(jù)。(2)His opninion is based on facts. 他的觀點以事

31、實為依據(jù)。IV. Focus on Grammar英語表語從句 (The predicative clause in English)當(dāng)句子的表語是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(即一個分句) 時，這個分句就被稱為表語從句。表語從句一 般由 that,what, who, when, where, whether, why, how等引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)系動詞 be 等的表語。e.g. The answer is simply that they aren' t interested in doing it.答案很簡單，他們對做這件事沒有興趣。The focus of public attention is wh

32、o will most likely become U.S president in the next four years. 公眾關(guān)注的焦點是誰將最有可能在四年后成為下屆美國總統(tǒng)。This is exactly where the differences between their characters become the most striking.這就是他們性格差異最明顯的地方。The major headache is how she can efficiently balance the relation between her beloved career and family

33、responsibility. 她感到頭痛的是如何有效地處理她所熱愛的事業(yè)與家庭責(zé)任之間的關(guān)系。 注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的系動詞 be 一般為單數(shù)形式，視時態(tài)情況決定是用 is 還是用 was 。V. Vocabulary & Language Points in Text B1. settle v 決定，解決；安頓，安居e.g. We had settled on a date to leave.我們已經(jīng)確定了離開的日期。Phrase: settle a dispute解決爭端e.g. He eventually realized his dream by settling down i

34、n a bustling city. 最終他在大城市立足，實現(xiàn)了他的夢想。Settlement n. 解決；處理；決定；和解2. advancen. 前進，進展，進步 vi. 前進，進展，進步e.g.(1) the continued advance of civilization文明的不斷進步(2) advance one step向前挪一步Phrase: in advance 預(yù)先；提前；事先 租金須預(yù)付。advanced adj. 先進的e.g. advanced ideas 先進的思想3.objective n. 目標(biāo)，目的 adj. 客觀的，不受個人情感或意見影響的；無偏見的e.g.

35、 (1) Her objective was international fame as a scientist.她的目標(biāo)是成為享譽國際的科學(xué)家。(2)an objective report/ account/assessment客觀的報道 /敘述 /評估4. secondary adj. 第二位的，次要的e.g. Such considerations are secondary to our main aim if improving efficiency. 對于我們提高效率的主要目的來說，這些想法都是次要的。5. consideration n 需要考慮的事；考慮；顧及e.g. Seve

36、ral considerations have influenced my decision.好幾個考慮因素影響了我的決定。Phrase (1) under consideration 在考慮之中e.g. The proposals are still under consideration.那些提議仍在審議中。(2) take sth in to consideration 將某事考慮在內(nèi)e.g. I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car. 我買汽車時總要把燃油消耗量考慮在內(nèi)。6. simply a

37、dv. 僅僅；簡單地，簡明地e.g.(1)I bought the house simply because it was large. 就是因為這房子大我才把它買 下來。(2)He ' s always simply dressed.他的穿著總是很樸素。7. stock n. 庫存Phrase: (1) in stock 有現(xiàn)貨的(2)out of stock 沒有現(xiàn)貨的該書已經(jīng)脫銷了。8. satisfaction n . 滿意，滿足e.g. (1)She looks back on her past experiences with great satisfaction. 她回顧

38、自己的經(jīng)歷覺得心滿意足。(2)She spent a whole day shopping to her satisfaction.她足足購物一整天，這讓她很盡興。satisfactory adj 讓人感到滿足的e.g. The result of the experiment was satisfactory. 實驗結(jié)果令人滿意。Satisfy vt. 使感到滿意或滿足e.g. Nothing satisfies him; he s alwasys complaining.他對什么都不滿意， 總是抱怨。9. imply vt. 暗示，隱含他沉默不語意味著同意了。implication n.

39、含義10. skillfully adv 巧妙地Skillful adj 有技巧的；熟練地技巧嫻熟的畫家 / 技術(shù)熟練的司機 / 技藝高超的表 演者skill n. 技能；技藝；技巧11. style n. 款式，樣式；風(fēng)格e.g.(1)language style語言風(fēng)格(2)hairstyle 發(fā)型(3) architectural style建筑風(fēng)格(4) a typically British style of liviing典型的英國生活方式Phrase: (1) in style 時尚的，流行的(2) out of style 過時12. mention vt. 提及，說起 n.

40、提及e.g.(1)He didn ' t mention anything about what happened last night. 關(guān)于昨天晚上發(fā)生的一切他只字未提。(2)Little was mentioned about her literary works.關(guān)于她的文學(xué)作品幾乎只字未提。Phrase: not to mention更不用說；更不必說e.g. He has a big house and an expensive car, not to mention a villa in France. 他有一所大房子和一輛昂貴的汽車，且不說在法國還有一處別墅了。13.

41、oppositeadj. 相反的；對面的e.g.(1)Finally they chose to travel in opposite directions. 最終他們決定朝相反的方向各自旅行。(2)The person sitting opposite me is a complete stranger. 我壓根不認(rèn)識坐在我對面的那個人。14. persuasionn. 說服，勸說e.g. After a lot of persuasion, he agreed to come.好說歹說，他才同意來。persuade vt. 說服或勸說某人做某事怎么才能說服他參加我們的活動呢？15. com

42、panionn. 同伴，伙伴狗是人類忠實的伙伴。companionship 友誼；朋友或伴侶的關(guān)系16. contraryadj. 相反的e.g. The results were contrary to expectation. 結(jié)果與預(yù)期的相反。Phrase: on the contrary 與此相反；正相反e.g. It doesn ' t seem ugly to me ; on the contrary , I think it' s fairly beautiful.在我看來它并不難看。相反，我認(rèn)為它很美。17. excellent adj. 優(yōu)秀的，極好的e.g.

43、 She speaks excellent English. 她的英語說得非常漂亮。Excellence n. 優(yōu)秀；卓越；優(yōu)點；長處18. lookoutn 密切注意；守望，監(jiān)視Phrase: be on the lookout for sb./sth監(jiān)視，注意e.g. Scientists are on the lookout for the manned space mission heading into space right now.科學(xué)家們正密切注意剛剛發(fā)射的載人航天飛機。19. bargain n. 便宜貨；討價還價v.討價還價wagee.g.(1)The bargain th

44、ey reached with their employers was to reduce their claim in return for a shorter working week.他們與雇主談判的結(jié)果是他們在工資方面降低要求，但每周工時要縮短。(2)Dealers bargain with growers over the price of coffee. 收購商和種植者就咖啡的價格進行商洽。20. enjouableadj 令人愉快的他們在一起度過了一個愉快的周末。enjoyment n. 愉快；快樂；樂趣；滿意e.g. He spoiled my enjoyment of the

45、 film by talking all the time.他一直說話，影響了我看電影的興致。21. in that case 在那種情況下；如果是那樣的話' t like the job. In that case, why don' t you leave?你不喜歡這份工作。既然這樣為什么不辭職呢？22. as the name implies顧名思義顧名思義，消防隊員的任務(wù)就是將人們從火宅中救出來。23. in the opposite way以相反的方式他以相反的方式解決了同樣的問題。24. make up one ' s mind 打定主意e.g. He ma

46、de up his mind to leave for New York and try his fortune there. 他打定主意去紐約試試他的運氣。25. to and fro來回地，往復(fù)地e.g. He made journeys to and fro between London and Paris.他經(jīng)常往返于倫敦與巴黎之間。Language Points1. Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman : Shopping for clothes is a dif

47、ferent experience for a man from that for awoman.not the same as : different fromHe has a clear idea about what2. His purpose is settled and decided in advance: to buy beforehand.3. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration:to find it

48、and buy it: an infinitive that serves as the predicativethe price is a secondary consideration: Compared with his purpose of shoppingfor what he wants, the price is less important.He immediately tries it on.4. and the business of trying it on follows at once: business : matter, affaire.g. Your task

49、is to finish the report. The business of polishing it is left to the editor. 你的任務(wù)就是寫完這篇報道，至于修改和潤色，那是編輯的事情。Try on : to put on(clothing, etc) to see it fits and how it looks.5. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone' s

50、 satisfaction:If everything goes smoothly, the deal can be and oftern it completed in less than five minutes. During the process, the man seldom speaks to the salesperson and both parties feel satisfied.All being well : a nominative absolute structure, meaning “ if everything goes smoothly ”e.g. All

51、 being well, he will get permission soon to leave China and play in the NBA.如果一切順利，他將很快離開中國去美國打美國職業(yè)籃球聯(lián)賽。But would you like to try it to see whether or not it suits you? By chance it is exactlythe color you mentioned.Happen to do sth: have (the good or bad) fortune; do sth by chance.我打電話時他碰巧出去了。7. No

52、w how does a woman go about buying clothes?:Now how does a woman buy clothes?Go about : do , conduct8. Her shopping is not often based on need:A woman often buys things she doesnot need.9.She is always open to persuade:She can be easily persuaded to buy something.Open to sth : willing to receive sth

53、.e.g. The suggestion is open to discussion.這個建議可供討論。10. She will try on any number of things:She will try on as many clothes as shelikes.11.In her mind is the thought of finding something that evryone thinks suitsher : This sentence is in inverted order to balance the sentence, and the normal order goes like this:“ The thought of finding something that e