中考英語常見動詞短語及練習(xí)

1、中考英語常見動詞短語及練習(xí)1. break 相關(guān)短語break down 出故障，壞了My car broke down on the way home.在 回家的路上，我的車出故障了。break out 爆發(fā)A big fire broke out last night. 昨晚發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。break into 闖入，破門而入Someone broke into the room and stole a lot of things有. 人闖進(jìn)了這個房間，偷了很多東西。 break up 打碎，分手Break up the chocolate and melt it.把 巧克力打碎然后融化。Th

2、ey broke up. 他們分手了。2. call相關(guān)短語call up 打電話Don't call me up at night. 不要在晚上給我打電話。call out 大喊The boy is calling out in the room. 那個男孩正在房間里大喊。call on 拜訪某人We call on our relatives and friends during the Spring Festival.春 節(jié)期間我們會走親訪友。call at 拜訪某地They called at Mr. Brown's office last week. 上周他們?nèi)グ菰L了

3、布朗先生的辦公室。call for 要求This job calls for great patience. 這份工作要求足夠的耐心。call off 取消They have to call off the flight because of the fog.由 于大霧，他們不得不取消本次航班。 相關(guān)短語 n下跌，落，降，傳下來一些鳥從樹上落下來揀谷物吃。n進(jìn)來請進(jìn)！t出版，開花 當(dāng)春天到來的時候，許多花都開了。My father 's novel came out last month.我 爸爸的小說上個月出版了。 過來，快點 過來！我的孩子，我要給你一些好吃的東西。g一道來，趕快

4、你可以隨同我一起去參加他的晚會。r 走過來 我們經(jīng)常在散步的時候順便拜訪朋友。p走近The cat came up and caught the mouse這. 只貓走了過來，抓住了那只老鼠。k回來你什么時候回來？m來自 他們倆都來自日本。提出 是誰想出這個好辦法的？蘇醒The boy came to himself after the docto'rs hard work.實現(xiàn)The Chinese hundred year's中國人民百年奧運夢想最后終于實現(xiàn)了。 發(fā)生這是怎么回事？ 偶遇，碰到I came across my teacher in the street在.

5、街上我偶遇了我的老師。4. cut相關(guān)短語cut down 砍倒The farmers cut down a lot of trees every year農(nóng). 民每年砍伐很多樹。cut off 切斷He cut off the electricity and left home. 他切斷電源，離開了家。 cut up 切碎She cut up the carrots and put them in the pot她. 把胡蘿卜切碎放入鍋中。5. die相關(guān)短語die of死于（內(nèi)部原因如：疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感）A lot of people died of hunger every day

6、. 每天都有很多人死于饑餓。die from 死于（外界原因）He died from a traffic accident. 他死于一場交通事故。die out 絕種Dinosaurs died out long long ago.恐 龍很久之前就滅絕了。die away 減弱，消退The fire dies away. 大火漸漸減弱了。6. fall 相關(guān)短語fall behind 落后You will fall behind if you miss a lot of lessons. 如果你落下許多功課的話，你就會落在你的同班同學(xué)的后面。 fall down 掉下，跌倒The baby

7、falls down when she runs to her mother這. 個嬰兒朝媽媽跑去時跌倒了。 fall into 落入，陷入The boys fell into the river to cool themselves.孩 子們跳進(jìn)河里涼爽涼爽。fall off 從 .掉下My brother falls off a big tree. 我的弟弟從一棵大樹上掉下來。fall asleep 入睡，睡覺We all fell asleep quickly after working for a long time. 工作了很長一段時間后我們很快就入睡了7. go相關(guān)短語go alo

8、ng沿著 走Go along the street and you will find the post office. 沿著這條街走，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局了。 go through 通過，瀏覽The train has to go through many tunnels這. 趟火車要過很多隧道。He is going through today's newspaper.他 正在瀏覽今天的報紙。 go over復(fù)習(xí)，檢查You must go over all your lesson before the exam. 考試前你一定要把所有的功課復(fù)習(xí)一遍。 go up上升，上漲The pri

9、ce of pork is going up. 豬肉的價格還在上漲。go down 下落，下跌The price of oil will go down. 油價要跌了。 go against違反The students can't go against the school rules.學(xué) 生不能違反校規(guī)。go on (with) 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行Go on with your homework. 繼續(xù)做作業(yè)。go out外出，熄滅The fire goes out finally. 火最終熄滅了。go bad 變質(zhì)The milk will go bad if we don 't p

10、ut it in the fridge. 牛奶會變質(zhì)，如果我們不把它放在冰箱里。 go ahead 好吧- Can I use your car? 我可以用下你的車嗎？- Go ahead. 好吧。8. get相關(guān)短語get down下來The price of the house will get down next year.房 子的價格明年會下來的。get away 離開，逃跑She didn't get away until nine last night. 直到晚上九點她才離開。get on進(jìn)展，上車We saw him get on the bus just now.我 們

11、剛才看到他上車了。get off 下車Don'tget off until the bus has stopped. 車停穩(wěn)再下車。get over 克服They got over a lot of difficulties and finally succeeded. 他們克服了很多苦難，最終成功了。get along/on with 進(jìn)展，相處We get on well with the people there when we work in that village. 當(dāng)我們在那個村莊工作的時候，我們與那里的人相處很融洽。get up起床When do you usually

12、 get up in the morning?你 通常在早上什么時候起床？get back取回，收回Please buy some bananas for me when you get back. 當(dāng)你回來的時候，請給我買一些香蕉。get out 出去The children got out of the room. 孩子們從這個房間出去了。get to 到達(dá)Please give me a call when you get to Beijing.當(dāng) 你到達(dá)北京的時候請給我打個電話。get married 結(jié)婚My sister got married last month. 我的姐姐上個

13、月結(jié)婚了。get ready for 為 做準(zhǔn)備我們正在為即將到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備。get / be tired of 對 感到厭倦The children get tired of reading the book.孩 子們厭倦了讀這本書。get in touch with 取得聯(lián)系He is trying to get in touch with her. 他一直試圖和她取得聯(lián)系。9. give相關(guān)短語give away贈送，泄露The teachers give away their money to the poor student老s.師們把錢捐給那些貧窮的學(xué)生。Don't gi

14、ve away the secret.不 要泄露秘密。give out 發(fā)出，分發(fā)The teacher is giving out the papers老. 師正在發(fā)試卷。give in (to sb.) 屈服The soldiers will not give in to the enemy. 士兵們不會像敵人屈服的。give up放棄，讓（座位）My father has already given up smoking.我 的父親已經(jīng)放棄吸煙了。 give off 散發(fā)、發(fā)出The sun gives off light and heat.10. hand相關(guān)短語hand in 交上，

15、提交Hand in your homework, please.請 把作業(yè)交上來。 hand out 分發(fā)She is handing out birthday cakes.他 正在分發(fā)生日蛋糕。11. hold 相關(guān)短語hold on to 繼續(xù)，堅持He held on to the rope and climbed up.他 抓住繩子，然后爬了上來。 hold up 舉起，使停頓Hold up your hands. 舉起手來。The traffic is held up. 堵 hold on 別掛電話Hold on please. 別掛斷，稍等。hold off 掛斷She held

16、off the telephone.他 生氣地掛斷了電話。hold back 阻止，退縮She tried to hold back tears.他 強忍著眼淚。We shouldn't hold back before difficulties. 在困難面前，我們不應(yīng)該退縮。12. keep 相關(guān)短語keep up with 跟上Hurry up, or you can't keep up with them. 快點，否則你跟不上他們的。 keep in touch with 保持聯(lián)系Friends should keep in touch with each other.

17、keep out 不使 .進(jìn)入Keep the dog out.不 要讓狗進(jìn)來。keep off 遠(yuǎn)離Keep off the grass! 請勿踐踏草坪。 keep away from 避開，不接近Keep away from the tiger; it is dangerous. keep on繼續(xù)，堅持下來He kept on reading English after breakfast.早 飯后，他繼續(xù)讀英語。13. knock 相關(guān)短語knock at/on 敲Knock on the door before entering.進(jìn) 門前，請敲門。knock into 撞到某人身上H

18、e knocked a young woman in the street在. 路上，他撞到了一個年輕女士。 knock down 撞倒A car knocked him down. 一輛車把他撞倒了。 knock over 打翻The baby knocked over the bowl.嬰 兒打翻了碗。14. look 相關(guān)短語太陽發(fā)出光和熱。車了朋友應(yīng)當(dāng)互相聯(lián)系遠(yuǎn)離老虎，很危險look up 查找，向上看We looked up and saw a beautiful bird in the tree. 我們抬起頭在樹上看到一只漂亮的小鳥。 He often looks up some

19、information on the internet他. 經(jīng)常在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上查一些信息。look through 翻閱，瀏覽She is looking through the magazines.她 正在瀏覽雜志。look after 照顧My mother is looking after the baby now. 我的媽媽在照看這個嬰兒。look at 看Please look at the blackboard and read after me請. 仔細(xì)看黑板并跟我讀。look like 看起來像The baby looks like her mother very much.這 個

20、嬰兒非常長得像他的媽媽。look for 尋找What are you looking for in my room? 你在我的房間里尋找什么？ look out (for) 當(dāng)心Look out! The car nearly hit you just now. 當(dāng)心！剛才那輛車差點撞著你。look out (of) 向外看He looked out of the window and found a man in the garden. 他向窗外看，發(fā)現(xiàn)花園里有個人。look about/around/round 環(huán)顧四周He looked around but found nothing

21、.他 環(huán)顧四周，什么都沒發(fā)現(xiàn)。look forward to 盼望Everybody in my class is looking forward to watching the football match. 我們班每個人都期待著觀看那場比賽。look over 仔細(xì)檢查 The doctor looked over the baby and found nothing wrong with him. 醫(yī)生給這個嬰兒作了仔細(xì)檢查但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么問題。15. make相關(guān)短語make up 編造，打扮The man likes making up stories.這 個男的喜歡編故事。The l

22、ady makes up her face every morning這. 個女的每天早上都化妝。make it 成功You will make it sooner or later. 你遲早會成功的。be made of 由 制成(看得出原材料)This bridge is made of stones and wood.be made from 由 制成(看不出原材料)This kind of paper is made from the grass.be made in 在 地方制造The red cars are made in Shanghai.這些紅色的小汽車是上海生產(chǎn)的。make

23、 room for 給 騰出地方 Can you make room for your mother?你 能給你的媽媽騰個地方嗎？ But there is no room here.但 這里沒有地方了。make up one 's mind 下決心They make up their mind to help the poor boy.他 們下決心幫助那個貧窮的男孩。make fun of 拿 .開玩笑Don't make fun of the poor boy. 不要取笑那個可憐的孩子。make friends with 交朋友He likes making friends

24、 with others. 他喜歡和別人交朋友。16. try 相關(guān)短語try on 試穿She tried on that pair of shoes but they were a little bigger她. 試穿了那雙鞋，但是有點大了。try one's best 盡力The doctors are trying their best to save the young man醫(yī). 生們正在盡力地挽救那個年輕人。17. pay相關(guān)短語pay back 還錢I will pay back the money on time. 我會按時還錢的。pay for 付錢Who will

25、 pay for the dinner? 這頓飯誰買單？pay off 償還Pay off the money you borrowed from. 償還你借我的錢。pay up 全部還清He paid up all the debt in the end.最 終，他還清了所有的債務(wù)。18. pick 相關(guān)短語pick up 拾起，接人Pick up the books on the floor. 撿起地上的書。My father will pick me up after school. 放學(xué)后，爸爸會來接我的。pick out 挑選出She is picking the beans out

26、 in the rice他. 把米里的大豆撿了出來。19. put 相關(guān)短語put up 張貼，舉起The boy put up his hand and asked some question那s. 個男孩舉起手問了一些問題。Could you put up the picture? 你把這幅畫貼上好嗎？put out 撲滅The firemen came and put out the fire.消 防員來把火撲滅了。put off 推遲The meeting will be put off because of the weather.會 議因為天氣將被推遲。put away 放好Jim

27、, put away your books. 吉姆，把你的書收起來。put down 記下，放下He put down his pen and began to listen to the teache他r. 放下鋼筆開始聽老師講課。Put down my telephone number please請. 記下我的電話號碼。put on 穿戴，上映My father put on his coat and went out.我 的爸爸穿上他的大衣就出去了。A new play will be put on next week. 下周將上映一部新片。put back 放回Please put

28、the books back when you finish them書. 讀完后，請放回去。20. do相關(guān)短語doone'sbest 盡最大努力You must do your best to learn English well. 你應(yīng)該盡你最大努力學(xué)習(xí)好英語。 do well in 在 干得好My brother does better in playing soccer than Tom. 我的弟弟足球比湯姆踢得好。 do someone a favor幫某人忙Can you do me a favor?你 能幫我個忙嗎？do with 處置 , 處理What do you

29、often do with the waste paper?你 們經(jīng)常怎樣處理廢紙？21. run 相關(guān)短語run after 追逐She is running after the school bus.她 正在追趕校車。run away/off 逃跑The boy broke the window and ran away.這 個男孩打破了窗戶，跑掉了。run out (of) 用完My money is running out. 我的錢快用完了。We ran out of coal and had to burn wood.我 們用完了煤，只好燒木柴了。22. set相關(guān)短語set up建

30、立Our school will set up a new library next year. 明年我們學(xué)校將會建一個新的圖書館。 set off/out 出發(fā)They set out for Beijing early in the morning. 他們一大早就出發(fā)去北京了。23. take相關(guān)短語take out 取出Please take out a piece of paper請. 取出一張紙。He took a book out of his bag.他 從包里拿出一本書。take after 與 相像The boy takes after his father.這 個男孩長得像

31、他爸爸。take off 脫掉，起飛My mother took off her coat and began to cook.我 媽媽脫掉他的大衣開始做飯。When will the plane take off? 飛機什么時候起飛？take away 拿走Take away your books.把 你的書拿走。take up 占用（時間空間）Study takes up most of my time.學(xué) 習(xí)占用了我大部分時間。 take down 記錄，取下He takes down the book from the shelf.他 把書從書架上拿了下來。The students a

32、re taking down what the teachers said學(xué). 生們正在記老師說的東西。 take back 收回，帶回I will take back the money he borrowed me.我 會拿回他欠我的錢。 take care of 照顧The little girl always takes good care of her sick mother.這 個小女孩總是細(xì)心照顧有病的媽媽。 take part in 參加（活動）Who will take part in the speech contest in your class?你 們班誰將參加講演比賽

33、？24. think 相關(guān)短語think of 想起，認(rèn)為，對 看法What do you think of my article? 你認(rèn)為我的文章怎么樣？think out/up 想出He thought out the way to solve the problem.他 想出了解決這個問題的辦法。 think about 考慮They are thinking about their work. 他們正在考慮他們的工作。think over 仔細(xì)考慮Please think it over and tell me your decision.請 認(rèn)真考慮一下，告訴我你的決定。25. tu

34、rn 相關(guān)短語turn on 打開Please turn on the TV. I want to watch the football match.請 打開電視，我想看足球賽。 turn off 關(guān)掉He turned off the lights and went to bed.他 關(guān)上燈上床睡覺了。turn to sb. for help 向某人求助We can turn to help for our teachers when we have problems. 當(dāng)我們遇到問題的時候，我們可以向老師求助。 turn down 音量調(diào)低Please turn down the TV.

35、I am doing my homework.我 正在做作業(yè)，請把電視機的聲音調(diào)低。 turn up 音量調(diào)大Turn up the radio a little. I can't hear it clearly. 把錄音機聲音調(diào)大點，我聽不清楚。 turn round/around 轉(zhuǎn)過身來She turned around and said hello to me她. 轉(zhuǎn)過身來向我問好。26. care 相關(guān)短語 care about 擔(dān)心，在乎 Who cares about it?誰 在乎啊？ care for 關(guān)心，關(guān)懷She is caring for her sick m

36、other in the hospital.她 正在醫(yī)院里照顧她生病的媽媽。27. clean相關(guān)短語clean up 把 打掃干凈，把 收拾整齊After school, the students will clean up the classroom放. 學(xué)后，學(xué)生們會打掃教室。 clean out 清除Clean out the rubbish in the house清. 除房子里的垃圾。28. learn 相關(guān)短語 learn about 獲悉，得知，了解 He learn a lot about the history of America. 他對美國歷史了解很多。learn fr

37、om 從/向 .學(xué)習(xí)We should learn from Lei Feng. 我們應(yīng)該向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)。29. fight 相關(guān)短語fight for 爭取獲得 所有的參賽選手都力爭獲得冠軍。fight with/against 與 .搏斗/戰(zhàn)斗The children are fighting with each other. 孩子們在互相斗毆。30. dream 相關(guān)短語dream of/about 夢想，夢到She dreamt of having a big house她. 夢想擁有一個大房子。31. work 相關(guān)短語work for 為.工作Now, he is working fo

38、r a bank. 現(xiàn)在他在一家銀行工作。work out 解決，算出Who can work out the Maths problem? 誰可以解決這個數(shù)學(xué)問題呢？work on 致力于，繼續(xù)工作The scientists are working on finding a new cure for cancer. 科學(xué)家們正在致力于發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥的新藥方。He worked on after returning home. 回到家后，他繼續(xù)工作了。at work 在工作He was still work at eleven o'clock last night. 昨天晚上十一點鐘的時候

39、，他還在工作。 work as 擔(dān)任He works as a worker in the factory.他 是這個工廠的一名工人。32. argue 相關(guān)短語argue with 與 .爭論Don't argue with me. 不要和我爭論。argue about 爭論They are arguing about how to get there他. 們正在討論如何去哪里。33. talk 相關(guān)短語talk about 談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)某事They were talking about their plan when I got there.當(dāng) 我到達(dá)那里時，他們在談?wù)撍麄兊挠媱潯?t

40、alk with/ to 和某人交談Who will talk with me? 誰將和我交談？34. hear 相關(guān)短語hear of 聽說，得知I heard of the news from my sister.從 我姐姐那里，我聽說了這個消息。 hear about 聽到有關(guān) .的事I heard about the new neighbor.我 聽說了有關(guān)那個新鄰居的一些事情。 hear from 接到 .的信I didn 't hear from my parents for a long time. 我很久沒收到父母的來信了。35. talk 相關(guān)短語talk about

41、 討論某事The foreigners like talking about the weather.外 國人喜歡討論天氣。talk with/to 和某人討論She is talking with her friends. 她正在和朋友聊天。36. live相關(guān)短語live in 住在They lived in Canada. 他們住在加拿大。live on/by 以 .為主食The people in the south live on rice.南 方人以米為生。37. stand相關(guān)短語 stand out 突顯，引人注目 He stands out from the crowd.他

42、從人群中站了出來。 stand up 起立，站起來He stands up and answers the teach'esr question. 他站起來回答老師的問題。38. agree相關(guān)短語agree with 同意（某人）I don't agree with you much. 我不是很同意你所說的。 agree to 同意（某事）They agreed to my plan. 他們同意了我的計劃。 agree on 在某事上達(dá)成一致意見They finally agreed on the theme of the meeting.他 們最終在會議主題上達(dá)成了一致意見

43、。39. show相關(guān)短語show around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀Can you show me around the school?你 可以帶領(lǐng)我參觀學(xué)校嗎？ show up 出現(xiàn)，露面He didn't show up until the end of the meeting.直 到會議結(jié)束的時候，他才出現(xiàn)。 show off 炫耀He likes showing off everything he has. 他喜歡炫耀他擁有的每一樣?xùn)|西。40. 其它常用詞組 wake up 醒，喚醒 He wakes up at seven every night.他 每天晚上七點起床。 Pleas

44、e wake me up early.請 早點把我喊醒。 stay up 熬夜He often stays up for his homework.他 經(jīng)常熬夜寫作業(yè)。 depend on依靠；取決于Children shouldn't depend much on their parents孩. 子們不應(yīng)該太依賴父母。The outing depends on the weather出. 行取決于天氣。 worry about 為 .擔(dān)憂Don't worry about me. I am all right. 不用擔(dān)心我，我沒事。 laugh at 嘲笑It 's

45、impolite to laugh at others.嘲 笑別人是不禮貌的。 grow up 成長The mother hopes her son can grow up soon媽. 媽希望兒子快點子長大。 throw away 丟棄Throw away the waste paper.把 廢紙扔掉。ask for 要求She asks for a hamburger and an ice cream她. 要了一個漢堡和一個冰淇淋。 wait for 等待They are waiting for the last bus. 他們在等最后一班公交車。find out （經(jīng)研究或詢問）獲知某事

46、The researchers found out that there is no relationship between these two phenomenon. 科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個現(xiàn)象之間沒有聯(lián)系。send out 發(fā)出，放出They didn't send out any signal.他 們沒有發(fā)出任何信號。 search for 搜索，搜查Animals are searching for food in the mountain.動 物正在大山里搜尋食物。 belong to 屬于The umbrellas belongs to him. 這把傘是他的。 arrive

47、 in/at 到達(dá)They arrived at the airport on time. 他們按時到達(dá)了機場。 leave for 離開前往They will leave for Nanjing tomorrow. 他們明天將去南京。 sell out 賣完，售完The shopkeeper sold out the shoes and then closed the sho店p.主 賣完所有的鞋，然后把店關(guān)了。 cheer up 取悅，使開心No one can cheer her up when she is unhappy她. 不開心的時候，沒人能夠取悅她。 cheer on 鼓勵We

48、 should cheer on him and give him courage我. 們應(yīng)該鼓勵他，給他勇氣。 use up 用完They used up all the money.他 們把所有的錢都用完了。eat up 吃完We should eat up all the food on the plate我. 們應(yīng)該吃完盤子里所有的食物。 deal with 處理I don 't know how to deal with the problem. 我不知道如何處理這個問題。 詞組練習(xí) 一、根據(jù)句意，填出正確時態(tài)的動詞短語。（一）關(guān)于 put 的短語1. I my hat an

49、d left the house.2. He the fire.3. They their tent in the middle of a field.4. Your room is untidy, your things .5. The meeting has been.（二）關(guān)于 take 的短語1. I didn't his phone number.2. When did the plane ?3. It was very hot, so I my hat.4. My job most of my time.（三）關(guān)于 give的短語1. I lent him some boo

50、ks last month and he them _ to me this morning.2. He all his books to the library.3. He will your secret.4. He drinking a few years ago.5. Those wild flowers a nice smell.6. Please the homework to the students.(四) 關(guān)于 call 的短語1. I the post office yesterday.2. I the doctor yesterday.3. Success hard wo

51、rk.4. Some people on the bank to the man in the boat.5. For some reason, they the party this Saturday.(五) 關(guān)于 look 的短語1. I am my pen.2. Will you _ the children for me please?3. my photograph album.4. I the window. It was dark outside.5. ! There is a big hole in front.6. When you do not understand a w

52、ord, you canit in this dictionary.7. We are all our holiday.(六) 關(guān)于 pick 的短語1. He a coin when he was walk in the street.2. I'll you at the airport this evening.3. There are so many beautiful cards. I can't the ones I like best.二、根據(jù)句意，選擇正確的動詞短語。( ) 1. Lily is upset these days. Do you know how to her ?A. cheer; upB. cheer; on C. pick; upD. put; away( ) 2. Please these test papers to each student.A. give offB. give out C. give upD. give in( ) 3. All the