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1、 初中七年級上語法總復習一 Be 動詞(am, is, are)的用法口訣:I 用am , you 用are ,is 連著他(he)她(she)它(it)。單數(shù)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)用is,復數(shù)一律都用are. 變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄,變否定,更容易,be 后not莫忘記,疑問否定任你變,句首大寫莫遲疑。 注意:be 動詞通常會和其他詞連寫在一起,如:Im , whats ,names, theyre等。I _ a student. You _ Janpanese. He _ my brother.She_ very nice. My name _Harry. I _ 10 years old.Lile

2、i _ very tall. Mary, this _ Tom. Miss Zhou _ my teacher.What_ this? The cat_ black. This book_ very interesting.Lilei and I _ good friends. These _ apples. Those_ bananas.They _students. _ she from China? _ you good at English?The books _ on the desk. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.The girl_ Ja

3、ck's sister. The dog _ tall and fat. The man with big eyes _ a teacher._ your brother in the classroom? Where _ your mother? She _ at home.How _ your father. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. Whose dress _ this?Whose socks _ they? That _ my red skirt. Who _ I?The jeans _ on the desk. Here _many oran

4、ges for you.Here _ some sweaters for you. The black pants _ for Su Yang.This pair of boots _ for Yang Ling. There some milk for me.Some tea _ in the glass. Gao shan's shirt _ over there. My sister's name _Nancy.This _ not Wang Fang's pencil. _ David and Helen from England? There _ a girl

5、 in the room. There _ some apples on the tree._ there any kites in the classroom? _ there any apple juice in the bottle? There _ some bread on the plate. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.You, he and I _ from China. My telephone number_8563-0770.二.人稱代詞與物主代詞人稱第一人稱單 數(shù)第二人稱單

6、數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復 數(shù)第二人稱復 數(shù)第三人稱復 數(shù)主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey我你他她它我們你們他(她、它)們賓格meyouhimheritouryouthem我你他她它我們你們他(她、它)們形容詞性物主代 詞myyourhisheritsoursyourtheir我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的1. 通常情況下,人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語。2. 通常情況下,稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語。3. 形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞,后面要跟它所限定的名詞。4. 通常情況下,人稱代詞主格會與跟在它后面的be動詞縮寫。如:I am=Im you are=yo

7、ureHe is=hes she is=shes it is =its we are=were they are=theyre一 根據(jù)句子前后內容,寫出正確的代詞。Li lei is from China._ is Chinese.My name is Gina._ am a student.This is Tom._ is in Grade Two.His name is Tony._ telephone number is 856-0770.She is a student._name is Julia.二.用所給詞的適當形式填空  1.  That

8、 is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.  ( I )2.  The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )        3.   Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4.   _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5

9、.   _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6.   Here are many dolls, which one is _ ?  ( she )7.   I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8.    Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9.    I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes

10、 are _. ( it )10.   Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )11.   Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12.   _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13.   That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14.&

11、#160;  Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15.   Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! 16.   _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17.   _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18.   So many dogs. Lets count _. ( t

12、hey )19.   I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20.   May I sit beside _? ( you )21.   Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it )            22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )三 指示代詞this ,that

13、, these, those.These 是this 的復數(shù)形式,指時間、距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事。Those 是that的復數(shù)形式,指時間、距離較遠或者前面已經(jīng)提到的人或事。如:This is my room. That is Lucys room. These are his brothers. Those are he books.四冠詞的用法冠詞分為不定冠詞(a ,an)、定冠詞(the)和零冠詞(不用冠詞的情況)三種。不定冠詞a(an)與數(shù)詞 one 同源,是“一個”的意思。a 用于輔音音素前,而 an 則用于元音音素前。不定冠詞a、an的用法:1. 用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,

14、表示"一"There is a tiger in the zoo.動物園里有一只老虎。2. 表示一類人和東西A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。3. 表示"某一個"的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要見你。4. 表示"同一"的意思They are nearly of an age.他們幾乎同歲。 The two shirts are much of a size.這兩件襯衫大小差不多。5. 表示"每一"的意思We go swimming fou

15、r times a week. 我們每周去游泳四次。6. 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示身份、職業(yè)My mother is a teacher.我媽媽是教師。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特別指明是哪一個Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前,有一個年老的國王,他有一個非常美麗的女兒。8. 在such a,quite a句式中He is quite a good actor.他是一個相當好的演員。 Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 9. 在感

16、嘆句 what.的句式中What a pretty girl she is!她是一個多么漂亮的女孩呀! 用在某些表示數(shù)量的詞組中:a lot of 許多 a couple of 一對 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打(但也可以用 one dozen) a great deal of 大量定冠詞the的用法:巧計定冠詞the用法歌訣:特指雙方熟悉,上文已經(jīng)提起。世上獨一無二,方位名詞樂器。某些專有名詞,還有復數(shù)姓氏。序數(shù)詞最高級,習慣用語要牢記。1. 用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物This is the house where Luxun once lived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)

17、住過的房子。2. 用于指談話雙方都明確所指的人或事物Open the door, please.請把門打開。3. 用以復述上文提過的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”)I have a black pen. This is the pen.4. 用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年當中的第一個月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國最大的城市。 5. 表示宇宙中世界上獨一無二的事物the sun 太陽 the moon 月亮 the ea

18、rth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 6. 指由普通名詞構成的專有名詞the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 長城the United States 美國 the United Nations 聯(lián)合國 7. 表示方向、方位in the east 在東方 in the west 在西方in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在頂部on the right 在右邊 on the left 在左邊 8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前the Pacifi

19、c Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黃河the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脈 the Taiwan Straits 臺灣海峽9. 在姓氏復數(shù)前,表示一家人The Bakers came to see me yesterday.貝克一家人昨天來看我。10. 和某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化,代表一類人或物the poor 窮人 the rich 富人the sick 病人 the wounded 傷員the good 好人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 11. 用在表示階級、政黨的名詞前the working class 工人階級the Chi

20、nese Communist Party 中國共產黨 12. 用在the very強調句中This is the very book I want.這就是我想要的那本書。 13. 在the more, the more比較級的句式中The more you drink, the more you like it.你越喝就越愛喝。 14. 表示演奏樂器時,樂器的前面要加theplay the piano 彈鋼琴play the violin 拉小提琴 *中國樂器名詞前不與冠詞連用:play erhu(二胡)the+n發(fā)明物 必須是單數(shù) who invented the telephone?15.

21、 某些固定的表達法in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看電影go to the theatre 去看戲 all the year round 一年到頭on the way to 前往.去的路上16. the加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以表示一類人或事物The horse is a useful animal.馬是一種有用的動物。17.用在世紀或逢時1990的復數(shù)名詞前in the18th century 在18世紀 in the 1960s 在20世紀60年代18 多與民族 國籍的形容詞連用

22、The chinese are brave hard-working people 中國人是勤勞和勇敢的人19. 用于報刊 雜志 會議 條義 歷史 時期 朝代的名詞前the Xian incident 西安事變零冠詞的用法:1. 專有名詞前一般不加冠詞China 中國 Europe 歐洲Lei Feng 雷鋒 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亞 2. 月份、星期、節(jié)日前一般不加冠詞January 一月份 Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié) Thanksgiving 感恩節(jié)National Day 國慶節(jié) May Day 勞動節(jié) 注:民族節(jié)日前要

23、加the 如:the Spring Festival3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠詞I have lunch at school.我在學校吃午餐。 Summer is the best season for swimming.夏天是游泳的好季節(jié)。 比較: I had a big lunch yesterday.昨天我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。(表示某一個) 比較: I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.我永遠不會忘記我們一起在夏威夷度過的那個夏天。(表示特指) 4. 進行球類運動 play basketball 打籃球 play volle

24、yball 打排球play football 踢足球 5.by+交通工具 by bus 乘公交車 by bike騎自行車 6. 沒有特指的物質名詞This cart is made of wood.這輛手推車是用木頭作的。 比較: The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木頭都濕了。(表示特指) 7. 沒有特指的不可數(shù)抽象名詞 Time is precious.時間是寶貴的。 8. 沒有特指的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式后。 I like tomatoes.我喜歡西紅柿。9. 山峰 Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗瑪峰10. 泛指人類Man is mortal.人必有

25、一死。11. 指職位、頭銜稱呼的詞,如king,captain,president,chairman 等。He is (the) captain of the team.他是球隊的隊長。 This is Mr. Li.12. 固定詞組go to school 去上學 go to bed 上床睡覺go by train 乘火車去 go by boat 乘船去at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院at school 求學 in school 求學at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里exercise:在下列句中空白處填

26、入適當冠詞,不需用冠詞處劃/。1.Whats this? Its _ clock.2.Whats that? Its_alarm clock.3.What is it? Its _ “w”.4.What color is your coat? Its _orange. Its _orange coat.5.Jims mother is_Mrs.Green. She is _ teacher.6.Those pens are in _ pencil-case.7.Heres _ interesting family photo.8.When does Lily go to _ bed in _e

27、vening?9._ “h”,_ “o”and _“w” in the word “how”.10.This is _my English book.11.Where is _bag? Its under_table.12.I often go to _school at _7:00.13.Take_ cup to_your mother.14.They like playing _ football.15.My favorite subject is_P.E. .16.Do you have_pingpong bat? Yes, I do.17.Do you want to see _ ac

28、tion movie? No, I want to play_chess.18.When is his sisters birthday? Its_April _ eleventh.19.Does Bill like_hamburgers? No ,he doesnt.20.A:Lets play soccer. B:I dont have_soccer ball. A:Well,lets play _drums. B:That sounds good.21.Do you have Art Festival at your school? Yes, we do.22.How much are

29、_ two hats? They are 10 dollars.23.Rich often goes to see _Beijing Opera on_weekends.24.Can Tom play_piano? Yes, he can. Can he play _it well? No, he cant.25.When do people usually eat _breakfast? They usually have_it in _morning.26.Please listen to _teacher carefully.五名詞及名詞的所有格名詞:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞(一

30、)名詞的分類    名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞,其中普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù),也可用作復數(shù)。    可數(shù)名詞包括個體名詞(表示一類人或物的個體。如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集體名詞(由若干個體組成的集合體。如:family,class,police)。    不可數(shù)名詞包括物質名詞(表示無法分為個體的實物。如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名詞(表示性質、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work,happiness,music,dif

31、ficulty,housework)專有名詞表示個人、地方、機構、組織等。如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,F(xiàn)rance,the United States)。(二)名詞的數(shù)    1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式,其復數(shù)形式的構成主要有以下幾種:    (1)一般情況下,在詞尾加s.eg.bookbooks,dogdogs,penpens,boyboys    輔音結尾的名詞后的s的讀音為s,以濁輔音和元音結尾名詞后的s讀音為z。  &

32、#160; (2)以s,x,ch,sh結尾的詞名詞變復數(shù)時,要在詞尾加es.    eg.beachbeaches,brushbrushes,busbuses,boxboxes(es讀音為iz    (3)以“輔音字母y”結尾的名詞,先變y為i,再加es.    eg.citycities,familyfamilies,documentarydocumentaries,countrycountries,    strawberrystrawberries(ies讀音為iz)&

33、#160;   (注:以“元音字母+y”結尾的詞,直接在詞尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)    (4)以元音字母。結尾的名詞,變復數(shù)時情況如下:    加eg.tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes    結尾是兩個元音字母的加s,eg.zoozoos,radioradios    某些外來詞變復數(shù)時詞尾加s,eg. pianopianos    一些名詞的縮寫形式變復數(shù)時,詞尾加s

34、,    eg.photo(photograph)photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos    zero變復數(shù)時,既可加s,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes   (5)以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數(shù)時,先把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加es.    eg.wifewives,leaf leaves,halfhalves,knifeknives,thiefthieves(res讀音為vz   (注意:roof的復數(shù)為roofs; scarf的復

35、數(shù)為scarfsscarves)   (6)有些名詞由單數(shù)變復數(shù)時,不是在詞尾加s或es,而是變換其中的字母。 eg.manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,F(xiàn)renchmanFrenchmen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren,mousemice,OxOxen(公牛)    (7)還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式相同。    eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,dee

36、r,fish(8)另一些名詞本身即是復數(shù)形式,不可用作單數(shù)。    eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors    另外,當一個名詞作定語說明另一個名詞時,這個名詞一般用單數(shù)。    eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister    但是,當man和woman作定語修飾復數(shù)名詞時,就要用其復數(shù)形式。 

37、;   eg.two men teachers,three women doctors    可用“量詞+of+名詞復數(shù)”這一結構表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。eg.a room of students,two boxes of pencils 2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復數(shù)形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。    (1)表不定數(shù)量時,一般用much,(a)little,a lot oflots of,some,any等詞修飾。    eg,much money,a little bread 

38、;   (2)表確定數(shù)量時,一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如:twothree+量詞復數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)名詞。 eg.a bag of rice,two glasses of milk,four bottles of water    3.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞,但詞義有所不同。    eg: fruit水果fruits表示不同種類的水果;food食物foods各種食品;fish魚fishes魚的種類;drink飲料、酒a drink一杯一份飲料、一杯酒; cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹

39、布; sand沙sands沙灘; tea茶a tea一杯茶;chicken雞肉a chicken小雞;orange橘汁an orange橘子; glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼鏡; paper紙a paper試卷、論文;wood木頭a wood小森林;room空間、余地a room房間本冊已經(jīng)學過的不可數(shù)名詞有:broccoli, food, dessert, orange, fruit, soccer, tennis, breakfast, lunch, dinner, help, opera, work, homework, timeice-cream, salad,

40、chicken(既可作可數(shù)名詞,又可作不可數(shù)名詞)名詞的所有格:名詞的所有格(表示人或物的所屬關系)(1)有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞所有格。    不是以s結尾的名詞變成所有格時,在詞尾加s.    eg.Mikes watch;Womens Day    以s結尾的名詞變成所有格時,只加。    eg.teachersoffice,studentsrooms    兩個或兩個以上名詞并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一

41、個名詞后加s.    eg.Tom and Mikes room湯姆和邁克的房間(表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房)    兩個或兩個以上名詞并列,表示分別所有,需在幾個名詞后都加s.    eg.Marys and Jennys bikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車(表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車)(2)無生命的事物的名詞所有格常用of結構    eg.a map of China,the beginning of this game,the door of the room(3)特殊形式&#

42、160;   可用s和of短語表示的名詞所有格    eg.the boys name=the name of the boy(男孩的名字)    the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)    Chinas population=the population of China(中國的人口)    Chinas capital=the capital of China(中國的首都)    雙

43、重所有格    eg.a fiend of my mothers我媽媽的一個朋友    a picture of Toms湯姆的一張圖片exercise:1. 寫出下列詞的復數(shù)形式。baby_ case_knife_ photo_ Chinese_hamburger_potato_ key_ watch_ name_ strawberry_ tomato_dollar_ orange_ people_ documentary_ boy_piano_ child_ man_ this_ that_ I _ she_you_ bus_ w

44、ish_ Japanese_ am_2. 翻譯短語五門學科_ 三部電影_一些動作片_ 許多手表_一點食品_ 一點蔬菜_許多冰激凌_ 三塊雞肉_一些工作_ 許多作業(yè)_四輛公共汽車_3.選擇填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in the grou

45、p. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. Thata art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already.A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six bo

46、x of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the r

47、eading room.A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box4.把下列句子變成復數(shù)句。1. This is my friend. 2. This is a bike. 3.That is her brother. 4.This is a book. 5.That is an eraser.6.It is a red orange.7.He is a teache

48、r.8. Whats this?9.This is my mother.10.He is a Chinese boy.11.I am a student.12.A photo is on the wall.13.You are a Chinese.14.It is an action movie.15.She has a nice dress.5.改錯。1.He has many ice cream for breakfast._2.The girl has two broccoli for lunch._3.I need some salad._4.The student does a fe

49、w homework every day._5.I want to go to movie._6.We can see much clothes in the store._7.Does she have three cousin?_8.They are Japaneses._9.I have some apple._10.I want to see a Beijing Opera._六數(shù)詞(一)基數(shù)詞 在英語中表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。    1.基數(shù)詞的構成    (1)1-20    one,two,

50、three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty    (2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。    23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one&

51、#160;   (3)101999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);    586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three    (4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。    1,001one thousand and

52、 one    9,785nine thousand,seven hundred and eighty-five    18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three    6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty,billion(美式) seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)    (二)序數(shù)詞 在英語中表示順序、次序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。    1.序數(shù)詞的構成    (1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th eg.fourfourth,thirteenthirte

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