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1、我們知道高考短文改錯(cuò)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)幾乎涵蓋了中學(xué)階段的所有語法項(xiàng)目,但重點(diǎn)還是集中在以下幾方面: 1?名詞的使用錯(cuò)誤;2.冠詞的使用錯(cuò)誤;3.時(shí)態(tài)的誤用;4.形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的誤用;5.介詞的誤用;6.代詞的誤用。 名詞的用法是很多中學(xué)生容易混淆的,高考短文改錯(cuò)往往把名詞與主謂一致、名詞的修飾語以及冠詞的使用放在一塊兒考查。高考短文改錯(cuò)對名詞的考查主要集中在以下幾方面:1.可數(shù)名詞數(shù)的使用錯(cuò)誤;2.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的混淆;3.名詞作定語的把握;4.抽象名詞具體化的變化等易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)回顧: 1??嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞 advice (建議), furniture&
2、#160;(家具), clothing (衣服), fun (樂趣), homework(家庭作業(yè)), information(信息), paper(紙), sugar(糖), work(工作), fruit(水果), harm(損害), news(新聞), progress(進(jìn)步), traffic(交通), trouble(麻煩), weather(天氣)等。 這些名詞前不能直接用冠詞或數(shù)詞修飾,而應(yīng)該與某些特定的單位名詞連用,來表
3、示"量"的概念。如: a piece of news/advice, an article of clothing/furniture 2 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞 means(方式), works(工廠), sheep(綿羊), deer(鹿)等。 注意正確區(qū)分它們的數(shù):every means (單數(shù)),all means(復(fù)數(shù))。 3可以具體化的抽象名詞 surprise, knowledge, success,
4、 failure, pleasure, interest, joy, help, honour, exercise等。 這類名詞如果僅僅表示"概念",是不可數(shù)名詞,但如果表示具體的人或事,特別是前面出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾時(shí),就成了可數(shù)名詞,前面需加冠詞。如: He answered in surprise. 他吃驚地回答。(不可數(shù)名詞) He suddenly appeared on a rainy night,&
5、#160;which was a great surprise to us. 他在一個(gè)雨夜突然出現(xiàn),這使我們非常吃驚(令大家吃驚的事情)。(可數(shù)名詞) 4 具有"兩重性"的名詞 有些名詞既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞,很有迷惑性。這類名詞可數(shù)與否往往取決于不同的意思: 不可數(shù) 可數(shù) work 工作 作品;著作 paper 紙 報(bào)紙;文件 time 時(shí)間 倍數(shù);次數(shù);一段時(shí)光 light 光 燈 chic
6、ken 雞肉 小雞 character 性格 (戲劇、小說中的)人物 典例調(diào)研 例1I told her not to use the office phone for personal call. callcalls。本題為名詞數(shù)的誤用。call為可數(shù)名詞,在此語境中須用復(fù)數(shù);如用單數(shù)須加不定冠詞a。 例2He left words with my mother that h
7、e would come to help me in the afternoon and he kept his words. 第二個(gè)wordsword。本題屬名詞數(shù)的誤用。keep ones word為固定短語,意為"遵守諾言"。 例3Father went to his doctor for advices about his hea
8、rt trouble. advicesadvice。本題屬名詞數(shù)的誤用。例4Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? Theres not enough rooms for you here. roomsroom。本題屬名詞數(shù)的誤用。當(dāng)"空間"講時(shí)room為不可數(shù)名詞。 例5You can get many information from
9、60;the Internet. manymuch。本題是名詞修飾語的誤用。information是不可數(shù)名詞,因此前面用much修飾。 例6The writer goes to the library every a few days. a去掉。本題屬于漢語式思維造成的成分累贅。every 本身已包含"一"的概念,因此不能受漢語的影響而再加冠詞。 【指導(dǎo)·借鑒】 在短文改錯(cuò)中,命題者往往會(huì)從漢語式思維的角度設(shè)置"陷阱",因此大家應(yīng)從分
10、析語境入手,擺脫漢語式思維的干擾,分清名詞的性質(zhì),如果一個(gè)名詞是可數(shù)名詞,它一般只存在兩種形式:單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),如:a personal call, personal calls, 但絕對不能說personal call。另外對有些名詞的數(shù),絕對不能含糊,如information總是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,不可能有其他形式的變化,不能說an information,或many information。 強(qiáng)化闖關(guān) 1.If by chance someone comes to
11、160;see me, ask them to leave a notice. 2.In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to two shoes stores. 3.Fly spread diseases. So we should think of w
12、ays to get rid of them. 4.It was such a fine weather that we all went out to play kites. 5.That is where the main difference between animals and human being
13、0;lies. 6.Please read the instruction carefully before using the medicine. 7.He has finished a day work.8.The evening meal for Americans is usually long and a time for family&
14、#160;to gather together. 9.Carry your valuable with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.10. More than one foreign language are taught in this school. 答案及解析: 1noticenote。本題屬詞匯的誤用。
15、根據(jù)語境,這里表達(dá)的是"留便條"。notice的意思是"通知"。 2第二個(gè)shoes改為shoe。本題屬不了解名詞作定語的基本特點(diǎn)而造成的錯(cuò)誤。名詞作定語表類別,一般用名詞的單數(shù)形式。 3FlyFlies。本題是名詞數(shù)的使用錯(cuò)誤。fly表"蒼蠅"時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表類別。 4去掉冠詞a。本題屬名詞數(shù)的使用錯(cuò)誤。weather是不可數(shù)名詞。 5beingbeings。本題是名詞數(shù)的使用錯(cuò)誤。human being"人類"是可數(shù)名詞,此處與animals相對應(yīng),應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6instruct
16、ioninstructions。本題屬不了解名詞的特殊用法而造成的錯(cuò)誤。當(dāng)產(chǎn)品的"說明"講時(shí),instruction要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7daydays。本題常會(huì)因?yàn)椴涣私庠~的特殊功能而出錯(cuò)。此處作定語,表示時(shí)間的長短,應(yīng)用名詞的所有格。 8familyfamilies。本題屬可數(shù)名詞數(shù)的誤用。此處指美國家庭的總體情況,應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 9valuablevaluables。本題是因?yàn)椴涣私庠~的特殊意義而出錯(cuò)。此處valuable是名詞,當(dāng)"貴重物品"講,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10areis。主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。"more than on
17、e+單數(shù)名詞"在形式上是單數(shù),意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)依據(jù)形式一致的原則用單數(shù)形式。 冠詞的使用錯(cuò)誤 重點(diǎn)詮釋 由于漢語中沒有冠詞的概念,因此英語中冠詞的使用成為中學(xué)生容易出錯(cuò)的地方,高考短文改錯(cuò)也正是針對考生在思維上的誤區(qū)設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤。短文改錯(cuò)對冠詞的考查集中在以下幾方面:1.該使用冠詞的地方?jīng)]有使用冠詞或不需要使用冠詞的地方卻使用了冠詞;2.冠詞的誤用,如:該使用定冠詞的地方使用了不定冠詞,而應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞的地方卻使用了定冠詞。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)回顧: 大家除了掌握使用冠詞的基本規(guī)則外,還應(yīng)不拘泥于規(guī)則,注意冠詞的活用: 1表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名
18、詞前一般加定冠詞the; 但如果名詞前有修飾語,也可能用不定冠詞a,an。 the world, a peaceful world the moon, a bright moon 2. 表示一日三餐的名詞前面一般不用冠詞,但前面如果有了定語修飾,也可能用不定冠詞a, an。 Have you had supper? We had a wonderful supper. 3. 表示樂器的名詞前一般
19、用定冠詞the, 但前面如果出現(xiàn)定語修飾,也可能用不定冠詞a, an。 He starts his day by playing the violin. He is playing a borrowed violin. 4. 介詞與表示交通工具的名詞連用表示籠統(tǒng)的方式,前面一般不用冠詞,但如果名詞的前面出現(xiàn)了修飾語,前面需加冠詞。 He went to the station by ca
20、r. He went to the station in a black car. 5. 表示語言的名詞前一般不用冠詞,但后面如果出現(xiàn)language一詞,前面需加定冠詞the。 English=the English language French=the French language 6. turn用作系動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面作表語的單數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。 He turned writer many years&
21、#160;later.(=He became a writer many years later.) 典例調(diào)研 例1Do you know who invented computer? computer前加the。冠詞缺失錯(cuò)誤。發(fā)明物的前面需加定冠詞。 例2 The old naturalist was devoted to bringing out the secret of
22、 the nature all his life . 去掉nature前的定冠詞the。冠詞多余錯(cuò)誤。nature當(dāng)"大自然"講時(shí),是整體概念,前面一般不用冠詞。 例3 I had decided to give it up, but on the second thoughts, I decided to try the third
23、160;time. 去掉第一個(gè)定冠詞the,第二個(gè)定冠詞改為a。冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤。on second thoughts 為固定用法,意為"又一想",后面third前用不定冠詞a表示"再一、又一"之意。 例4The news is spreading from mouth to mouth and has become the talk of town. town前加定冠詞the。冠詞缺失錯(cuò)誤
24、。這里the town指的是全鎮(zhèn)的"人們"。 例5 Do you think it is all right to buy him that DVD player as the birthday gift? thea。冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤。DVD作為禮物,顯然是多種選擇中的一種,故前面用不定冠詞a。 例6I know how you feel, becau
25、se I had the similar problem two years ago. thea。冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤。similar前應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。 【指導(dǎo)·借鑒】 冠詞的使用比較靈活,大家應(yīng)從分析語境入手,首先搞清一個(gè)名詞在句中是特指還是泛指,注意一個(gè)名詞有無修飾語,如果有修飾語(如一個(gè)名詞的后面出現(xiàn)of介詞短語或定語從句),這個(gè)名詞很可能就是特指概念,前面需加定冠詞,如the secret of nature;另外要注意,一些名詞在一般的用法中不用冠詞,但到了另外一種語境中,
26、前面可能需加冠詞,如:go to town(到城里), The whole town went out to meet him.(全城的人都出來迎接他)。 強(qiáng)化闖關(guān) 1. The rich used to look down upon a poor. 2. The doctors and nurses should care
27、for their patients. 3. February is a second month of the year. 4. Beijing is one of most beautiful cities in the world. 5. June 1st is the Childrens Day. 6. We
28、elected him the monitor of the class. 7. He felt that somebody patted him on his shoulder. 8. She finished the school at the age of eighteen. 9. You must take t
29、he medicine three times the day. 10. Helen has tried twice, and she is asked to have the third try. 答案及解析: 1athe。冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤。指一類人,應(yīng)用the+形容詞。 2去掉句子開頭的定冠詞。本題屬冠詞多余,此處泛指所有的醫(yī)生和護(hù)士。 3athe。冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤。序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the,表示第。 4most前加the
30、。冠詞缺少錯(cuò)誤。形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞。 5去掉the。冠詞多余錯(cuò)誤。Childrens Day 是專有名詞,前面無需用冠詞。 6去掉第一個(gè)the。冠詞多余錯(cuò)誤。在表示獨(dú)一無二的事物、職務(wù)等的名詞作表語、補(bǔ)語、同位語時(shí),前面不用冠詞。 7histhe。句型中詞匯使用錯(cuò)誤。"動(dòng)詞(hit, pat, strike, catch, seize, take)+ sb.+the+身體某一部位"是特殊句型。 8去掉第一個(gè)the。 finish school是"畢業(yè)&qu
31、ot;之意,前面不用冠詞。 9 thea。冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤。表示頻率,應(yīng)用three times a day。 10thea。冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤。"a+序數(shù)詞"表示"又一"之意時(shí)態(tài)的誤用 重點(diǎn)詮釋 高考短文改錯(cuò)中時(shí)態(tài)的使用錯(cuò)誤主要是時(shí)態(tài)的不一致,如全篇用的都是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),而在某一個(gè)地方卻出現(xiàn)了不合邏輯的過去時(shí),或全篇使用的是過去時(shí),而在短文的某一個(gè)地方卻出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在時(shí)。有時(shí)前面用的是過去時(shí),后面卻出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在時(shí);前面用的都是現(xiàn)在時(shí),后面卻出現(xiàn)了過去時(shí)。這些情況多出現(xiàn)在說明幾個(gè)連續(xù)動(dòng)作的句子中。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)回顧: 1用一般現(xiàn)
32、在時(shí)表將來時(shí) 用于某些時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,如when, before, after, once, until,till, as soon as(the moment)等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,if,unless, even if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 誤 Tell him the news as soon as he will come. 正 Tell him
33、the news as soon as he comes. 析 as soon as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,過去時(shí)僅僅說明過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系 誤Did you see my pen? 正Have you seen my pen? 析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)說明還在找鋼筆。 3. 固定句式里面的時(shí)態(tài)要求 (1) This i
34、s the first time I have done sth. (2) It has been two years since he went abroad. (3) I was about to go out when the telephone rang. (4) Hardly had I
35、got home when the telephone rang. (5) No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang. (6) It wont be long before he comes back. (7) I didnt manage to understa
36、nd it until he had explained it again. 典例調(diào)研 例1 We were playing basketball while they are playing football. arewere/wereare。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤。while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,前后動(dòng)作應(yīng)是同時(shí)發(fā)生。 例2 Hardly did the doctor go to
37、60;bed when there was a knock on the door. didhad, gogone。時(shí)態(tài)誤用。Hardly后應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),表示過 去的過去。 例3 Where had you been? I have been waiting for you for nearly two hours. hadhave。時(shí)態(tài)誤用。說話時(shí)某人已回來,應(yīng)用
38、"Where have you been?"。 例4 He forgot to turn off the light. Look, its still on. forgot前加has。時(shí)態(tài)使用錯(cuò)誤。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,從后面"Look, its still on."可以看出。 例5 This is the first time&
39、#160;that I come to a big city. come前加have。固定句式時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。在"This is the first/(second.)time+從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 【指導(dǎo)·借鑒】 對于短文改錯(cuò)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,大家可根據(jù)以下思路去改正: (1)根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)環(huán)境(2)根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(3)根據(jù)句意及邏輯關(guān)系 (4)根據(jù)連詞的對稱原則 強(qiáng)化闖關(guān) 1. Jane was dancing
40、 , but when she saw me she stops. 2. Tom told me that he has just been asked what he was doing during the holidays. 3. I am sorry, I almost
41、0;forgot your birthday, When is it? 4. We would like to go and thank him ourselves, but we didnt find out his address yet .5. Beg your pardon, but I dont
42、160;quite catch what you said .6. He does go to meet us at the station, but he didnt see us. 7. Where have you been all this time? The train was about
43、 to leave.8. Hello, this is Dr Greys office. We were calling to remind you of your 415 appointment tomorrow afternoon. 9. Through my efforts, this part of the p
44、ark was cleaner. 10. Last Sunday, he went to the library, borrowing two books and then left. 答案與解析: 1. stopsstopped。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤。我見到Jane時(shí),她"正在跳舞",然后"停"下了。前面用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),后面用一般過去時(shí)。 2. hashad。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤。由 to
45、ld 與賓語從句的關(guān)系判斷,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。 3. forgothave forgotten。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have forgotten 含有"到目前為止仍沒有記起"之意;過去時(shí)forgot暗示"剛才忘了,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)記起來了"。由后面"When is it?" 判斷,說話時(shí)講話人依然不記得對方生日的具體時(shí)間。 4. didnt findhavent found。時(shí)態(tài)使用錯(cuò)誤。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)
46、對現(xiàn)在的影響,表示我們"現(xiàn)在還不知道"他的地址。 5. dontdidnt。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤。 這里指的是剛才沒有聽清楚,故用過去時(shí)。 6. doesdid。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤。 由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but 判斷,"他去了"。助動(dòng)詞do可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞。如:He does like English。 7. wasis。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤。由語境可知,應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí),be about to do表示將來。 8. wereare。時(shí)態(tài)使
47、用錯(cuò)誤。 由語境判斷是"正在打電話",故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 9. wasis。時(shí)態(tài)使用錯(cuò)誤。 由語境可知,表示通過以往的努力,公園現(xiàn)在已整潔起來。 10. borrowingborrowed。時(shí)態(tài)不一致錯(cuò)誤。這里and連接三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作,故都用過去時(shí)形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)的誤用 重點(diǎn)詮釋 高考短文改錯(cuò)形容詞和副詞的錯(cuò)誤主要在于詞性的誤用,即該用形容詞的時(shí)候用了副詞或該用副詞的時(shí)候用了形容詞。比較級(jí)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要是形容詞/副詞詞級(jí)的誤用,以及比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)前面修飾語的誤用。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)回顧: 1 形容詞作伴隨或結(jié)果狀語,
48、表狀態(tài) 誤He went to bed, coldly and hungrily. 正He went to bed, cold and hungry. 析形容詞作伴隨狀語,說明他上床時(shí)所處的狀態(tài),并非說明他上床的方式。 2. 比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義 誤He is taller than other boy in his class. 正He is taller
49、;than any other boy in his class. 析 比較的對象是個(gè)體,所以前面需加any。 誤 She goes to school early than the other girls. 正 She goes to school earlier than the other girls. 析 顯然應(yīng)用比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。 3
50、. 突出強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)中較的一個(gè)時(shí),比較級(jí)前加定冠詞the 誤 Of the two toys, he chose the least expensive one. 正 Of the two toys, he chose the less expensive one. 析比較級(jí)前加定冠詞表特指。 4. 比較級(jí)前的修飾語(even, still, much,
51、0;far, a lot, a great deal, by far, a little, three times.) 誤He is more taller than any other boy in his class. 正He is much taller than any other boy in
52、60;his class. 析taller本身就是比較級(jí),而more常用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。much修飾比較級(jí)加強(qiáng)比較意義。 5. ??嫉谋容^級(jí)句型 誤The more you learn English, better you will be good at it. 正The more you learn English, the better you will
53、;be good at it. 析注意前后都用"the+比較級(jí)",來表達(dá)"越,就越"之意。 典例調(diào)研 例1Im terrible sorry to hurt you. terribleterribly。形容詞誤用。本題中應(yīng)用副詞作狀語,修飾后面的形容詞。 例2He was sitting in a corner, silently. silentlysilent。副詞誤用。本題中應(yīng)用形容詞作伴隨狀語。 例3He
54、60;has three times as much books as I. muchmany。形容詞誤用。books是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,應(yīng)用many修飾。 例4The sooner you give up smoking, the good it will be. goodbetter。形容詞詞級(jí)的誤用。"The +比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)"表示"越,就越"。 例5I
55、;never spent a more worried day. worriedworrying。形容詞誤用。表示"令人的",應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的形容詞。 例6China is larger than any other country in Africa. 去掉other。形容詞誤用導(dǎo)致邏輯錯(cuò)誤。中國不屬于非洲,因此前面不需用other。 【指導(dǎo)·借鑒】 判斷短文改錯(cuò)中的形容詞、副詞錯(cuò)誤,大家應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面去考慮:1?判斷句子成分,如
56、果是作定語、表語等,一般是用形容詞,如果是作狀語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞和副詞,一般應(yīng)用副詞,但注意也有特殊情況,如形容詞(短語)可作伴隨或結(jié)果狀語。2?分清句子結(jié)構(gòu),看看該句應(yīng)該用原級(jí) 、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。3?注意特殊的含有形容詞比較級(jí)的句型。 強(qiáng)化闖關(guān) 1. Well, how could I afford so an expensive car? 2. The dish is delicious, at least
57、60;its not worse than the one we had yesterday. 3. The Olympic Games in Greece were the biggest lively sports events in the world. 4. We are glad to see our
58、0;motherland getting more and more developing. 5. After two days he arrived at last, tired and hungrily. 6. She said that her son worked happy there every day. 7. The
59、0;bus stop is two miles far from here. 8. This is a most beautiful park .I have never seen a best one before . 9. The scientists presented today are mostly
60、;from Asia . 10. The best time to go to Australia is latest autumn . 答案與解析: 1. sosuch。副詞使用錯(cuò)誤。 such an expensive car相當(dāng)于so expensive a car。 2. notno。副詞使用錯(cuò)誤。從語意判斷,今天菜比昨天的要好,no worse t
61、han 意為"不比差"。 3. livelylive。形容詞使用錯(cuò)誤。live此處是形容詞,意思是"實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的"。lively意為"活潑的、生動(dòng)的"。 4. developingdeveloped。形容詞使用錯(cuò)誤。此題考查的是"比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)"結(jié)構(gòu),如果是多音節(jié)形容詞,用"more and more+形容詞"結(jié)構(gòu);developed 意為"發(fā)達(dá)的",developing 意為"發(fā)展中的&q
62、uot;。 5. hungrilyhungry。副詞使用錯(cuò)誤。 此句考查的是形容詞短語作結(jié)果狀語,前面往往有逗號(hào)把句子分開。再如:He came back, safe and sound.(他安然無恙地回來了。) 6. happyhappily。形容詞使用錯(cuò)誤。 副詞放在句末修飾動(dòng)詞,作方式狀語。 7. 去掉far或faraway。副詞多余錯(cuò)誤。far表示籠統(tǒng)概念"遠(yuǎn)",而前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了表示具體數(shù)量的詞,造成邏輯上的矛盾。 8. bestbetter。形容詞詞級(jí)使用
63、錯(cuò)誤。此處用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。 9. presentedpresent。形容詞使用錯(cuò)誤。 某些單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)常后置,如:present (在場的),absent (缺席的),possible,alive 等。 10. latestlate。形容詞使用錯(cuò)誤。 latest"最近的、最新的"; late "晚、遲",late autumn 意為"晚秋"介詞的誤用 重點(diǎn)詮釋 高考短文改錯(cuò)中的介詞錯(cuò)誤主要是介詞多
64、余以及使用或者搭配方面的錯(cuò)誤,大家應(yīng)該掌握介詞含義和用法,更應(yīng)該注意其固定搭配。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)回顧: 1、 at可用于表示在某一具體時(shí)刻,在什么年齡、(具體到門牌號(hào)的)地址;in表示在某個(gè)較長時(shí)間(年、月、及泛指的上午、下午、或晚上),還可以用于表示將來一段時(shí)間之后;on表示在具體的時(shí)間或特定的上午、下午、或晚上。 如:He lives at 25, Nanjing road, Shanghai. At the age of 10, he began to le
65、arn English himself. He will be back in two weeks. He suddenly returned on a rainy night. 2. over表示"跨越,從一邊到另一邊";across表示"從平面上橫穿";through表示"從中間穿過"。 誤He helped the old man
66、over the street. 正He helped the old man across the street. 析across表示"橫穿",over表示"翻越"。 誤The guard led us over the forest. 正The guard led us through the forest. 析through表示"從
67、中間穿過"。 3.except表示"除之外";besides表示"除之外;還有",兩個(gè)詞連接的前后兩個(gè)成分均是同類事物;except for"除之外(只是)",連接前后兩個(gè)不表同一類別的事物;but for"要不是",多用于虛擬條件句中。 I have no other friends except Tom. Your composition is good except fo
68、r a few spelling mistakes. But for your help, we would not have finished the work so soon. 典例調(diào)研 例1 Pop songs are popular to young people. towith。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。be popular with sb
69、.意為"受歡迎"。 例2His father was too hard to him. toon。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。be hard on意為"對苛刻"。 例3The work will be finished after two hours. afterin。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。在將來時(shí)中表示一段時(shí)間之后,用介詞in。 例4London is by the river
70、;Thames. byon。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。在河的兩岸,用介詞on。 例5Lets walk over in the sun on the other side of the street. into。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。這兒表示走到陽光里,故用介詞to。 【指導(dǎo)·借鑒】在高考短文改錯(cuò)中,介詞的錯(cuò)誤多是搭配方面的錯(cuò)誤,大家應(yīng)牢記一些介詞的固定搭配,比如動(dòng)詞短語中介詞的搭配,以及介詞跟不同名詞的搭配。 強(qiáng)化闖關(guān) 1. Marys car is
71、160;excellent except the color. 2. Its quite warm today in January. 3. His whole family have gone away on the weekend.4. I know nothing about the accident except for
72、;what I read in the newspaper.5. You mustnt fill in the form with pencil but in ink. 6. She broke the vase just by chance not for purpose. 7. The professor
73、;divided his spare time into walking and writing. 答案與解析: 1.except后加for。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。 句中的car 和color為不同類事物,且具有整體和部分的關(guān)系。 2. infor。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。for 意為"就而言"。句意為:就一月份而言,今天算暖和的了。 3. onfor。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。for表示目的。 4. 去掉for。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。 except 后接賓語從句
74、,前后內(nèi)容為同類。 5. within。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。接具體工具時(shí)用with,如write with a pencil/pen。表示材料時(shí)用in。 6. foron。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。 on purpose固定短語,意為"故意地"。 7. intobetween。介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。此句的意思是:教授把業(yè)余時(shí)間在散步和寫作之間分配,并非把時(shí)間分成散步和寫作,故不用into代詞的誤用 重點(diǎn)詮釋 高考短文改錯(cuò)題所考查的代詞主要是人稱代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞。由于代詞用來代替上文提到的人或
75、物,因而這類錯(cuò)誤同上下文具有密切的關(guān)系,一般較為隱蔽,不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)回顧: 1. some, any some可用于疑問句,表示請求、邀請、建議等;any也可用于肯定句,當(dāng)"任何,任何一個(gè)"講。 誤Would you like any tea? 正 Would you like some tea? 誤You can ask some questions you like. 正 You
76、0;can ask any question you like. 2. none, no one,nothing none既可指人,也可指物,且一定是特指概念,常用來回答how many/much;no one只能指人,且只能是泛指概念,常用來回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nothing"什么也沒有",否定一切,常用來回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。 誤There were 20 people around but no
77、0;one helped the old man. 正 There were 20 people around but none helped the old man. 析此處應(yīng)是特指在場的人,none后面省略了of短語。 誤What is in the box?None. 正What is in the box?Nothing. 析nothing否定一切,回答wha
78、t的提問。 3. more, another 兩個(gè)單詞都可當(dāng)"另外的"講,用來修飾名詞,但位置不同,more多用在名詞之后或數(shù)詞之后,another多用在數(shù)詞之前。 誤We need more three chairs. 正 We need another three chairs. 正 We need three chairs more. 析three more chairs=another
79、160;three chairs=three chairs more。 4. one, ones, it, that, those one用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞,是泛指概念,相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù)名詞;ones用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,也是泛指概念;it用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的事物,是同名同物的替代;that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞,可以是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也可以是不可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于the+(單數(shù)/不可數(shù))名詞;those用來替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞,是特指概念,相當(dāng)于the+名詞復(fù)數(shù),但多用于兩者間的另外一方(一批)。 誤A
80、0;bridge made of stone is stronger than that made of wood. 正 A bridge made of stone is stronger than one made of wood. 析 one 替代的是前面的a bridge, 這里表示一類事物,并不特指其中的一個(gè)。 誤The
81、0;weather in Hangzhou is hotter than in Beijing in summer. 正 The weather in Hangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing in summer. 析比較的對象是"天氣"。 誤My pen is lost, Ill
82、;buy it. 正My pen is lost, Ill buy one. 析it只能代替前面出現(xiàn)的事物,是特指,在此不合句意,因?yàn)槟悴豢赡苜I到你已丟失的那支鋼筆。one是泛指概念,在此符合句意。 5. 反身代詞的用法 反身代詞在句中作賓語、表語或同位語,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 He is old enough to look after himself.(賓語) I am not quite myself
83、0;today. (表語) You should do your homework yourself.(同位語) 典例調(diào)研 例1The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. English 前加my。此句中應(yīng)在 "English"前加物主代詞 "my"。表達(dá)的意思是:在英語演講比賽前,英
84、語老師跟我談話。顯然這位 "English teacher"應(yīng)該是我的英語老師,故少了物主代詞 "my"。 例2The three of them were very excited. themus。代詞指代錯(cuò)誤。原背景短文(略)講述"我們家"三人的情況,而不是別人,因此由上下文知應(yīng)將 "them"改為 "us"。 例3.and I was
85、160;learning to express me in simple English. memyself。代詞用法錯(cuò)誤,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語本身,應(yīng)用反身代詞。 例4One day I wrote a short story and showed to my teacher. showed后加 it。代詞缺少錯(cuò)誤。 showed是及物動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)有賓語。 【指導(dǎo)·借鑒】 代詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中往往較為隱蔽,
86、大家在判斷時(shí)可以從以下角度入手: 1.明確指代。在解答代詞題目時(shí),我們應(yīng)首先分析前后文,明確代詞所指代的對象,從而避免誤判。具體說來應(yīng)從以下幾方面考慮:(1)代詞指代的是人還是物;(2) 代詞指代的是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞;(3)代詞指代的是特指還是泛指概念; (4) 代詞指代的概念是表示兩者之間還是三者或三者以上。(5) 代詞所表示的是肯定還是否定概念。 2.理清邏輯。需要通過分析上下文所蘊(yùn)涵的邏輯關(guān)系才能做出正確判斷。具體說來應(yīng)從以下方面去考慮:(1) 代詞所表示的范圍;(2) 代詞表示的是全部否定還是部分否定。 強(qiáng)化闖關(guān) 1.T
87、eenagers are warned to be careful when making friends online, because when you cant see a person, they could be somebody. 2. Is there somebody else here? If not,
88、0;dont stay here alone. 3. I found a very beautiful sweater in a shop this morning, and Im going to buy one this afternoon. Would you like to go with me? 4
89、. I want to see the manager myself, not his secretary. 5. David has lived in London and Manchester, but he doesnt like every city very much. 6. Take either half
90、 and give other half to your sister. 7. Would you read through my article and correct the mistakes in each line if some. 8. Why dont you trust and use Old Tom?
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