初中英語語法---數(shù)詞(含練習(xí))

1、.中考英語復(fù)習(xí) -數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞可以分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。一、基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目，或者說表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示：1one11eleven100a/one hundred2two12twelve20twenty1,000a/one thousand3three13thirteen30thirty1,000,000a/one million4four14fourteen40forty10,000,000ten million5five15fifteen50fifty100,000,000a/one hundred million6six16sixteen6

2、0sixty1,000,000,000a/one billion7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eithty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten說明：1. 11-19 是由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴 -teen 構(gòu)成。注意 12,13,15,18 的拼寫。2. 20-90（整十）是由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴 -ty 構(gòu)成。注意 20,30,40,50和 80 的拼寫。3. 其他非整十的兩位數(shù)（ 21-99）是由整十?dāng)?shù)加連字符“ -”，再接個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成。Eg. 35: thirty-five79: seventy-nine81: eighty-on

3、e4. 101 999 先寫百位數(shù)， 后加 and，再寫十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)。（百位與十位之間必須加 and）Eg. 108: one hundred and eight691: six hundred and ninety-one5. 1001 及以上數(shù)字：數(shù)字從右往左看，每隔三位劃一逗號(hào)，倒數(shù)第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前加thousand,倒數(shù)第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前加 million ，倒數(shù)第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前加 billion Eg. 1,954: one thousand nine hundred and fifty-four712,564,301: seven hundred and twelve million five

4、 hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and one812,067,331,991: eight hundred and twelve billion sixty-seven million three hundred and thirty-one thousand nine hundred and ninety-one6. “hundreds”, “thousands”,”millions” 后加 of 表示大量的不確定的數(shù)目：Eg: hundreds of people數(shù)以百計(jì)的人thousands of trees成千上萬的樹而表示

5、確定的大量數(shù)目則直接用基數(shù)詞，其后不加s，也不加 of:Eg: two hundred students 兩百個(gè)學(xué)生five thousand years五千年二、序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)詞的順序， 除特殊情況外， 序數(shù)詞一般都是直接在基數(shù)詞后直接加后綴 -th 構(gòu)成。（見下表）第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftieth;.fifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseven

6、thseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth說明：1. 英語表示第一、第二、第三的序數(shù)詞屬于特殊形式：first secondthird2. ve 結(jié)尾的改為 fth3. ty 結(jié)尾的改為 tieth4. 兩位數(shù)以上的序數(shù)詞，僅個(gè)位數(shù)部分用序數(shù)詞，其余部分仍用基數(shù)詞。Eg. fifty-first( 第五十一 )forty-eighth( 第四十八 )6.使用序數(shù)詞時(shí)一般在前面加定冠詞the，如： Im in the third grade.但當(dāng)名詞前有物主代詞、 指

7、示代詞修飾時(shí)，the 一定要省略。如：in his third year7. 序數(shù)詞可縮寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個(gè)字母。Eg. 第一 (the) first(1st)第二 (the)second(2nd)第三 (the)third(3rd)第九十七 (the)ninety-seventh(97th)第一百零一 (the)one hundred and first(101st)8. 編了號(hào)的事物要用基數(shù)詞表示順序，但是基數(shù)詞要后置。第三十二頁： Page 32第 305 房間： Room 305第五課： Lesson Five第 12 路公汽： Bus No.12數(shù)詞的用法：1. 分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法

8、：基數(shù)詞做分子，序數(shù)詞作分母 ;當(dāng)分子超過 1 時(shí)，分母要加“ s” .Eg: 1/5: one fifth2/3: two thirds1/2: one/a half1/4: a quarter/ one fourth3/4: three quarters/ three fourths2. 年月日表達(dá)法：(1)年份用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，分兩位一讀。Eg: 1999: nineteen ninety-nine2000: two thousand2001: two thousand and one2012: twenty twelve/ two thousand and twelve年份前用介詞 in,

9、 如：在 1998 年： in 1998(2)月份名稱的第一個(gè)字母都要大寫，有些月份名稱有縮寫形式。一月 January(Jan)二月 February(Feb)三月 March(Mar)四月 April(Apr)五月 May六月 June七月 July八月 August(Aug)九月 September(Sep)十月 October(Oct)十一月 November(Nov)十二月 December(Dec)表示在某個(gè)月，用介詞inEg. in Octoberin July 2003：在 2003 年 7 月(3)日期的表達(dá)法，日期前要用介詞onston June 1 ：在六月 1 號(hào) 讀作

10、： on June (the) first (4)年月日的表達(dá)法：表示某年某月某日，按“月份 +日期 +年份”或以“日期 +月份 +年份”寫，年份前加逗號(hào)隔開。年月日前面用介詞 onthEg: on 15 August, 2003或 on August 15 , 2003：在 2003 年 8 月 15 日(5)年代和年齡表達(dá)法：;.A. “in+the+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ”，表示年代。Eg.in the 1870s 或 in 1870s (在 19 世紀(jì) 70 年代，讀作： eighteen seventies)B. “in+物主代詞 +數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ”，表示“在某人 多少歲時(shí)” Eg. i

11、n his twenties(在他 20 幾歲時(shí) )3. 時(shí)刻表達(dá)法： (時(shí)刻前用介詞 at)(1) 表示整點(diǎn)時(shí)間，后面可以加 oclock, 也可以不加 oclock 而表示非整點(diǎn)時(shí)間，后面絕對(duì)不能加 oclockEg. at nine(oclock) 在九點(diǎn)(2)非整點(diǎn)時(shí)間（幾點(diǎn)幾分）表達(dá)法：A. 可用基數(shù)詞按順序表達(dá)，也可以用介詞past 或 to 來表達(dá)。若分鐘數(shù)少于 30，用“分鐘數(shù) +past+小時(shí)數(shù)”若分鐘數(shù)大于 30，用“（60-分鐘數(shù)） +to+( 小時(shí)數(shù) +1)” Eg. at 6:18-at six eighteen或 at eighteen past sixEg. at

12、 8:55-at eight fifty-five 或 at five to nine B. a quarter=fifteen minutesEg. 9:15-nine fifteen 或 fifteen past nine 或 a quarter past fifteen Eg. 9:45-nine forty-five 或 fifteen to ten 或 a quarter to ten4. 半數(shù)表達(dá)法： a/one half 一半half an hour 半個(gè)小時(shí)one and a half hours=one hour and a half(一個(gè)半小時(shí) ) two and a ha

13、lf hours=two hours and a half（兩個(gè)半小時(shí)）課堂練習(xí)：一、寫出下列數(shù)字1.622. 1133.6804.第855.999999999999二、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空。1.I am the(two; second) child of my parents.2.Jack is in Class(Eight; Eighth).3.There are(fourth; four) floors in the building.4.Usually it is very cold in the(one; first) month here.5.A man has(ten; tenth

14、) fingers.6.Today is the(two; second) day of the new term.三、用適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)詞填空。1.Tis theletter in the word Christmas.2.TeachersDay is on theof September.3.Womens Day is on theof March.4.There aredays in a week.5.Autumn is theseason of a year.6.November is themonth of a year.7.Tom is nine years old. Today is h

15、isbirthday.8.There areseasons in a year.9.New Years Day is theday of a year.10. There aremonths in a year.11. Themonth of a year is May.12. There areminutes in an hour.;.13. Half of one hundred is.14. There areletters in English alphabet(字母表 ).15. There aredays in February.課后練習(xí) ：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇：1.He lives in.r

16、dA. the Room 203B. Room 203D. 203 RoomC. 203 Room2.There werepeople in the park last Sunday.A. thousandsB. thousand ofC. thousandD. thousands of3.-Peter, how old is your father this year?-. And we just had a party for hisbirthday last weekend.A. Fortieth; fortyB. Forty; fortyC. Forty; fortiethD. For

17、tieth; fortieth4.There aremonths in a year. December is themonth of the year.A. twelve; twelveB. twelve; twelfthC. twelfth; twelveD. twelve; twelveth5.We had learned aboutEnglish words by the end of last term.A. nine hundreds and forty-fiveB. nine hundreds of and forty-fiveC. nine hundred and forty-

18、fiveD. nine hundred and fourty-five6.The farmer keepscows on his farm.A. hundredB. hundred ofC. hundredsD. hundreds of7.visitors come to China every year.A. Thousands ofB. Ten thousandsC. Ten thousand ofD. Thousand of8.-Have you seen the CCTV news on TV?-Yes,children had a good festival on theChildr

19、ens Day.A. millions of; sixtyB. ten million; sixtyC. millions of; sixtiethD. ten millions; sixtieth9.Fathers Day is onSunday of June.A. threeB. thirdC. the thirdD. the three10. The number 999 reads nine.A. hundreds and ninety ninthB. hundreds and ninety-nineC. hundred ninety and nineD. hundred and n

20、inety-nine11. Theword in the word “possible”is “i”.A. fiveB. secondC. twoD. fifth12. -Whatsthe population of China?-It s about.A. thirteen billionB. one billion, three thousand millionC. twelve billion, hundred millionD. one billion, three hundred million13. -Good news! Bill wonmedal in the long jum

21、p just now.-Really? Thats hisone at our sports meeting.A. a; fourB. an; fourthC. a; fourthD. an; four14. Today is my mothersbirthday. I will buy her a gift.A. fourteenB. fourteenthC. fortyD. fortieth15. More than twoyears ago, people knew little about the universe.A. thousandsB. thousandC. thousand

22、ofD. thousands of課堂練習(xí)：一、寫出下列時(shí)間（除整點(diǎn)外，其它時(shí)間寫出兩種表達(dá)方式。）1.4:00;.6. 8:307. 3:4510. 12:37二、翻譯短語1.在 1997年 10月 1日2. 第六單元3. six nine4. 第三小學(xué)5.202 室6. eight to twelve7 九點(diǎn)半8.第十九號(hào)大樓9. No. Twelve Road10. 三點(diǎn)一刻三、單項(xiàng)選擇1.of the boys in this school are fans of Lin Shuhao.A. Two fifthsB. Two fifthC. One thirdsD. Fifths tw

23、o2.They moved to Beijing.A. in 1980sB. in the 1980C. in the 1980sD. on the 1980s3.She is looking after a.A. five-month-old babyB. five month old babyC. five-months-old babyD. five-months-old baby4.-It s10:45 now, isntit?-Yes, its.A. fifteen past ten B. forty-five past ten C. a quarter to ten D. a qu

24、arter to eleven5.Can you imagine what life will be like intime?A. 20 yearsB. 20 yearsC. 20-yearsD. 20-years6.I was born.C. on Oct 8th, 1969 D. on 1969, Oct 8thA. in Oct 8th, 1969 B. in 1969, Oct 8th7.-There are sixty students in our class. Andof us are boys.-Wow! You have forty girls.A. one fourthB.

25、 one thirdC. two fifthsD. two thirds8.-There is a wrong word in Line.-You mean it is in theline?A. Two; twoB. Two; secondC. second; twoD. second; second9.Aboutof the workers in the factoryborn in the.A. two-thirds; were; 1970B. two-third; was; 1970C. two-thirds; were; 1970sD. two-third; was; 1970s10

26、. My friend gets up atin the morning.A. half past seven B. seven past half C. past half seven D. half seven past11. There are fifty students in our class andare boys.A. second threeB. three fifthC. two quarterD. three quarters12. He said he was going to be free in.A. one and a half hour B. one hour

27、and halfC. one and half hours D. an hour and a half13. The Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. on October the first, 1949B. in October the first, 1949C. on October one, 1949D. on October first one, 194914 -Which class won the match in the end?-I m not sure. Perhapsdid.A. Class ThirdB. Third Cla

28、ssC. Class ThreeD. Three Class;.15. I got a good present on mybirthday.A. nineB. ninthC. the nineD. the ninth課后練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇1.These potatoes are for.A. we twoB. three usC. three weD. us three2.She cantdo so much. She is only.A. a twelve years old girlB. a twelve years old girlC. a girl of twelfthD. a girl

29、 of twelve3.Mrs Lee goes to help Mr Black.A. once a monthB. a month onceC. a month oneD. one a month4.Water covers theof the earth.A. two thirdB. two threeC. onethirdsD. two thirds5.Look,are shouting at him.A. hundred people B. hundreds of peopleC. hundred ofpeople D. hundredspeople6.Christmas is onof December.A. twenty-fiveB. the twenty-fifthC. twenty-fifthD. the twentieth fifth7.-How can I get to the supermarket?-Go along this street and turn left atcrossi