獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常見類型及其用法

1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常見類型及其用法獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由一個相當(dāng)于主語的名詞或代詞加上非謂語動詞、形容詞（副）詞、或介詞短語構(gòu)成的 一種獨立成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，也不是從句，所以它內(nèi)部的動詞不能考慮其時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，它 與其主句之間既不能通過并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，常用逗號與其主句隔開。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 在很多情況下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或其他狀語形式，但很多時候不能轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞形式，因為它內(nèi)部 動詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致。在做這類題目時一定要小心判斷，不能粗心大意。一、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式1、邏輯主語+V-ing這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動作不是整句主語

2、發(fā)出的動作，而是其邏 輯主語發(fā)出的動作。如：1. no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was2. no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3. unday, the library doesn't open.A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4.Sunday, the library doesn't

3、 open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is2、邏輯主語+V-ed該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作承受者。如：1., the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2., the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal givenC.Giving the signalD.After the signa

4、l was given3., the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4., the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new w

5、ords3、邏輯主語+形容詞（副詞）該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個未帶動詞的主一系一表”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1., the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2., the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better con

6、ditions3., we ' d like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK4., we ' d like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5., you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B6., so

7、 you can wait a whileA.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on 4、邏輯主語+介詞短語 該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于不帶動詞的主一系一介詞短語”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1. The boy followed the nobleman here,.A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand2. The boy followed the noble

8、man here.A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand3. He left the office, .A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes4. He left the office.A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.bei

9、ng tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因狀語該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語時相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：1、no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B2.Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B3., I had to ask for two days' leave.A.Mother bei

10、ng ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C4., we have to work late into the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C2、時間狀語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時間狀語時相當(dāng)于一個由when, as soon as, after等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如：1., the train started.A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Give

11、n the signal D.A and B2., the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above3、條件狀語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語時可以改為由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如：1., we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permittin

12、g D.A and B2., the patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C4、伴隨狀語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語時相當(dāng)于一個介詞短語或并列謂語。如：1. We have lessons every day,.A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above2. The boy fe

13、ll asleep,.A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above3. Father came home,A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the abovewith +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)常見類型及其用法“with +復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)是指“with殯語（名詞或代詞）+非謂語動詞（分詞、不定式）、介詞短語、形 容詞或副詞等”所構(gòu)成的一種介詞短語。該結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部若是動詞，則其非謂語形式的選用要

14、注意三點：若內(nèi)部 動詞表示將來（無論主動還是被動），則用不定式；若內(nèi)部動詞表示被動且屬過去，則用過去分詞；若內(nèi)部動詞表示持續(xù)主動動作，則用現(xiàn)在分詞。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作以下幾種成分:1、原因狀語1. With the man us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A.To guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To have guide2. With a lot of work, she doesn' t have timA.to dst. B.to be done C.doing D.done3. With t

15、he machine all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working2、時間狀語1. The street looks more beautiful with all the lights.A.are onB.on C.to be on D.been on2. With our problem, we all felt happy.A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled3. With

16、his work, the secretary began to walk home. A.to doB.doing C.done D.to be done3、伴隨狀語 1.She left the offices with tears.A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes D.to be in eyes2. The man found the door with both his eyes.A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing3. We felt uncomfortable with two

17、 waitresses.A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by4. The murderer was brought in, with his hands.A.to be tied behind B. tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind5. You can' t see well.A. with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.with

18、 the glasses4、后置定語1. Do you know the man a book in his hand? A.withB.having C.being D.A and B2. Please offer your seat to the woman a baby in her arms.A.carryingB.having C.with D.all theabove分詞、獨立主格和“with +復(fù)合賓語”作狀語的區(qū)別分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)在句中均可作狀語，其區(qū)別是這樣的：一、分詞在句中作狀語時句子的主語是分詞的邏輯主語，即主句主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)

19、在分詞） 或動作承受者（用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動式）。這種情況下的分詞短語可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列 謂語。分詞短語在句中常作以下狀語：1、原因狀語1.late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B2. busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above2、時間狀語1. the students' homework, the teacher found a lot o

20、f mistakes.A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above2. by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.D.all the aboveA.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised3、條件狀語1. more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is givenB.If given C.Given D.all the a

21、bove2. another chance, I'll do my job better.A.If I haveB.If having C.Having D.all the above4、伴隨狀語1. Father came back,a bag of money on his left shoulder.A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carrying D.all the above2. Father came back,by a monkey.A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was f

22、ollowed D.all the above二、 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和 with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語時，這種結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語的邏輯主語不是整句的主語，即主句主語與分詞的邏輯主語不一致。如：1., we ' ll go fishing in the country.A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting2., he finished playing the game of chess.A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes close

23、d C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes3., I couldn ' t get the book I wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing三、 使用分詞短語、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語時要注意：它們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞(如 when, if, as soon as, as, while 等)或并列連詞(如 and, but, or, so 等)。例如：1. the teacher told the clas

24、s to go through the textA.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above2. a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.A.It beingB.Being C.It was D.all the above3. As a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above四、 在使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語時，一定要看句子主語同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。1、當(dāng)句子主語與