新牛津譯林版8Bunit4-知識點(A)(共8頁)

1、 8Bunit 4 A good read <A>一 短語歸納 1 do with處理 2give sth. to sb.給某人某物3 be interested in對感興趣 4in ones spare time在某人空閑時間5 be tired out筋疲力盡 6by the time到的時候7 fall down倒下 8.wake up醒來9 stand up站起來，起立 10. look down向下看11.all over遍及 12. shout at sb朝某人喊13 talk to sb.和某人交談 14. run away逃跑15 hand in上交 16so f

2、ar到目前為止17 fall over摔倒 18at first起初19 ask for請求（給予） 20. by the way順便問一下21.on time準(zhǔn)時 22in the future將來23at a time每次 24. low long多長時間，多久25for example例如 26.look for尋找27the same as和一樣 28an army of 一大群29. and so on等等 30. less than不到，少于31. more than超過，多于 32open up開啟，開創(chuàng)33publishing house出版社 34translate. . .

3、 Into. .把¨譯成35be tied to the ground被捆綁到地上 36sharewith. . . 與分享37get away離開 38. different types of不同類型的二重要句型1Have you decided what to do with these books,Hobo? (1) what to do with these books是“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式可以和疑問代詞who , what , which及疑問副詞when,how,where連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中，擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語等成分。 What to do is

4、a big problem.(做主語) I know how to pronounce the word.（作賓語） Can you tell me how to get to the post office?（作賓語補(bǔ)足語） The question is where to buy the dictionary.（作表語）(2) do with ：在問句中多和what連用，常譯作“處理，安排，容忍，與相處”等。如： What shall I do with it?我該怎樣處置它呢？ 拓展）deal with在問句中多和how連用，其基本意思有“應(yīng)付，處理，論述，涉及”等。如：Deal wit

5、h a man as he deals with you.以其人之道，還治其人之身。2. I didnt know you liked books!我原來不知道你喜歡書！這是一個含有賓語從句(you liked books)的主從復(fù)合句。賓語從句，就是用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語，放在謂語動詞的后面。賓語從句要注意以下幾個問題：(1) 引導(dǎo)詞：當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that?？墒÷?。eg: I know that the boy is from Japan.當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)。 eg: I want to know if he will come ba

6、ck tomorrow.當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，用疑問詞引導(dǎo) eg:He didnt know when his mother was born.(2) 語序： 賓語從句一定要用陳述句的語序。你能告訴我他昨晚待在哪里嗎？(,/)Can you tell me where he stayed last night?(X)Can you tell me where did he stay last night?(3) 時態(tài)：當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時時，從句用所需的任何時態(tài)；當(dāng)主句是過去時時，從句用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。Eg:He said he was playing games at that time.

7、當(dāng)賓語從句是客觀真理或客觀事實時，用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。Eg:Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.3. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. reach此處用作及物動詞，意為“接觸，拿到”?！就卣埂縭each作及物動詞，還意為“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”，后面跟表示地點的名詞。Eg:They reached London last night.4. The Hunchback of Notre Dame by the French writer Victor Hugo is gr

8、eat.法國作家維克多，雨果的巴黎圣母院很棒。French此處用作形容詞，意為“法國的，法國人的”。Eg:Do you like French bread?【拓展】French作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“法語”。My uncle can speak French.Frenchman可數(shù)名詞，意為“法國人，法國男人”，復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchmen; Frenchwornan“法國女人”，復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchwomen。France名詞，意為“法國”。5. The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me.丑男人卡西莫多的故事確實觸動了我。tou

9、ched是動詞touch的過去式。此處用作及物動詞，意為“觸動，感動”，在語氣上比move要弱一些.Eg:The brave mother touched everyone.6. After our ship crashed against the rocks,I swam as far as I could.當(dāng)我們的船撞到礁石損壞之后，我奮力前游。(1) crash(crashed，crashed)用作不及物動詞，意為“碰撞，倒下，墜落，（飛機(jī)）墜毀”。The plane crashed in the mountains那架飛機(jī)在山中墜毀了。(2) against介詞，意為“緊靠，碰，撞”。

10、The rain beat against the windows.雨點打在窗戶上。My bike hit against a tree我的自行車撞到了一棵樹上。be against反對；違背 It is quite against the school rules.這完全違反校規(guī)。(3) as. . . as one can/could表示“盡某人所能”，相當(dāng)于asas possible. Please come as early as you can. =Please come as early as possible7. By the time I finally felt the la

11、nd under my feet,I was tired out.等到我終于感覺到腳下的陸地時，我已筋拔力盡。（1） by the time意為“到時為止”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 By the time I came in,Tom had written his name on the blackboard. （2） be tired out意為“筋疲力盡”。 I was tired out when we got back from the long climb.【拓展】be tired of意為“對感到厭煩，厭倦”。 Kitty was tired of eggs基蒂厭倦了吃雞蛋。8.I w

12、oke up as the sun was rising當(dāng)太陽升起時我醒了過來（1） wake up”醒來”，在此用作不及物動詞短語，此時后面不加賓語；還可用作及物動詞短語，后可跟賓語，意為“把叫醒”，若賓語為代詞，則要放在wake和up中間。Eg:I usually wake up at six in the morning. Mum,will you please wake me up earlier tomorrow morning?（2）as連詞，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 As time goes on，he knows his students.隨著時間的推移，他了解了他

13、的學(xué)生。（3） rise(rose，nsen，rising)不及物動詞，意為“升起，上升”。Eg:The water in the river rose after the heavy rain. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. raise 及物動詞 意為“提高，籌集，抬起，舉起”Eg:The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions. The workers want the boss to raise their wages. We should try o

14、ur best to raise more money for the poor family.9. My arms,legs and hair were tied to the ground!句中的tie(tied，tied，tying)用作及物動詞，意為“捆，綁，系”。tieto意為“把系拴到上”。be tied to是它的被動語態(tài)，意為“被捆拴到上”。Please tie the tree to the stick to keep it straight.請把樹綁到木棍上，使樹直立。The dog was tied to the tree狗被拴到了樹上。【拓展】tie還可用作可數(shù)名詞，意

15、為“領(lǐng)帶，帶子”。 He is wearing a blue tie.他打著一條藍(lán)領(lǐng)帶。10. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它向上爬過我的腹部和脖子，直到站在我的臉附近。until用作連詞，意為“直到為止，其主要用法有：(1) 與延續(xù)性動詞連用時，表示“直到”，動詞用肯定形式，指主句的動作一直持續(xù)到until后的動作發(fā)生為止。We walked until it got dark.我們一直走到天黑。Go straight on until you come to the whit

16、e building.繼續(xù)走，直到你來到那座白色的樓前。（2） notuntil意為“直到才”The little girl didnt stop crying until she saw her mother.那小女孩直到看到她媽媽才不哭了?！就卣埂縰ntil也可作介詞，意為“直到為止”。 We talked until 10 0clock.我們一直談到10點鐘。11. He was the same size as my little finger!他不過就我小手指那么點大！the same size as意為“和一樣尺寸，與一樣大小”。My mothers shoes are the s

17、ame size as mine我媽媽的鞋和我的鞋號碼相同?！就卣埂縯he same as意為“和一樣”。 My uniform is the same as Simons.我的校服與西蒙的（校服）相同。the sameas，一意為“和一樣“翻譯：我的外套和你的顏色相同。_12. There were around 40 0f them.有大約40個。around既可作介詞，又可作副詞。具體用法:(1) 介詞，意為“大約”，相當(dāng)于about。 My uncle and aunt arrived at around 10 oclock.(2) 介詞，意為“遍及，在四周”。 There are m

18、any trees around the house.(3) 副詞，意為“在周圍，到處，四周”。 I looked around, but saw nothing.13.I shouted at them-the loud noise made them all fall over.(1) shout at意為“沖大喊大叫” eg: Dont shout at others. It is impolite. (2)辨析：noise，voice與sound(3)make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,省略to的動詞不定式在make后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。【拓展】除省略to的動詞不定式外，形容詞

19、、名詞等也可在make后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 Light music makes me happy.(2013 .重慶)He lost his key.It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A.to stay B stayed Cstays DStay(4) fall over意為“摔倒”。 He fell over when he was skating.他溜冰的時候摔倒了。【拓展】fall off意為“（從上）捧下” The boy fell off the tree yesterday.fall down意為“摔倒；落下

20、；倒塌”。fall behind意為“落后”。如果你學(xué)習(xí)不努力，你會落在同學(xué)后面._14. However,they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而，他們很快又爬了起來，繼續(xù)在我的身體上走動。Continue此處用作及物動詞，意為“繼續(xù)”。continue doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”,contmue后也可跟動詞不定式，continue to do sth.也表示“繼續(xù)做某事”。15. One of these small men began talking to me”one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞代詞”作主

21、語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Eg：One of my hobbies is playing basketball.【拓展】one of后的名詞前經(jīng)常用形容詞最高級修飾，即“one of+the十形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，意為“最的之一”。翻譯：天津是中國最大的城市之一。_16. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. 我盡力掙脫一只手，最后設(shè)法弄斷了繩索。（1）try to do sth.意為“盡力做某事，努力做某事”。 try doing sth. 意為“嘗試著做某事“。（2） manage

22、to do sth.意為“設(shè)法做成某事”。The box was very heavy but he managed to carry it，這個箱子很重，但是他設(shè)法搬動了。17. When I lifted my left hand into the air當(dāng)我把我的左手舉到空中時¨句中的lift用作及物動詞，意為“舉起，抬高；提高”。Can you help me lift the bike onto the truck?你能幫我把自行車抬到卡車上去嗎？【拓展】lift作可數(shù)名詞，意為“電梯”。Well take a lift to go up and down.我們將乘電梯上下樓。18. Keep doing something 一直做某事keep doing sth.意為“不斷地做某事，一直做某事”。The boy kept crying.那個男孩不停地哭。【拓展】keep on doing sth.意為“反復(fù)做某事”。Prices keep on increasing物價不停地上漲。keep sb. from doing sth.意為“阻止某