[精選]初中英語語法(考點)大全--資料

1、初中英語語法匯總一詞類 (Parts of Speech)2二名詞 (Nouns)2三代詞 (Pronouns)4四數(shù)詞 (Numeral)4五動詞 (Verb)5六介詞 (Prepositions)6七冠詞（ Articles ）7八形容詞（ The Adjective）8九句子的種類 (Kinds of Sentences)9十一般疑問句和特殊疑問句9考試常用關(guān)鍵詞匯（完備）11一詞類 (Parts of Speech)名詞英文名稱 The Noun( 縮寫為 n.) 表示人或事物的名稱，例詞boy clock book 等；代詞英文名稱 The Pronoun(縮寫為 pron 用來代替

2、名詞、形容詞或是數(shù)詞，例詞we that his what ；數(shù)詞英文名稱 The Numeral( 縮寫為 num.) 表示數(shù)量或是順序，例詞one thirteen first ；動詞英文名稱 The Verb( 縮寫為 v.) 表示動作或狀態(tài)，例詞 sit go be(am is are);介詞英文單詞 The Preposition( 縮寫為 prep.)表示名詞、代詞等和句中其他詞的關(guān)系，例詞in on of tounder；冠詞英文名稱 The Article( 縮寫為 art.) 用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人和或事物，例詞a(an),the；形容詞英文名稱 The Adject

3、ive( 縮寫為 adj.) 用以修飾名詞 ,表示人或事物的特征，例詞old red fine good ；副詞英文名稱 The Adverb( 縮寫為 adv.) 修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，例詞not too here very;連詞英文單詞 The Conjunction( 縮寫為 conj.) 用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句與句，例詞and or but；感嘆詞英文單詞 The Interjection( 縮寫為 interj.) 表示說話時的喜悅、驚訝等情感。例詞 oh hello hi er ；二名詞 (Nouns)1.總的說來,名詞分專有名詞和普通名詞兩類。專有名詞:表示具體的人

4、,事物 ,地點或機構(gòu)的專有名稱。Lucy ， China中國， Asia亞洲，Beijing北京。專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫；普通名詞:表示某些人,某類事物,某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。例如 : teacher老師，tea茶，reform改革，普通名詞又可進一步分為四類；1) 個體名稱:表示單個的人和事物。house馬car汽車room房間apple蘋果fun風(fēng)扇picture照片2) 集體名稱 : 表示一群人或一些事物的名稱。 people 人們 family 家庭 army 軍隊 government 政府 group 集團3) 物質(zhì)名詞 :表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形狀和大小的個體的物質(zhì)。fir

5、e 火steel 鋼air 空氣water 水milk牛奶4) 抽象名詞 :表示動作 ,狀態(tài) ,品質(zhì)或其他抽象概念。 labour 勞動 health 健康 life 生活 friendship 友情 patience 耐力2.名詞按其所表現(xiàn)的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞 (Countable Nouns) 有復(fù)數(shù)形式 ,如:an apple，two apples， a car， some cars 不可數(shù)名詞 (Uncountable Nouns) 一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 .抽象名詞 , 物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞。sand 沙sugar 糖少數(shù)名詞即可作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不

6、可數(shù)名詞但含義不同。glass 玻璃 , glass 玻璃杯, paper 紙 , paper報紙文件名詞的功能名詞在句中作主語, 賓語 ,介詞賓語,賓語補助語,表語以及名詞短語作狀語。The bag is in the desk. bag 作主語 (書包在桌子里邊)I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作賓語 (昨天我洗了我的衣服)This is a good book. book作表語 (這是一本好書 )We elected him our monitor. monitor作賓語補助語 (我們選他為我們的班長Mary lives with her p

7、arents. parents 作介詞賓語 (瑪麗和她的父母親住在一起He is a Party member. Party 作定語 (他是一名黨員 )They study hard day and night. day and night 作狀語 (他們白天黑夜地學(xué)習(xí))3.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)(the Singular Nunmber) 和復(fù)數(shù) (the Plural Number) 兩種形式。名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式(The Plural Form Nouns) 的部分規(guī)則如下:1) 一般情況下 ,在詞尾加-s. 例如 : bags， maps， pens，desks， workers2)以 s,sh,c

8、h,x 等結(jié)尾的詞加 -es.例如 :buses watchesboxes3)以 ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加 -s.例如 :licencesblousesoranges4)以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的詞變 y 為 i 再加 -es.例如 :babiesfamilies5)名詞以 -f 或 -fe 結(jié)尾的 ,把 -f 或 -fe 變成 -ves. bookshelves， wives， knives注 :英語中有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,需要一一記憶常見的有，man - menwoman - womenfoot - feettooth - teethmouse - niceox -

9、oxensheep - sheepdear - dearfish - fish英語中有些名詞總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。scissors 剪刀goods 貨物trousers 褲子clothes 衣服glasses玻璃杯4.名詞的所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)在英語中 ,名詞的格有三個,主格 ,賓格和所有格。它們的形式及其變化表示與其他詞的關(guān)系。實際上, 主格和賓格通過它在句中的作用和位置來確定。The bird is in the tree.鳥在樹上。bird作主語,是主格。I saw a film yesterday.昨天我看了一場電影。film作賓語,是賓格。

10、名詞的所有格: 名詞中表示所有關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞所有格。Lu Xun's book is worth reading.魯迅的書值得一讀。This is my father's room.這是我父親的房間。名詞所有格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞加 's 例詞 :Mike's father以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加 '例詞 :the teachers' room不以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加 's 例詞 :men'swomen's三代詞 (Pronouns)1.人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)第一人稱單數(shù)主格第二人稱單數(shù)主格第三人稱

11、單數(shù)主格I( 復(fù)數(shù) We)單數(shù)賓格 me(復(fù)數(shù) us)you(復(fù)數(shù) you)單數(shù)賓格 you( 復(fù)數(shù) you)he,she,it(復(fù)數(shù) they)單數(shù)賓格 him,her,it( 復(fù)數(shù)them)2.物主代詞 (Possessive Pronouns)形容詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)my( 復(fù)數(shù) our)形容詞性物主代詞第二人稱單數(shù)your( 復(fù)數(shù) your)形容詞性物主代詞第三人稱單數(shù)his,her,its( 復(fù)數(shù) their)名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)mine(復(fù)述 ours)名詞性物主代詞第二人稱單數(shù)yours(復(fù)數(shù) yours)名詞性物主代詞第三人稱單數(shù)his,hers,its(復(fù)數(shù) the

12、irs)四數(shù)詞 (Numeral)表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞 (Cardinal Numbers)1 one 2 two3three4four5five 6six11eleven12twelve13thirteen20twenty21twenty-one40fouty100one hundred序數(shù)詞（ Ordinal Numbers ）序數(shù)詞表示事物的順序，往往與定冠詞the 連用。fist1sttwentieth20thsecond2ndtwenty-first21ththird3ndthirieth

13、30thfourth4ndthirty-ninth39thfifth5ndfortieth40thsixth6thfiftieth50thseventh7thsixtieth60theighth8thseventieth70thnineth9thninetieth80thtenth10thhundredth100theleventh 11thone hundred and first 101sttwelfth12th五動詞 (Verb)一般現(xiàn)在時 (The Simple Present Tense)一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),如 :He is twelve.She is at home.表示經(jīng)常

14、的或是習(xí)慣性的動作,如 :I go to school at 7:30 every day.表示主語具備的的性格和能力等,如 :She like apple.They know English.1.動詞 be(Verb to be)肯定式 I am. 否定 I am not.肯定式 You are. 否定式 You are not.肯定式 He/She/It is. 否定式 He/She/It is not.疑問句和簡略答語Am I .?Yes,you are./No,I you are not.Are you.?Yes,I am./No,I am not.2.There be 結(jié)構(gòu)"

15、;There is/are+ 某物 /某人 +某地 /某時 "這樣一種句型 ,大致相當于漢語" 某地 / 某時有某物 /某人 " 的說法 .句子的 is/are 和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)方面必須是一致 .肯定式 :There is(There's)a table in your room.There are(There're)some pencils on the desk.否定式 :There is not(There isn't)any cats here.There are not(aren't)any cats here.疑問式

16、和簡略答語Is there a ruler in your bag?Yes,there is./No,there is not(isn't).Are there any people in that house?Yes,there are./No,there are not(aren't).How many kites are there in the sky?There are thirteen.六介詞 (Prepositions)介詞一般用于名詞或代詞前,表示該詞與句子其他成分的關(guān)系.介詞后面的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語.介詞和介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語.本冊課本出現(xiàn)的介詞短語如

17、下:at: at homeat schoolat six thirtybehindbehind the door/treebehind one's chairbesidebeside the doorbeside the housefromfrom one to a hundredinin Row/Team/Class/Grade4in one's school/grade/class/team/romin your desk/pencil-box/bedroomin the picturein the same class in different classesin Eng

18、lishin the hat in the morning/afternoonlike:like this/thatnear:near the windownear the doorof:a picture of a classrooma map of Chinathe name of her catthe wall of their classroononon the desk/chairon the flooron the wallon the bikeon the dutyto(a quarter)to ten (go)to school/bed/workunderunder the d

19、esk/tableunder the tree/windowunder one's chair/bed(1) 表示時間：at: 表示某一時間點,如： at noonon: 表示特定的日子,如： on Christmasin: 表示一段不具體的時間,如：in the morning ， in the Second world war如表示在某一特定的早上、下午則用on如： on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morningduring:表示期間內(nèi)的某個時期,如 : during the night, during the Se

20、cond World Warfor: 其后接表示一段時間長度的詞through: 表示在整個期間沒有間歇,如：,例：for three daysIt snowed through the night.till/until:表示動作持續(xù)的終點,例： I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.by: 表示動作完成期限,例：I'll be back by five o'clock.since: 表示某動作的起始點,例： I have studied English since 1990 (2) 表示地點：at: 表示較小的地點

21、,如：arrived at the school gatein: 表示較大的地點,如：arrived in Shanghaifor: 表示目的地 ,例：I'll leave for Shanghai.above: 表示上面，上方，其反意詞是belowover: 表示垂直上方，其反意詞是under,例： The dog jumped over the table.through: 表示穿過 ,如：through the forestacross: 表示平原上的跨越,例：I want to walk across the road.七冠詞（ Articles）冠詞是一種虛詞，讓在名詞的前面

22、，幫助說明名詞的含義，冠詞分不定冠詞(The Indefinite Article)和定冠詞（ The Define Article ）兩種， a（ an）是不定冠詞。a 用在輔音之前，如：a road,a boy； an;用在元音之前，如：an hour； an old man等； the 是定冠詞。1.不定冠詞的用法用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，指人或事物的某一種類。Susan is a scientist.Pass me an orange,please.指某人或某事，但不具體說明何人或何物。A boy is looking for you。We work five days a week。

23、表示 “一 ”這個數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強烈。We aregoing to have an English lesson tomorrow 。I have a mouth， a nose， two eyes and two ears。用于某些固定的詞組中。a few ， a little ， a lot of，a moment ago2.定冠詞的用法。特指某些人或某些事物Show me the photo of the boy 。The book on the desk is mine 。指雙方都知一 .形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(The Comparative and Superla

24、tive Degrees of Adjective and Adverbs)大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級：1)原級，即原形。2)比較級，表示“較 ”或 “更 一些 ”的意思。3)最高級，表示“最 ”的意思。八形容詞（ The Adjective）1.形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成(1) 規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加 -er 或 -estcoldcoldercoldeststrongstrongerstrongestfastfasterfastestslowslowslowest以字母 e 結(jié)尾的形容詞，加-r 或 -stnicenicernicestlargelargerlar

25、gest重讀閉音節(jié)詞只有一個輔音字母時，應(yīng)先雙寫輔音字母，再加-er 或-estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以 “輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改“y為”“i，”再加 -er 或 -esteasyesaiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少數(shù)以 -er， -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞clever(聰明的 )未尾加 -er， -estclevercleverercleverestnarrow narrowernarrowest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加 mor

26、e 或 mostdeliciousmore deliciousmost deliciousinterestingmore interestingmost intertingeasilymore easilymost easilycarefullymore carefullymost carefully(2) 不規(guī)則變化good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的用法比較級：表示兩者（人或事物）的比

27、較Mr King is taller than Mr ReadThis mooncakes is nicer than that one 。The tractor is going faster than the bike 。最高級：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比較，其中有一個在某一方面超過其他幾個時，用最高級。最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞the。后面可帶of（ in）短語來說明比較的范圍。Whose drawing is he best of all?She is the youngest in the class.The taxi is going ghe fastest.Mr Qin

28、is walking tje slowest of all.注：在形容詞和副詞的比較級前，有時可以用much， a little 等來修飾，如： much bettera little taller九句子的種類 (Kinds of Sentences)英語的句子按照用途可分為以下四類:陳述句用途是用來說明事實或說話人的看法例句 :I can see a map on the wall.,I think it's his.疑問句用途是用來提出問題 . 例句 :Are you Mr Green?,Can you find it ? How old are you?祈使句用途是用來表示請求和

29、命令. 例句 : Sstand up.Come in,please.,Let's play games.感嘆句用途是用來表達強烈的感情. 例句 :What a fine day it is!,How beautiful the flowers are!十一般疑問句和特殊疑問句一般疑問句子和特殊疑問句一般疑問句（General Question）一般是指用Yes 或 No 回答的疑問句。例如： Is she at school today? Yes,she is/No,she isn't.Can you see a pencile on the desk?Yes,I can./N

30、o,I can't.Do you play football? Yes,they do./No,they don't.特殊疑問句是以特殊疑問詞開頭的疑問句.考試常用關(guān)鍵詞匯（完備）1(see 、 hear 、 notice 、find 、feel 、 listen to、 look at ( 感官動詞 )+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump2（比較級and 比較級）表示越來越怎么樣3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 贊成某人5 all kinds of各種各樣 a kind of一樣

31、6 all over the world = the whole world整個 世界7 along with同 一道，伴隨 eg : I will go along with you 我將和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹8As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for求助 向 要 （直接接想要的東西）eg : ask you for my book11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 詢問

32、某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of 在 歲時 eg： I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen14 at the beginning of的起初； 的開始15 at the end of + 地點 /+時間最后；盡頭；末尾eg : At the end of the day16 at this time of year在每年的這個時候17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 從句 感覺 /對什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confide

33、nt of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test18 be + doing表： 1 現(xiàn)在進行時2 將來時19 be able to (+ v 原 ) = can (+ v原）能夠 eg : She is able to sing She can sing20 be able to do sth 能夠干什么eg :she is able to sing21 be afraid to do (of sth恐懼，害怕 eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog2

34、2 be allowed to do被允許做什么eg: I'm allowed to watch TV我被允許看電視I should be allowed to watch TV我應(yīng)該被允許看電視23 be angry with sb生某人的氣eg : Don't be angry with me24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth為什么而生某人的氣25 be as原級 as 和什么一樣eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離28 be away

35、from 從 離開29 be bad for 對什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 當心；小心33 be different from和什么不一樣34 be famous for以 著名35 be friendly to sb對某人友好36 be from = come from來自eg ： He is from Bejing He comes fr

36、om Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he comefrom Bejing ?37 be full of裝滿 的 be filled with充滿eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 be glad+to+do/ 從句39 be going to + v( 原）將來時40 be good at(+doing) = do well in在某方面善長 , 善于 41 be good for 對什么有好處eg : Reading aloud is good for your En

37、glish42 be happy to do 很高興做某事43 be helpful to sb對某人有好處eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you大聲朗讀對你有好處Exercising is helpful to your bady鍛煉對你的身體有好處44 be in good health 身體健康45 be in trouble處于困難中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣47 be late for = come late to遲到eg: Be late

38、 for class 上課遲到48 be like 像 eg : I'm like my mother49 be mad at 生某人的氣50 be made from 由 制成 (制成以后看不見原材料)51 be made of 由 制成 (制成以后還看得見原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定53 be on a visit to參觀 54 be popular with sb受某人歡迎55 be quiet 安靜56 be short for 表 * 的縮寫eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry

39、to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you61 be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles62 be strict with sb對某人要求嚴格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學(xué)生對自己不嚴格63 be strict w

40、ith sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表確定66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learningEnglish well67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test

41、我相信他能通過考試69 be sure to do sth 一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試We are sure tolearn English well我們一定能學(xué)好英語70 be terrified of +名/動 doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as和什么一樣73 be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習(xí)慣早He is used to sl

42、eeping in class 他習(xí)慣上課睡覺74 be worth doing值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth害怕做某事be afraid of sth害怕某物be afraid that叢句76 because+句子because of +短語eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start with =begin with以什么開始什么 eg : Let's b

43、egin the game with the song I begin to go home78 between and 兩者之間79 borrow sth from sb 向 借 lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給 什么東西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen80 both = the same(as) = not different(from)表相同81 bother 打擾bother sb to do stheg : I'm sorry to bot

44、her you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了 He's bothering me to lend him money82 by the end of到 為止83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang84 care 關(guān)心eg : Don't you care about this country's future ? 你為什么

45、不關(guān)心國家的未來85 catch up with sb趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地87 come in 進 88 come over to 過來89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一個好辦法嗎？90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州？92 dance to 隨著 跳舞 eg : She

46、 likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞93 decide to do sth決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調(diào)查 95 do better in在 方面做得更好96 do wrong 做錯97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意 99 each +名（單）每一個 eg : Each student has many books 每一個學(xué)生都有一些書100 end up +doing 101enjoy +doing 喜歡102

47、escape from 從 逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down摔下來fall off從哪摔下來105 fall in love withsb /sth 愛上什么106 far from離某地遠eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣108 find sb/sth +adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg : I find the book intere

48、sting 109 finish完成 +doing （名詞）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb適合某人111 forget to do沒有做而忘了forget doing做了而又忘了eg: Don'tforget to go home I forget closing door 112 from從某某到某to某 eg: From me for her113 get /have sth down做完，被（別人）做 eg: I have my hair cut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫(yī)拔掉了）114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb與某人相處得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for 為什么而準備 eg : I getready for mat