英國文學(xué)史詩歌分析

1、! sonnet 18william shakespeareshall i compare thee to a summers day?(could i compare you to the time of summer?)thou art more lovely and more temperate:(you are more lovely and more gentle and mild than the days)(rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,(the wild winds shakes the favorite flower

2、s of may.)and summer's lease hath all too short a date:(and the duration of summer has a limited period of time)sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,(sometimes the sun shining is too hot.)and often is his gold complexion dimmed;(or often goes behind the clouds/)and every fair from fair some

3、time declines,(and everything beautiful will lose its beauty.)by chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;(by misfortune or by nature planned out course)but thy eternal summer shall not fade ,(but your youth shall not fade)nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;(nor will you lose th

4、e beauty that you possessed)nor shall death brag thou wandefrest in his shade,(nor will death claim you for his own)when in eternal lines to time thou growst(because in my eternal verse you will live forever)so long as men can breathe or eyes can see,(so long as the men can live in the world with si

5、ght and breath)so long lives this, and this gives life to thee.(this poem will exist and you will live in forever.)a) the author of the poem is william shakespeare .it is a typical english sonnet, the rhyme scheme of the poem is "abab cdcd efef ggm>b) on the surface the poem is simply a stat

6、ement to praise the beauty of the young man. but the more important is the poet wants to show the power of the poem which can defy time and last forever. the stability of love and its power to immortalize the subject of the poets verse is the theme.2. on his blindness想到了在這茫茫黑暗的世界里 述未到半生這兩眼就已失明， 想到了我

7、的才能，要是埋起來,會招致死亡，卻放在我手里無用, 雖然我一心想用它服務(wù)造物主，免得報賬時，得不到他的寬容；john miltonwhen i consider how my light is spentere half my days, in this dark world and wideand that one talent which is death to hide ,lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent to serve therewith my maker, and present my true account, le

8、st he, returning chide；"doth god exact day-labor, light denied?ni fondly ask. but patience, to preventthat murmur, soon replies, hgod doth not need1'”神不給我光明，述讓我做日工？想到這, 我愚蠢地自問.但“忍耐”看我在抱怨， 立刻止住我，神并不要你工作，或還他禮物。誰最能服從他，誰就是忠于職守， 他君臨萬方，只要他一聲吩咐， 萬千個天使就趕忙在海陸奔馳，?！?但侍立左右的，也還是為他服務(wù)either man's work

9、 or his own gifts.； who best bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. his state is kingly. thousands at his bidding speedand post or land and ocean without rest:they also serve who only stand and wait.11a) the author of this poem is john milton. the name of this poem is on his blindness.b) it is a f

10、amous italian sonnet ,and the rhyme scheme of the poem is abba abba cde cde.c) the paraphrase of this poem :d) in the sonnet、the speaker meditates on the fact that he has become blind .he expresses his frustration at being prevented by his disability from serving god as well as he desires to . he is

11、 answered by "patience j who tells him that god has many who hurry to do his bidding , and doesnot really need man's work . what valued is the ability to bear god's "mild yoke； to tolerate whatever god asks faithfully and without complaint. this poem presents a carefully reasoned a

12、rgument, on the basis of christian faith, for the acceptance of physical impairment the speaker learns that, rather than being an obstacle to his fulfillment of gocts work for him, his blindness is a part of that work, and that his achievement lies in living patiently with it.3. i wandered lonely as

13、 a cloudwilliam wordsworthi wandered lonely as a cloudthat floats on high o'er vales and hills, when all at once i saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils;beside the lake, beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing in the breeze.continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way, th

14、ey stretched in never-ending line along the margin of a bay: ten thousand saw i at a glance, tossing their heads in sprightly dance.the waves beside them danced; but they out-did the sparkling waves in glee: a poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company:i gazedand gazedbut little thought wha

15、t wealth the show to me had brought:for oft, when on my couch i lie in vacant or in pensive mood, they flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude;and then my heart with pleasure fills, and dances with the daffodils.我孤獨地漫游，像一朵云 在山丘和谷地上飄蕩， 忽然間我看見一群 金色的水仙花迎春開放， 在樹蔭下，在湖水邊 迎著微風(fēng)起舞翩翩。綿不絕，如繁星

16、燦爛， 在銀河里閃閃發(fā)光, 它們沿著湖灣的邊緣 延伸成無窮無盡的一行； 我一眼看見了一萬朵，在歡舞之中起伏顛簸。粼粼波光也在跳著舞， 水仙的歡欣卻勝過水波； 與這樣快活的伴侶為伍， 詩人怎能不滿心歡樂！ 我久久凝望，卻想象不到 這奇景賦予我多少財寶，一每當我躺在床上不眠， 或心神空茫，或默默沉思, 它們常在心靈中閃現(xiàn)， 那是孤獨之中的福祉； 于是我的心便漲滿幸福, 和水仙一同翩翩起舞。a) this poem is written by william wordsworth, its name is i wandered lonely as a cloud.b) this poem is a

17、lyric ballad poem, the rhyme scheme of this poem is “ababcc，efefgg, hihikk, lmlmnrt. structure: four stanzas, each including 6 lines. rhetoric: simile, personification, alliteration.c) the paraphrase of this poem:d) this poem is about the nature's beauty. with his pure and poetic language, words

18、worth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. people sometimes fail to appreciate nature's wonders as they go about their routines. but we fallow the poet at every turn of his feelings .we share his melancholy when he "wandered lonely as a clouct and hi

19、s delight of the moment his heart "with pleasure fillst we come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.4. ode to the west windpercy bysshe shellyio wild west wind, thou breath of autumn's being, thou, from whose unseen presence the le

20、aves dead are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,pestilence-stricken multitudes: o thou,who chariotest to their dark wintry bedthe winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,each like a corpse within its grave, until thine azure sister of the spr

21、ing shall blowher clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) with living hues and odours plain and hill:wild spirit, which art moving everywhere;destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!iithou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,loose c

22、louds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,shook from the tangled boughs of heaven and ocean,angels of rain and lightning: there are spreadon the blue surface of thine a:ery surge,like the bright hair uplifted from the headof some fierce maenad, even from the dim verge of the horizon to the zen

23、ith's height,the locks of the approaching storm. thou dirgeof the dying year, to which this closing night will be the dome of a vast sepulchre, vaulted with all thy congregated mightof vapours, from whose solid atmosphereblack rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!iiithou who didst waken

24、from his summer dreams the blue mediterranean, where he lay,lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams,beside a pumice isle in baias bay, and saw in sleep old palaces and towersquivering within the wave's intenser day,all overgrown with azure moss and flowers so sweet, the sense faints pictur

25、ing them! thou for whose path the atlantic's level powerscleave themselves into chasms, while far below the sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear the sapless foliage of the ocean, knowthy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear, and tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!ivif i were a dead l

26、eaf thou mightest bear;if i were a swift cloud to fly with thee;a wave to pant beneath thy power, and sharethe impulse of thy strength, only less free than thou, o uncontrollable! if eveni were as in my boyhood, and could bethe comrade of thy wanderings over heaven, as then, when to outstrip thy ski

27、ey speedscarce seem'd a vision; i would ne*er have strivenas thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!i fall upon the thorns of life! i bleed!a heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd one too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.vmake me th

28、y lyre, even as the forest is: what if my leaves are falling like its own!the tumult of thy mighty harmonieswill take from both a deep, autumnal tone, sweet though in sadness. be thou, spirit fierce, my spirit! be thou me, impetuous one!drive my dead thoughts over the universe like wither'd leav

29、es to quicken a new birth!and, by the incantation of this verse,scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!be through my lips to unawaken earththe trumpet of a prophecy! o wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?translation哦，狂野的西風(fēng)，秋之實體的氣息！ 由于你無形無影的

30、出現(xiàn)，萬木蕭疏， 似鬼魅逃避驅(qū)魔巫師，罵黃，酸黑，蒼白，潮紅，疫療摧殘的落葉無數(shù)， 四散飄舞；哦，你又把有翅的種籽 凌空運送到他們黑暗的越冬床圃；仿佛是一具具僵臥在墳篡里的尸體， 他們將分別蟄伏，冷落而又凄涼， 直到陽春你蔚藍的姐妹向夢中的大地吹響她嚎亮的號角（如同牧放群羊驅(qū)送香甜的花蕾到空氣中覓食就飲） 給高山平原注滿生命的色彩和芬芳。不羈的精靈，你啊，你到處運行； 你破壞，你也保存，聽，哦，聽！在你的川流上，在騷動的高空， 紛亂的烏云，那雨和電的天使， 正象大地凋零枯散的落葉無窮，掙脫天空和海洋交情纏接的柯枝， 漂流奔瀉；在你清虛的波濤表面， 似酒神女祭司頭上揚起的蓬勃青絲。從那茫茫地平線

31、陰暗的邊緣 直到蒼穹的絕頂，到處散步著 迫近的暴風(fēng)雨飄搖翻騰的發(fā)卷。你啊，垂死殘年的挽歌，四合的夜幕 在你聚集的全部水汽威力的支撐下， 將構(gòu)成他那龐大墓穴的拱形頂部。從你那雄渾磅礴的氛圍，將迸發(fā)黑色的雨、火、冰雹；哦，聽??！你，哦，是你把藍色的地中海 從夢中喚醒，他在一整個夏天 都酣睡在貝伊灣一座浮石島外，被澄澈的流水喧嘩聲催送入眠， 夢見了古代的樓臺、塔堡和宮闈, 在強烈洶涌的波光里不住地抖顫,全部長滿了蔚藍色苔葬和花卉， 馨香馥郁，如醉的知覺難以描辜。哦，為了給你讓路，大西洋水豁然開裂，而在浩森波瀾深處, 海底的花藻和枝葉無汁的叢林, 哦，由于把你的呼嘯聲辨認出，一時都慘然變色，膽沐心驚，

32、 戰(zhàn)栗著自行凋落；聽，哦，聽!我若是一朵輕捷的浮云能和你同飛, 我若是一片落葉，你所能提攜，我若是一頭波浪能喘息于你的神威,分享你雄強的脈搏，自由不羈，僅次于，哦，僅次于不可控制的你, 我若能象少年時，作為伴侶，隨你同游天際，因為在那時節(jié)，似乎超越你天界的神速也不為奇跡; 我也就不至于象現(xiàn)在這樣急切，向你苦苦祈求。哦，快把我揚起， 就象你揚起的波浪、浮云、落葉！ 我傾覆于人生的荊棘！我在流血！歲月的重負壓制著的這一個太象你, 象你一樣，驕傲，不馴，而且敏捷。象你以森林演奏，請你也以我為琴, 哪怕我的葉片也象森林一樣凋謝！ 你那非凡和諧的慷慨激越之情，定能從森林和我同奏出深沉的秋樂, 悲愴卻又甘

33、洌。但愿你勇猛的精靈 竟是我的魂魄，我能成為剽悍的你!請把我枯萎的思緒播送宇宙， 就象你驅(qū)遣落葉催促新的生命， 請憑借我這韻文寫就的符咒，就象從未滅的余燼揚出爐灰和火星, 把我的話語傳遍天地間萬戶千家， 通過我的嘴唇，向沉睡未醒的人境, 讓預(yù)言的號角奏鳴！哦，風(fēng)啊，如果冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？a) the author of the poem is percy bysshe shelley . it is a famous lyric and the rhyme scheme of the poem is aba bcb cdc ded ee b) the poem ode to the we

34、st wind consists of five sections written in terza rima. each section consists of four tercets (aba, bcb, cdc, ded) and a rhyming couplet (ee). the ode is written in iambic pentameter.c) analysis:stanza 1:the west wind on the earth, the speaker invokes the “wind west wind" of autumn, which scat

35、ters the dead leaves and spreads seeds so that they may be nurturned by the spring, and asks that the wind , a "destroyer and dreservef9 hear himstanza2.the west wind in the sky. the speaker calls the wind the “dirge of the dying year : and describes how it stirs up violent storms, and again im

36、plores it to hear him .stanza3:the west wind on the sea. the speaker says that the wind stirs the mediterranean from “his summer dreams, " and cleaves the atlantic into choppy chasms, making the “sapless foliage of the ocean tremble and asks for a third time that it hear him.stanza4:the wish of

37、 shelley. he pleads with the wind to lift him “ as a wave , a leaf, a cloud “ for though he is like the wind at heart,untamable and proud . he is now chained and bored with the weight of his hours upon the earth.sranza5:the wish of shelly, he asks the wind, by the incantation of this verse，to scatte

38、r his words among mankind to be the "trumpet of a prophecy,，speaking both in regard to the season and in regard to the effect upon mankind that he hopes his words to have , the speaker asks :if winter comes , can spring be far behind?”13 the activities of the wind: on the earth , in the sky , a

39、nd on the sea.4- expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind5- expresses his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among mankind.5. my last duchessrobert browningthat's my last duchess painted on the wall, 墻上的這幅面是我的前公爵夫人looking as訐she were alive. i call看起來就像她活著

40、一樣。如今that piece a wonder, now: fra pandolfs hands我稱它為奇跡：潘道夫師的手筆worked busily a day, and there she stands.經(jīng)一日忙碌，從此她就在此站立。wilft please you sit and look at her? i said 你愿坐下看看她嗎？我有意提起'fra pandolf by design, for never read 潘道夫，因為外來的生客（例如你）strangers like you that pictured countenance, 凡是見了畫中描繪的面容、the

41、depth and passion of its earnest glance, 那真摯的眼神的深邃和熱情，but to myself they turned （since none puts by 沒有一個不轉(zhuǎn)向我（因為除我外the curtain i have drawn for you, but i）再沒有別人把畫上的簾幕拉開）and seemed as they would ask me, if they durst, 似乎想問我可是又不大敢問；how such a glance came there; so, not the first 是從哪兒來的這樣的眼神？are you to

42、turn and ask thus. sir, 't was not你并非第一個人回頭這樣問我。her husband's presence only, called that spot 先生，不僅僅是她丈夫的在座of joy into the duchess' cheek: perhaps使公爵夫人面帶歡容，可能fra pandolf chanced to say, 'her mantle laps 潘道夫偶然說過：“夫人的披風(fēng)over my lady's wrist too much/ or 'paint蓋住她的手腕太多，"或者說：

43、must never hope to reproduce the faint“ 隱約的紅暈向頸部漸漸隱沒，half-flush that dies along her throat:1 such stuff 這絕非任何顏料所能復(fù)制?！眞as courtesy, she thought, and cause enough這種無聊話，卻被她當成好意，for calling up that spot of joy. she had也足以喚起她的歡心。她那顆心a heart - how shall i say? too soon made glad,怎么說好呢？要取悅?cè)菀椎煤?too easily i

44、mpressed; she liked whate'er也太易感動。她看到什么都喜歡，she looked on, and her looks went everywhere.sir, 't was all one! my favour at her breast,the dropping of the daylight in the west,the bough of cherries some officious foolbroke in the orchard for her, the white muleshe rode with round the terrace -

45、 all and eachwould draw from her alike the approving speech,or blush, at least she thanked men, good! but thanked 的）somehow 一 i know not how as if she ranked而她的目光又偏愛到處觀看。先生，她對什么都一樣！她胸口上佩戴的我的贈品，或落日的余光；過分殷勤的傻子在園中攀折給她的一枝櫻桃，或她騎著繞行花圃的白騾所有這一切都會使她同樣地贊羨不絕，但她的感激（我說不上怎么搞仿佛把我賜她的九百年的門第my gift of a nine-hundred-

46、years-old name與任何人的贈品并列。誰愿意with anybody's gift. whofd stoop to blame?屈尊去譴責(zé)這種輕浮舉止？即使this sort of trifling? even had you skill你有口才（我卻沒有）能把你的意志in speech - （which i have not） - to make your will給這樣的人兒充分說明：“你這點quite clear to such an one, and say, fjust thisor that in you disgusts me; here you miss,or there exceed the mark* and if she letherself be lessoned so, nor plainly sether wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse,或那點令我討厭。這兒你差得遠，而那兒你超越了界限。"即使她肯聽 你這樣訓(xùn)誡她而毫不爭論，毫不為自己辯解，我也覺得這會有失身份，所以我選擇絕不屈尊。哦，先生，她總是在微笑,每逢我走過；但是