移民問題論文(中英文)

1、國際移民與國家安全及其有組織犯罪淺析國際移民問題業(yè)已成為全球化時(shí)代的中心問題之一。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國 研究機(jī)構(gòu)的定義，移民是指在其出生國或國籍所在國以外超過12個(gè) 月的人。冃前全球移民數(shù)量約為175億，比90年代初期增長(zhǎng)了 46%。這些移民包括難民和申請(qǐng)庇護(hù)者、外國留學(xué)生、各種長(zhǎng)期訪客、非法 留居者、澳大利亞、加拿大、美國等國批準(zhǔn)獲得國籍的外國出生國民。的狀況當(dāng)前國際移民所包括的三種主要矛盾在中國均有反映，并且是某些矛盾的主要集中地。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，最近20年以來，中國公費(fèi)派出留學(xué) 人員共有三十二萬人，其中僅十一萬人學(xué)成歸國，自費(fèi)留學(xué)的人員回 國率與此相比更低?！爸橇ν饬鳌眴栴}我們并不陌主，關(guān)于這一話題的 討

2、論貫穿了改革開放二十余年的歷史。不同的是，似乎八十年代的討 論側(cè)重于留學(xué)與愛國主義的關(guān)系等涉及國家政治和個(gè)人情感的問題， 而九十年代更多聚焦于經(jīng)濟(jì)維度：留學(xué)被看作一'項(xiàng)可以用金錢量化 的人力資本投資，較少賦予政治含義。需要注意的新現(xiàn)象是，中國已經(jīng)迎來了海外留學(xué)生的回潮時(shí)期， 這表現(xiàn)在“海龜派，'的涌現(xiàn)和不絕于耳的相關(guān)討論。2001年5月，加州 大學(xué)伯克利分校李安娜教授在對(duì)2000名硅谷移民的調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，來 自大中華區(qū)的華人占到硅谷外來技術(shù)移民的46%,其中43%愿意在 未來適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)回國工作，77%在硅谷的華人稱自己已有一個(gè)以上的朋 友或同事回國。在此之前臺(tái)灣也曾經(jīng)歷過類似的現(xiàn)象

3、，兩者背后都隱 藏著大中華地區(qū)高速增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)誘因。回國率的上升意味著中國本土和海外移民的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系更為深刻 和廣泛，也更有可能通過政府保障海外貿(mào)易和提供投資便利等政策措 施，使華人移民更容易接受本國政府針對(duì)他們的稅收計(jì)劃。在散居模 式中，稅收之外的項(xiàng)冃也應(yīng)在列入規(guī)劃。聚集大量高級(jí)知識(shí)分了的發(fā) 達(dá)國家應(yīng)當(dāng)促進(jìn)這些人員同其祖國之間的學(xué)術(shù)交流，比如安排外籍學(xué) 者回國短期授課，以提升當(dāng)?shù)氐慕逃?。這對(duì)中國等人口密集的國 家尤其適用。只要具有足夠的膽魄和遠(yuǎn)見，中國就有可能成為世界上 第一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)散居模式的發(fā)展中國家。在此之前，首先需要重新考慮承 認(rèn)雙重國籍的立法，政府也應(yīng)著手討論和安排相應(yīng)的散居模式項(xiàng)冃。

4、the analysis of the international migration and national security including organized crimethe issue of international migration has become one of the central problems of globalization. according to the definition of united nations study institutions, migration means the people who were born more tha

5、n 12 months in other countries than the countries of their birth and origins. for now, the number of global migration is about 175 billion, which grows by 46% than the beginning of 1990's the migrants are foreign-born nationals who are granted and gained citizenship including refugees, applying

6、asylum seekers, overseas students, all long visitors, and illegal residents, australia, canada, and america and so on.i. the state of chinacurrently china shows all the three major conflicts including international migration and it is the main concentration of some conflicts. by the statistics, disp

7、atched overseas people at china public expense in total are 320 thousand, among them, only 110 thousand people return to their countries after study, and the rate of going home in overseas people at their own expense are lower than it. we are not strange to,9 talent floating issue, the discussion of

8、 the topic runs through the reform and opening history for over two decades the difference is that 1980s* discussion focuses on national politics and personal feelings involving the relation between study abroad and patriotism, etc, but 1990s' discussion particularly focuses on economic dimensio

9、n: study abroad is regards as a kind of investment in human capital and is merely given political meaningthe new phenomenon we need to care is that china has ushered overseas students' back-floating period, which shows in the emergence of the returnees and the relative discussion in our ears the

10、 chinese from greater china account for 46% of silicon valley skilled immigrants, 43% of them like to return home to work at an appropriate time in the future, 77% of the chinese in silicon valley claim at least one of their friends or colleagues going home according to the research in 2000 silicon

11、valley skilled immigrants in may.2001, which is done by the professor li anna in university of california, berkeley. taiwan has experienced the similar phenomenon before, it hide the economic cause of rapid growth in greater china behind them.the rising of going home means the economic relation betw

12、een local china and overseas immigrants is much deeper and broader, it is probable to pass by policy measures, such as government protecting foreign trade and offering investment facilitation, which can let chinese immigrants accept local policies for their taxes plan easily .in the pattern of diasp

13、oras, the item other than taxes also should be included in plan. the developed countries which gather a host of highly intellectual should promote the academic exchanges between them and their motherland, for example arranging foreigners going home to have the short lessons for improving the local education level. it applies to dense population countries like china if having enough courage and foresight, china will probably become the first developing country in t