巖土工程中英文詞匯對(duì)照

1、巖土工程中英文詞匯對(duì)照來源：劉籟龍Jet的日志一.綜益1.1 eotechnical engineering巖土工程1.2 oundation engineering 基礎(chǔ)工程3.soil, earth 土4.5011 mechanics 土力學(xué)cyclic loading 周期荷載unloading 卸載reloading 再力口載viscoelastic foundation粘彈性地基viscous damping 粘滯阻尼shear modulus 剪切模量4.5012 dynamics 土動(dòng)力學(xué)6.5 tress path應(yīng)力路徑7.numerical geotechanics數(shù)值巖土

2、力學(xué)二.土的分類1 .residual soil 殘積± groundwater level 地下水位2 .groundwater 地下水groundwater table 地下水位3 .clay minerals 粘土礦物4 .secondary minerals 次生礦物1.1 andslides 滑坡6 .bore hole columnar section鉆孑 L 柱狀圖7 .engineering geologic investigation工程地質(zhì)勘察8 .boulder 漂石9 .cobble 卵石10 .gravel 砂石11 .gravelly sand 礫砂12

3、.coarse sand 粗砂13 .medium sand 中砂14 .fine sand 細(xì)砂15 .silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉質(zhì)粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂質(zhì)粉土21 .clayey silt 粘質(zhì)粉土22 .saturated soil 飽和土23.unsaturated soil非飽和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固結(jié)土26 .normally consolidated soil 正常固結(jié)土27 .underconso

4、lidated soil 欠固結(jié)土28 .zonal soil 區(qū)域性土29 .soft clay 軟粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨脹土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黃土33.frozen soil 凍土三.土的基本物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)1 .cc compression index2 .cu undrained shear strength3 .cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and

5、OC designated normally consolidated and overco nsolidated, respectively4 .cvane cohesive strength from vane test5 .e0 natural void ratio1.1 p plasticity index7 .K0 coefficient of “ arest " pressurefor total stresses and o-28 .K0 domain for effective stresseso-and (t2'9 .K0n K0 for normally

6、consolidated state10 .K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading .simulating instantaneous loading o r an undrained condition11 .K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynami c test for K0 coefficient12 .kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical dir

7、ections, respectively13 .N blow count, standard penetration test14 .OCR over-consolidation ratio15 .pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16 .p0 effective overburden pressure17 .p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18 .qu unconfined compressive strength19 .U, Um

8、degree of consolidation .subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20 .u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen an d mean value, respectively21 .W0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22 . o- 1, principal stresses, o-1 and o-

9、69; enote effective principal stresses23 .Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24 .degree of saturation 飽和度25 .dry unit weight 干重度26 .moist unit weight 濕重度27 .saturated unit weight飽和重度28 .effective unit weight有效重度29 .density 密度30 .compactness 密實(shí)度31 .maximum dry density 最大干密度32 .optimum water content最優(yōu)含水量33.three ph

10、ase diagram 三相圖34.tri-phase soil 三相土35.soil fraction 粒組36.sieve analysis 篩分37 .hydrometer analysis 比重計(jì)分析38 .uniformity coefficient 不均勻系數(shù)39 .coefficient of gradation 級(jí)配系數(shù)40 .fine-grained soil(silty and clayey) 2 田粒土41 .coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土42 .Unified soil classification system

11、±的統(tǒng)一分類系統(tǒng)43 .ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美國(guó)土木工程師學(xué)會(huì)44 .AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美國(guó)州公路官員協(xié)會(huì)45 .ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 國(guó)際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會(huì)四.滲透性和滲流1 .Darcy law達(dá)西定律2 .piping 管涌3 .flowing soil 流土4 .sand boiling 砂沸5 .fl

12、ow net 流網(wǎng)6 .seepage 滲透(流)7.leakage 滲流8.seepage pressure 滲透壓力9.permeability 滲透性10.seepage force 滲透力"hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability滲透系數(shù)五.地基應(yīng)力和變形1.soft soil 軟土2 .(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入樁(負(fù))摩阻力3 .effective stress有效應(yīng)力4 .total stress 總應(yīng)力5 .field vane shear st

13、rength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度6 .low activity 低活性7 .sensitivity 靈敏度8 .triaxial test 三軸試驗(yàn)9 .foundation design基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)10 .recompaction 再壓縮"bearing capacity 承載力11 .soil mass ±體13 .contact stress (pressure) 接觸應(yīng)力(壓力)14 .concentrated load 集中荷載15 .a semi-infinite elastic solid半無限彈性體16 .homogeneous 均質(zhì)17 .isotropic 各向同

14、性18 .strip footing 條基19 .square spread footing方形獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下臥層(土)21.dead load =sustained load 恒載 持續(xù)荷載22.live load 活載23.short 十erm transient load 短期瞬時(shí)荷載24.long-term transient load長(zhǎng)期荷載25 .reduced load 折算荷載26 .settlement 沉降27 .deformation 變形28 .casing 套管29 .dike=dyke 堤（防）3

15、0 .clay fraction 粘粒粒組31 .physical properties物理性質(zhì)32 .subgrade 路基33 .well-graded soil 級(jí)配良好土34 .poorly-graded soil 級(jí)配不良土35 .normal stresses 正應(yīng)力36 .shear stresses 剪應(yīng)力37 .principal plane 主平面38 .major （intermediate, minor） principal stress 最大（中、最?。┲鲬?yīng)力39 .Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩爾-庫侖破壞條件40 .FEM=fini

16、te element method有限元法41 .limit equilibrium method 極限平衡法42 .pore water pressure孔隙水壓力43 .preconsolidation pressure先期固結(jié)壓力44 .modulus of compressibility壓縮模量45 .coefficent of compressibility 壓縮系數(shù)46 .compression index 壓縮指數(shù)47 .swelling index 回彈指數(shù)48 .geostatic stress 自重應(yīng)力49 .additional stress 附加應(yīng)力50 .total

17、stress 總應(yīng)力51 .final settlement最終沉降52 .slip line 滑動(dòng)線六.基坑開挖與降水1 excavation 開挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失穩(wěn)4 bracing of foundation pit基坑圍護(hù)5 bottom heave=basal heave（基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 擋土墻7 pore-pressure distribution 孔壓分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)（輕型）10

18、deep well point 深井點(diǎn)11 vacuum well point 真空井點(diǎn)12 braced cuts 支撐圍護(hù)13 braced excavation 支撐開挖14 braced sheeting 支撐擋板七.深基礎(chǔ)-deep foundation1 .pile foundation 樁基礎(chǔ)1）cast -in-place 灌注樁diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注樁bored pile鉆孔樁special-shaped cast-in-place pile機(jī)控異型灌注樁piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁rammed bul

19、b pile 夯擴(kuò)樁2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile預(yù)制混凝土樁4)steel pile 鋼樁steel pipe pile 鋼管樁steel sheet pile 鋼板樁5)prestressed concrete pile 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressed concrete pipe pile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁2 .caisson foundation 沉井(箱)3 .diaphragm wall 地下連續(xù)墻 截水墻

20、4 .friction pile 摩擦樁5 .end-bearing pile 端承樁6 .shaft豎井；樁身7 .wave equation analysis 波動(dòng)方程分析8 .pile caps承臺(tái)(樁帽)9 .bearing capacity of single pile單樁承載力1.1 lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗(yàn)11 .ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力12 .static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗(yàn)13 .vertical allowable load c

21、apacity單樁豎向容許承載力14 .low pile cap 低樁承臺(tái)15.high-rise pile cap高樁承臺(tái)16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力17.silent piling 靜力壓樁18 .uplift pile 抗拔樁19 .anti-slide pile 抗滑樁20 .pile groups 群樁21 .efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數(shù)（ 422 .efficiency of pile groups群樁效應(yīng)23 .dynamic pile

22、testing樁基動(dòng)測(cè)技術(shù)24 .final set最后貫入度25 .dynamic load test of pile 樁動(dòng)荷載試驗(yàn)26 .pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗(yàn)27 .pile head=butt 樁頭28 .pile tip=pile point=pile toe 樁端（頭）29 .pile spacing 樁距30 .pile plan樁位布置圖31 .arrangement of piles =pile layout 樁的布置32 .group action 群樁作用33 .end bearing=tip resistance 樁端阻34 .skin（s

23、ide） friction=shaft resistance 樁側(cè)阻35 .pile cushion 樁墊36 .pile driving（by vibration） （振動(dòng)）打樁37 .pile pulling test 拔樁試驗(yàn)38 .pile shoe 樁靴39 .pile noise打樁噪音40 .pile rig 打樁機(jī)八.地基處理-ground treatment1 .technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范2 .cushion墊層法3 .preloading 預(yù)壓法4 .dynamic compaction

24、 強(qiáng)夯法5 .dynamic compaction replacement 強(qiáng)夯置換法6 .vibroflotation method 振沖法7 .sand-gravel pile 砂石樁8 .gravel pile(stone column) 碎石樁9 .cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁10 .cement mixing method水泥土攪拌樁11 .cement column 水泥樁31.pillow 褥墊12.lime pile (lime column) 石灰樁13.jet grouting 高壓噴射注漿法14.rammed-cement-

25、soil pile15.lime-soil compaction pile lime-soil compacted column lime soil pile 灰土擠密樁16.chemical stabilization17.surface compaction18.surcharge preloading19.vacuum preloading20.sand wick袋裝砂井21.geofabric ,geotextileposite foundation 23.reinforcement method24.dewatering method25 .freezing and heating夯

26、實(shí)水泥土樁法灰土擠密樁灰土擠密樁化學(xué)加固法表層壓實(shí)法超載預(yù)壓法真空預(yù)壓法土工織物復(fù)合地基加筋法降低地下水固結(jié)法冷熱處理法26 .expansive ground treatment膨脹土地基處理27 .ground treatment in mountain area山區(qū)地基處理28 .collapsible loess treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理29 .artificial foundation人工地基30 .natural foundation天然地基31 .soft clay ground軟土地基32 .sand drain 砂井34 .root pile 樹根樁35 .pla

27、stic drain 塑料排水帶36 .replacement ratio(復(fù)合地基)置換率九.固結(jié) consolidationI.Terzzaghic6 nsolidation theory太沙基固結(jié)理論2.Barraon C onsolidation theory巴隆固結(jié)理論3.Biot C onsolidation theory 比奧固結(jié)理論4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固結(jié)比5.overconsolidation soil 超固結(jié)土6.excess pore water pressure超孔壓力7.multi-dimensional consoli

28、dation多維固結(jié)8.one-dimensional consolidation 一維固結(jié)9 .primary consolidation 主固結(jié)10 .secondary consolidation 次固結(jié)11 .degree of consolidation 固結(jié)度12 .consolidation test固結(jié)試驗(yàn)13 .consolidation curve 固結(jié)曲線14 .time factor Tv時(shí)間因子15 .coefficient of consolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)16 .preconsolidation pressure前期固結(jié)壓力17 .principle of

29、effective stress有效應(yīng)力原理18 .consolidation under K0 condition K0 固結(jié)十.抗剪弓雖度shear strength1 .undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度2 .residual strength殘余強(qiáng)度3 .long-term strength長(zhǎng)期強(qiáng)度4 .peak strength峰值強(qiáng)度5 .shear strain rate 剪切應(yīng)變速率6 .dilatation 剪脹7 .effective stress approach of shear strength剪脹抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法8 .total str

30、ess approach of shear strength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法9 .Mohr-Coulomb theory莫爾庫侖理論10 .angle of internal friction內(nèi)摩擦角“cohesion粘聚力12 .failure criterion破壞準(zhǔn)則13 .vane strength 十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度14 .unconfined compression無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度15 .effective stress failure envelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線16 .effective stress strength parameter有效應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)H".本構(gòu)模型-c

31、onstitutive model1 .elastic model 彈性模型2 .nonlinear elastic model非線性彈性模型3 .elastoplastic model 彈塑性模型4 .viscoelastic model 粘彈性模型5 .boundary surface model邊界面模型6 .Duncan-Chang model 鄧肯張模型7 .rigid plastic model剛塑性模型8 .cap model蓋帽模型9 .work softening加工軟化10 .work hardening力口工硬化11 .Cambridge model劍橋模型1.1 ide

32、al elastoplastic model理想彈塑性模型13 .Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫爾庫侖屈服準(zhǔn)則14 .yield surface 屈服面15 .elastic half-space foundation model彈性半空間地基模型16 .elastic modulus 彈性模量17 .Winkler foundation model文克爾地基模型十二.地基承載力 -bearing capacity of foundation soil1 .punching shear failure沖剪破壞2 .general shear failure整體剪切

33、破化3 .local shear failure 局部剪切破壞4 .state of limit equilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)5 .critical edge pressure臨塑荷載6 .stability of foundation soil 地基穩(wěn)定性7 .ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力8 .allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容許承載力十三.土壓力-earth pressure1 .active earth pressure 主動(dòng)土壓力2 .passi

34、ve earth pressure 被動(dòng)土壓力3 .earth pressure at rest 靜止土壓力4 .Coulomb earth pressure theory庫侖土壓力理論5 .Rankinee arth pressure theory朗金土壓力理論十四.土坡穩(wěn)定分析 -slope stability analysis1.1 ngle of repose 休止角2.815 hop method 畢肖普法3.5 afety factor of slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)4.Fellenius method of slices費(fèi)紐倫斯條分法5.Swedish circle metho

35、d瑞典圓弧滑動(dòng)法6.slices method 條分法十五.擋土墻-retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性2 .foundation wall 基礎(chǔ)墻3 .counter retaining wall 扶壁式擋土墻4 .cantilever retaining wall 懸臂式擋土墻5 .cantilever sheet pile wall懸臂式板樁墻6 .gravity retaining wall 重力式擋土墻7 .anchored plate retaining wall 錨定板擋土墻8 .anchored sheet pile

36、 wall 錨定板板樁墻十六.板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物-sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 鋼板樁2 .reinforced concrete sheet pile 鋼筋混凝土板樁3 .steel piles 鋼樁4 .wooden sheet pile 木板樁5 .timber piles 木樁十七.淺基礎(chǔ)-shallow foundation1 .box foundation箱型基礎(chǔ)2 .mat(raft) foundation片筏基礎(chǔ)3 .strip foundation條形基礎(chǔ)4 .spread footing 擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)5 .compensated foundation 補(bǔ)償性基礎(chǔ)6 .bearing stratum 持力層7 .rigid foundation 剛性基礎(chǔ)8 .flexible foundation 柔性基礎(chǔ)9 .embedded depth of foundation基礎(chǔ)埋置深度10