非謂語動(dòng)詞用法精講

1、.TEACHERTEACHER: MR LIU: MR LIU. 找出各句的謂語動(dòng)詞并指出其具體形式1. Dont teach fish to swim. 2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 1哪些是動(dòng)詞的謂語形式？哪些是動(dòng)詞的謂語形式？.4. Light travels much faster than sound.5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 6. The

2、president was warmly welcomed by the residents. 1 謂語動(dòng)詞的形式包括主動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式和被動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用的各種形式。.謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞在高中英語教和學(xué)中具有重要意義，主要謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞在高中英語教和學(xué)中具有重要意義，主要表現(xiàn)在寫作，語法填空和閱讀長難句判斷中表現(xiàn)在寫作，語法填空和閱讀長難句判斷中。 例如：典型例子： There are many people stand at the gate. Standing 的誤用 1.To get up

3、 early is good for our health.2.I want to get up early.3.His dream is to be a teacher.4.I see him singing.5.Do you have something to say?6.Singing and dancing, the students came into the classroom.1性質(zhì)：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：除謂語以外一切成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞.2形形 式式 不定式不定式相當(dāng)于名詞、形容

4、詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語、賓語、相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語、表語、相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語賓語、定語定語。分詞分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語形成分狀語形成分3語語 態(tài)態(tài)必須搞清邏輯主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系，從而來確定非謂必須搞清邏輯主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系，從而來確定非謂語動(dòng)詞態(tài)的語態(tài)。語動(dòng)詞態(tài)的語態(tài)。.過去分詞過去分詞 v-ed不定式不定式 to + v動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的v-ing非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞表將來，主動(dòng)。表將來，主動(dòng)。

5、表進(jìn)行，主動(dòng)表進(jìn)行，主動(dòng)表完成，被動(dòng)表完成，被動(dòng)不定式的被動(dòng)式不定式的被動(dòng)式在表示在表示被動(dòng)的同被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表示未來時(shí)還兼表示未來。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表示完成，示完成，尤其是表示有尤其是表示有明顯先后時(shí)間關(guān)系的完明顯先后時(shí)間關(guān)系的完成成。現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式在現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式在表示表示被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還將被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還將表示進(jìn)行表示進(jìn)行。.1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式可用來泛指一個(gè)動(dòng)作，沒有特別的時(shí)形式的一般式可用來泛指一個(gè)動(dòng)作，沒有特別的時(shí)間意義。間意義。 Swimming is her favorite sport. Learning is important to mod

6、ern life. 2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式可用來表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)形式的一般式可用來表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 3. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式有時(shí)也可表示在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前形式的一般式有時(shí)也可表示在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。或之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunda

7、y. A 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式形式的一般式形形 式式 .動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式表示一個(gè)已完成的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)形式的完成式表示一個(gè)已完成的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生或完成在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。生或完成在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.點(diǎn)津坊點(diǎn)津坊在現(xiàn)代英語中，在現(xiàn)代英語中，作賓語作賓語的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式可用一般式形式的完成式可用一般式來代替。來代替。I really regretted missing such an exciting lectu

8、re. (=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)B 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式形式的完成式.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式表示它的形式的被動(dòng)形式表示它的邏輯主語邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作的形式表示的動(dòng)作的承受者承受者。 The question being discussed is very important. I cant stand being kept waiting. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school

9、library.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式由形式的否定形式由not加動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞-ing形式構(gòu)成。形式構(gòu)成。His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. A 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語形式作主語1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式可直接置于句首作主語。形式可直接置于句首作主語。 Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe.2. 為了保持句子平衡，通常用先行詞為了保持句子平衡，通常用先行詞it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句末。句末。 It is no use cry

10、ing over spilt milk. Its a waste of time arguing about it.C 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式D 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式成成分分.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語的幾個(gè)常用句型。形式作主語的幾個(gè)常用句型。Its no good talking to him. It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come. Its worth making an effort. There is no saying when it will stop raining. There is no j

11、oking about such matters. 必背必背. B 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語形式作表語1. 表示主語的內(nèi)容表示主語的內(nèi)容 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 2. 表示主語具有的特征表示主語具有的特征 The problem is quite puzzling. 1. Her work is _( look )after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University.3. One of my bad habit is _(bite

12、 ) nails（指甲）. C 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語形式作賓語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式既可作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓形式既可作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。語。1 能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞可分兩類，一類是只能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，另一類是既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語。只能用只能用-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(這類動(dòng)詞只能用-ing形式作賓語，不能用不定式作賓語。) Fancy meeting you here! I suggest doing it in a different way.避免錯(cuò)過少延期 avoid, miss, put

13、 off, postpone建議完成多練習(xí) suggest, finish, practice喜歡想象經(jīng)不住 enjoy, imagine, cant help承認(rèn)否定與妒忌 admit, deny, envy逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒 escape, risk, excuse,忍受保持不介意 stand, keep, mind詞組有admit to/preferto/ be used to /lead to /devote oneself to/ object to /stick to/ be busy /look forward to/（to為介詞）no goodno use/Its worth /a

14、s well as /cant help /Its no use good/ be tired of/ be fond of /be capable of /be afraid of/be proud of /think of about /hold off /put off/keep on /insist on/ count on upon /set about/ be successful in /good at /take up /give up/ burst out /prevent from只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：.PracticePrac

15、tice1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go ) away.2.Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car.5.Leave off _(bite) your nails!6.He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggeste

16、d _( spend ) the day in the garden.7.You certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to chil

17、dren.12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances.13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood). 這類動(dòng)詞雖然既能用-ing形式作賓語，也能用不定式作賓語，但用法并不相同，主要有以下幾種情況： 有些動(dòng)詞，如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式區(qū)別不

18、是很大。 They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 提示提示 應(yīng)盡量避免接連出現(xiàn)兩上動(dòng)詞-ing形式。I am starting to learn Russian. I am starting learning Russian. 既可用動(dòng)詞既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語()().有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有所不同。come to do

19、 表示一個(gè)漸漸發(fā)展的過程 I hope we shall be friends and come to understand one e doing 表示陪襯性的動(dòng)作 It was already two oclock when she came hurrying in. go on to do 做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事 Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit. go on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事。Though it was raining heavily,

20、they went on working.有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有所不同。上有所不同。. mean to do 想要做某事I didnt mean to hurt you. mean doing 意味著要有一個(gè)結(jié)果Missing the train means waiting for another hour. regret to do 對即將要做的事表示遺憾I regret to say I must leave tomorrow. regret doing 對所做的事感到后悔I regret not having

21、told her earlier. remember to do 講的是將來的事，表示“不要忘記”Remember to lock the door when you leave. remember doing 講的是過去的事，表示“記起來”I remember posting that letter. .forget to do 忘記要做某事She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his service. forget doing 忘記以前曾做過的事Ill never forget meeting my school headmaster

22、 for the first time. stop to do 停止原來做的事，開始做另一件事While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. stop doing 停止正在做的事When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils stopped talking. try to do 設(shè)法做某事I must try to get everything ready before he arrives. try doing 試驗(yàn)做某事Would you please try doing t

23、hat again? .Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected. His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned. The old woman requires looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 2 作介詞賓語作介詞賓語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞賓語大都和一些固定搭配有關(guān)。 need, require, want作作“需要需要”解時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)解時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)詞詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式，意形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式

24、，意義上并無差別，但用動(dòng)詞義上并無差別，但用動(dòng)詞-ing形式比較普通。形式比較普通。. D 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以在形式可以在see, look at,notice, watch, observe,feel, find, hear, listen to, smell等表示感官和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)等表示感官和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語，和一個(gè)名詞或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。足語，和一個(gè)名詞或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. I felt my heart beat

25、ing violently. 2 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別形式和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別。在see, watch, notice,hear, feel 等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞-ing-ing形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用不定式時(shí)，用不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作的全過程結(jié)束了。表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作的全過程結(jié)束了。 He saw a girl getting on the bus. He saw a girl get on the bus and drive o

26、ff.3 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式也可用在形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示等表示致使致使的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.I wont have you running about in the room.We kept the fire burning all night long.點(diǎn)津坊點(diǎn)津坊如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是一系列的動(dòng)作，通常只能用不定式來表示，不用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。I saw him enter the room

27、sit down and light a cigarette. . E 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語形式作定語1 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a reading room = a room which is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running a working method =a method of working 必背必背 a drawing board a sewing machine a sw

28、imming pool a waiting room a dining car a driving permit a singing competition a walking stick 表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。developing countries = countries that are developing an ordinary-looking house = a house th

29、at looks ordinarya puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody.2 作定語的動(dòng)詞作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。面。The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.They lived in a house facing south.3 某些情況下，動(dòng)詞某些情況下，動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能用來作定語，必須用定語從句。形式不能用來作定語，必須用定語從句。 作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式表

30、示的動(dòng)作要與主句謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如兩者不能同時(shí)發(fā)生的話，則需使用定語從句?！菊`】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式一般只用來作狀語，不作定語?！菊`】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been dest

31、royed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.a barking dog a disappointing play an astonishing adventure a sleeping baby boiling water failing sight the setting sun the coming week . F 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語形式作狀語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示形式可以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞等

32、。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。時(shí)常位于句末。1 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.(= After we have made full preparations.)2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school y

33、esterday. (= Since he was ill.)3 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money.4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons.5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。 Knowin

34、g all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Although they knew all this.6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = .and he stared at the sky for a long timee.g._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B.

35、Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received解析解析沒收信的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在決定寫信這一動(dòng)作之前所以應(yīng)該用沒收信的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在決定寫信這一動(dòng)作之前所以應(yīng)該用having done ;此題又是表否定含義，分詞的否定式為此題又是表否定含義，分詞的否定式為not doing/not having done; 故選故選 c.-ing 形式形式-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法 1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular spo

36、rt in the world. （NMET1998） A. making B. makes C. made D. to make2.He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone.A. finding B. found C. finds D. to findD解析解析Making it the popular sport in the world為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示順其表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：自然，不定

37、式表示突然，出乎意料。如：His parents died, leaving him an orphan.He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed. A 作主語的動(dòng)詞作主語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語對于談話雙方是不言而喻的。Reading aloud is very helpful. (Reading aloud的邏輯主語是泛指任何人，因而無需表達(dá)出來)點(diǎn)津坊點(diǎn)津坊如果作主語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式需要自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，一般用物主代詞或名詞所有格(即名詞后加s)His fathers falling

38、 ill worried him greatly. (his father是falling ill的邏輯主語) B 作表語的動(dòng)詞作表語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)，其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的-ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的邏輯主語是her). C 作定語的動(dòng)詞作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語時(shí)，其邏輯主語就是它修飾的名詞。an interesting book =

39、a book that interests its readersa running stream = a stream that is running如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被動(dòng)式。The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance. (the meeting和舉行之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，所以用being held). D 作賓語的動(dòng)詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語時(shí)，其邏輯主語常是句子中的主語。如要明確動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也可以在-ing形式前加上名詞或代詞表示邏輯主語

40、。比較比較 He insisted on doing it himself. (doing it的邏輯主語是句子的主語“他”)He insisted on my doing it. (doing it的邏輯主語是“我”) Would you mind opening the window? (opening the window的邏輯主語是“你”) Would you mind my opening the window? (opening the window的邏輯主語是“我”) E 作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是形式

41、作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是它前面的賓語。它前面的賓語。We often hear her singing this song. (singing this song的邏輯主語是“她”)We often hear this song (being) sung. (邏輯主語this song和賓語補(bǔ)足語“唱”的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式或-ed分詞。). F 作狀語的動(dòng)詞作狀語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式1 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語，其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。形式作狀語，其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。Entering the classroom, I fou

42、nd nobody in it.如動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作不是句中主語發(fā)出或承受的，那就是誤用。這種無依著的-ing形式，語法上稱之為“垂懸分詞”?！菊`】Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.(looking out through the window的邏輯主語是the garden，顯然不對)【正】Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.【誤】Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started bar

43、king. (邏輯主語是dog，它不會(huì)看晚報(bào))【正】I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.2 如不能和句子中的主語保持一致，該動(dòng)詞如不能和句子中的主語保持一致，該動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主形式必須有自己的邏輯主語，通常由名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任。語，通常由名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.高中階段有一些固

44、定的動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語，如generally speaking, judging from.,considering., talking of., supposing.等，它們的邏輯主語可以和句子的主語不一致。這種動(dòng)詞-ing短語可當(dāng)作一個(gè)插入語。Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend

45、the concert for free.Supposing it rains, what will you do?必背必背.關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes coming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your prete

46、nd 3. Change the following into the simple sentences. 4.That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.1) change the following into the infinitive1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing.2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.3. _( help ) others is our duty.4. _( see ) is to believe.2) cha

47、nge the sentences above into the ones using “it” as informal.3)A: 如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由for 引起的短語。It is easy for the students to read.It will be a mistake for us to help you. 不定式不定式1不定式作主語：.在在It is + 形容詞形容詞 + of sb + 不定式不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, righ

48、t, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is + 形容詞 + for sb + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞通常表示事物的性質(zhì)，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。比較比較It is good of you to help me with my English. (強(qiáng)調(diào)you的特征=You are good to help me.

49、)It is good for you to give up smoking. (強(qiáng)調(diào)的是give up smoking這一行為= For you to give up smoking is good.) It is + 形容詞形容詞 + for / of sb + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不定式結(jié)構(gòu). 有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動(dòng)詞有：want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, expect,

50、agree, determine, prefer, intend, etc. 2不定式作賓語：不定式作賓語：3不定式作表語不定式作表語1. Her work is _( look )after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University.3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem.1.They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2.He said he wished_(be )a professor.3.I agreed_ (go ) th

51、ere with the doctor.4.My daughter preferred _( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5.He had promised _(give) me a hand.一般說來，動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或抽象性的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)。而動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作往往是具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作。Smoking is forbidden here. (泛指)Its not good for you to smoke so much. (具體)They prefer staying indoors whe

52、n the weather is cold.(泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?(具體)I like singing ,but I dont like to sing this night .比較比較. 4. .不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1. I didnt want my parents _(help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3. The school ordered all the classroom _( clean

53、). 4. My parents expect me _( go )to an ideal university. 5. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned. 6. The doctor advised the patient _( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. He determined me_( tell ) everything.不定式作定語通常放在其修飾的名詞名代詞之后，與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或修飾關(guān)系。1 主謂關(guān)系The future

54、to greet us will be bright.The next train to arrive was from New York.2 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.He can find no one to make friends with. 3 同位關(guān)系We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 4 修飾關(guān)系Now it is time to begin our class. 5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語. 由于動(dòng)詞

55、不定式與其修飾的詞之間往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果該不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 She has a child to take care of. There is nothing to worry about. He has no friend to depend on. Ive got a lot of things to see to this morning. 點(diǎn)津坊點(diǎn)津坊.不定式作定語鞏固練習(xí)不定式作定語鞏固練習(xí)Change the following into infinitives.He was the first person that came to the

56、classroom this morning.The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace.Everything that is done needs praising.Here are some books that you can read.不定式作狀語可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。不定式作狀語可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。1. 表示目的表示目的 Im saving up to buy a computer. 6.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這

57、種目的，也可以用in order (not) to do, 和和so as (not) to do結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) (so as to do不可以置于句首不可以置于句首)。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.點(diǎn)津坊點(diǎn)津坊2 表示結(jié)果表示結(jié)果 He got to the station only to find the train had gone.必背必背 ： 不定式表示結(jié)果常見于下列句型不定式表示結(jié)果常見于下列句型 1) so.as

58、 to doWould you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 2) such.as to doWe are not such fools as to believe him. 3) enough to doHe didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 4) only to doHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 5) too.to doHis eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.P

59、ractisePractise1.He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus to the town.2. We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely.We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners freely.3. He was so frightened t

60、hat he could hardly say anything.He was_ frightened _say anything.He was _ brave _ _say anything. 4. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her. 5. He hurried to the station only _( find ) the train left. .“be + 不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常有以下兩種情況：結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常有以下兩種情況： 1. 表示命令和指示表示