2022年2022年高級英語第一冊修辭總結(jié)

1、精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載unit 1 middle eastern bazaar1. onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1 tinkling bells para. 12 the squeaking and rumbling para. 92. metaphor:is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating anoth

2、er comparable thing without using“as”or “l(fā)ike ”.e.g. 1 theheat and glare of a big open square para. 12in the maze of vaulted streets whichhoneycomb this bazaar para. 73. alliteration : is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1thread theirway amon

3、g thethrongs of people para. 12make apoint of protesting4. hyperbole:is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big、 small、 loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger、 smaller、 louder、 etc.e.g. atiny restaurant para. 7a flood of glistening linseed oil para. 95antithesis : is

4、 the setting、 often in parallel structure、 of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.e.g. 1a tinyapprentice blowsabigcharcoal firewithahuge leather bellowspara. 52which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. para. 56. personification : a fig

5、ure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g.as the burnished copper catches the light of para.5unit 2v: figures of speech metaphor:暗喻a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used

6、 to designate another、 thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻為一種修辭,通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物,從而示意二者之間的相像之處；1). and secondly、 because i had alump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in nippon railways official might say.2). iwas againcrushed by the thoughtpage

7、13、 para. 4、 line 11精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載3). at last the intermezzo came to an end and page 13、 para. 4、 line 14). when the meaning of these last words sank in、 jolting mepage 15、 para. 7、 lines 13synecdoche: 提喻a figure of speech inwhich a part is used forthe whole a handfor sailor 、 the whole for

8、 a part as the lawfor police officer 、 the specific for the general as cutthroatfor assassin、 the general forthe specific as thieffor pickpocket 、 or the material for the thing from which it is made as steelfor sword .舉隅法,提喻法：一種修辭方法,以局部代表整體（如用手代表水手）,以整體代表局部（如用法律代表警官）,以特別代表一般 （如用直柄剃刀代表殺人者）,以一般代表特別（如用

9、賊 代表扒手）,或用原材料代表用該材料制造的東西（如用鋼 代表劍 ）e.g. the rather arresting spectacle of littleoldjapan adriftamid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. para. 7little old japan : traditional japanese housesmetonymy:換喻a figure of speech in which

10、 one word or phrase is substituted for another with which itiscloselyassociated、 as inthe use of“washington” for“the unitedstates government” or of“the sword” for “military power ”.換喻, 轉(zhuǎn)喻： 一種一個詞或詞組被另一個與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法,如用“華盛頓”代替“美政府”或用“劍”代替“軍事力氣”the rather arresting spectacle of little old japan a

11、drift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle betweenthe kimono and the miniskirt. para. 7the kimono and the miniskirt: the japanese culture and the western cultureirony ：反語the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal m

12、eaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反語：用詞語表達與它們的字面意思相異或相反的用法、以達到幽默和諷刺的成效；e.g. this way i look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. p. 17climax:層進法a series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.層進法：在不斷

13、增強的修辭力度或強度中使用的一系列陳述和方法no one talks about it any more、 and no one wants to、 especially the people who were born here or who lived through it. page 1516、 para. 12、 lines 13anti-climax:漸降anti-climax、as used inthe text、 states ones thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong

14、to weak、 from weighty to light. it has achieved a2精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors、 who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb、 but who ironically heard “oysters”in the end.漸降

15、表述概念的方式為使意義劇烈的語言根據(jù)步步降低的語氣次序排列,語勢由強而弱, 語氣由重到輕,有此達到取笑.諷刺或為喜劇的成效；e.g. “seldom has a city gained such world renown、 and i am proud and happy towelcomeyoutohiroshima、atownknownthroughouttheworldfor its oysters.”p.15sarcasm 諷刺 is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt

16、.hiroshimathe “l(fā)iveliest ”city in japan hyperboleif you want to write this city、 do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in japan、 even ifhyperbolesimile明喻 is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things using the wordsas or likee.g. serious looking men spok

17、e to one anothear s if they were oblivious of the crowds about them精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載personificationunit 3 ships in the desert精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載e.g. 1 where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lappingagainst the side of the ship、 there was nothing but hot dry sand. para. 1hyperb

18、olee.g. the populationexplosion para. 5metaphor1) anotherghostly image para. 62) theseghosts in the sky para. 8metonymy1) the relationship between the two superpowers para. 23unit 5speech on hitler s invasion of the u.s.s.r. iv: rhetorical devices1. periodic sentences:periodic sentences achieve forc

19、efulness by suspense懸念. the essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.a sentence in which the main clause or its predicate is withheld until the end; 周期3精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載句（掉尾句）：主句或謂語在句末的句子,有兩種句型：一：修飾語（特別為狀語）在句首的簡潔句；二：從句在前主句在后的復合句a) the past、 with its crimes、 its follies、 an

20、d its tragediesf、lashes away.p.79b) any man or state who fights on against nazidomwill have our aid . p.80c) if hitler imagines that his attack on soviet russiahe is woefully mistaken.p80、 l22d) when iawoken on the morning ofsunday、 the 22nd、 the newsinvasion ofrussia.p.772. rhetorical question inte

21、rrogationinterrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer、 but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way.e.g.but can you doubt what our policy will be.3. parallel structurea) we will never parleywe will never negotiate with hitler or any of his gangp.80b) we s

22、hall fight him by land we shall fight him by seawe shall fight him in the air. p.80c) behind all this glarebehind all this stormi seep.80d) i see the russian soldiers standing i see them guardingi see the ten thousand villages i see advancing uponp.794. inversiona change in normal word order、 such a

23、s the placement of a verb before its subjecta) from this nothing will turn usnothing p. 805. repetitionthe repeated use of the same synonymous words、 to add force、 clearness or balance to a sentencewe have but oneaim and one single、 irrevocablepurpose. p.78 he has so longthrived and prospered. p.81w

24、e will never parley、 we will never negotiatep.806. similea figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared、 often in aphrase introduced by like or as、as in“ how like the winter hath my absence been” or“ so are you to my thoughts as food to lifeshakespea”re .明喻：一種修辭手法,把兩種基本不相像的東西

25、進行比較,通常在由like或 as 引導的短4精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載語中,如 “我的離開好象為冬天來臨”或 “ 你對我的思想就象食物對于生命一樣重要”（ 莎士比亞）i see also the dullgerman soldierscrawling locusts.p79-807. metaphora figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another、 thus making an implicit co

26、mparison.暗喻為一種修辭,通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物,從而示意二者之間的相像之處；a) i see the russian soldiers standing on thtehreshold of their native land threshold refers to the threshold of their nation. p.79b) behind all this glare、 behind all this storm、 i see that small group ofp.80glare: a fierce or angry stare; here it ref

27、ers towar fire .storm: strong wind and rain; here it refers to war or hitler s assault on the other countries.c) delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey the russian soldiers. p.80d) i suppose they will be rounded up inhordes. page 77、 para. 1、 the last sentencee) we are res

28、olved to destroy hitler and everyvestige of the nazi regime. page80、 para. 3、 lines 68f) we have rid the earth of hisshadow influence and liberated its peoples from his yokecontrol. p.808. alliterationthe repetition of the same consonant sounds orof different vowel sounds at the beginning of words o

29、r in stressed syllables、 as in頭韻：在一組詞的開頭或重讀音節(jié)中對相同輔音或不同元音的重復；如：“ on scrolls of silver snowy sentences”hart crane“寫滿銀色雪般句子的卷軸上” 哈特·克蘭 a) hearth and home p.82b) i also see the dull、 drilled、 docile 、 brutish masses of the hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.p.79let us learn t

30、he lessonsalready taught by such cruel experience. p.829. personificationa figure of speech inwhich inanimate objects orabstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human formi see the german bombers and fighters in the sky、 still smarting from many a british whippi

31、ng、 delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. p.79-8010. hyperbolea figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect、 as in i could sleep for a yearor this book weighs a ton.夸張法： 一種比如, 使用夸張來強調(diào)或產(chǎn)生某種成效,比如在我能睡一年或 這書有一噸重中5精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載if hitler inv

32、aded hell i would make at least a favourable reference to the devil in the house of commons. hitler is much eviler than the devil. p.78e.g. i will love you till the seas goes dry、 the rocks melt with the sun.我愛你到海枯石爛unit 9 mark twain mirror of americav. rhetorical devices1. simile : please refer to

33、lesson 2.e.g. 1 indeed、 this nation s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous、 patriotic、 romantic、 and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. para. 12) toms mischievousdaring、 ingenuity、and the sweet innocence of his affectionforbecky thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in american scho

34、ols today as is the declaration of independence . para. 152. metaphore.g. 1who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night . para. 12main artery of transportation in the young nation s heart. para. 33. sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a taunting and bitter manner、 and its aim is to dis

35、parage、 ridiculeand wound the feelings ofthe subject attacked. it is most often restricted to the making of brief、 unpleasant remarks that are motivated by hostility and contempt.e.g. 1iknew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.para. 62one could set a trap anywhere and catch a

36、 dozen abler man in a night. para. 134. alliteration:please refer to lesson 1.e.g. it was a splendid populationfor all the slow、 sleepy、 sluggish-brainedsloths stayed at home.it was that populationand rushing them through with a magnificentdash and daringand a recklessness of cost or consequences ”5

37、. antithesis : please refer to lesson 1.e.g. 1of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. para. 52a world which willlament them a day and forget them forever.6. euphemisme.g. 1 he triedsoldieringfortwo weeks witha motleyband of confiderateguerrillaswho diligently avoi

38、ded contact with the enemy.2) he commented witha crushing sense of despair on man s finalrelease fromearthlystruggles7. metonymy6精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載e.g.but for making money、 his pen would prove mightier thanhis pickax .unit 10 the trial that rocked the worldvii: rhetorical devices1. metaphor:no

39、one、. that may case would snowball into.our town .had taken on a circus atmosphere. the street .sprouted with .he thundered in his sonorous organ tones.champion had not scorched the infidels. after the preliminary sparring over legalities2. simile:.swept the arena like a prairie fire.a palm fan like

40、 a sword.3. metonymy.tomorrow the magazines、 the books、 the newspapers. the christian believes that man came from above. .below.4. hyperbole:the trial that rocked the worldhis reputation as an authority on scriptureis recognized throughout the world.5. ridicule:bryan、 ageing and paunchy 、 was assist

41、ed . bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.6. sarcasm:there is some doubt about that.and it is a mighty strong combination.7. transferred epithetdarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.8. antithesisthe christian believes that man came fromabove. the evolutionistbelieves that h

42、e must have come from below .9. assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn.7精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載10. repetition:the truthalways wins.the truth.the truth.11. synecdoche1) the case had erupted round my head12. oxymoron 沖突修飾法 dudley field malene called my conviction a 、“victorious defeat ”unit 11

43、whats a dictionary for.iv . rhetorical devices1. personification:the storm.that greeted. .an article in the atlanticviewed it as a disappointment. the yew york times、 . .felt itthe journal .saw.2. alliteration:.very littlelight on lincoln .on life3. sarcasm:a concept of how things get written thatth

44、rows very little light on lincoln but a great deal on life ."so simple"a thing that the writer takes plain、 downright、 man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.4. assonance:the difference between the much-touted . and the much clouted .5. synecdoche:but

45、 neither his vanity norhis purse is .metonymywhat of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used、 in place of old-fashionedoak and hinges .6. metonymythe washington post、 ."keep your old webster's"in short、 .written in the language that the3rd internationaldescribes.very littl

46、e lighton lincoln .on life7. zeugma:a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses e.g. john and his drivinglicence expired last week or to two others of which it semantically suits only one e.g.8精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載with weeping eyes and hearts. compare with syllepsi

47、s.語軛式搭配法（一種修辭手段,指將一個動詞與兩個不同的名詞或代詞等搭配使同一個動詞具有不同意義,如在 john and his driving licence expired last week 中的動詞 expired；或指將一個形容詞與兩個不同的名詞搭配, 在詞義上該形容詞雖僅適合于其中之一, 但另一搭配可產(chǎn)生不同的聯(lián)想意義,如在 with weeping eyes and hearts 中）；the issue of new york timeshail the sectohnedaausthorityand the third as a scandal to wage war and

48、 peacewith weeping eyes and hearts8. metaphorlife called it a“non-word deluge ”modern linguistics gets its charter from leonard bloomfields language 1933 but if so、 he has walked into one of lexicography s biggest booby trapsand、 sure enough、 in the definition which raised theposts blood pressureunit 15 no signposts in the seametaphor :1a new clovis、 loving what i have despised