2022年2022年高中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載高中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)定語從句為高中重點(diǎn)學(xué)問,也為高考?？键c(diǎn),大家也不簡單把握,這篇文章主要教你關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句判定關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞限制性和非限制性定語從句等內(nèi)容,有例題講解定語從句在句中做定語,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞；定語從句通常顯現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出；關(guān)系代詞有： who、 whom、 whose、 that、 which等；關(guān)系副詞有： when、 where、 why 等；18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞為人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主

2、語.賓語.定語等成分；關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一樣；1） who、 whom、 that這些詞代替的先行詞為人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語；例如：is he the man who/that wants to see you. 他就為你想見的人嗎？（who/that 在從句中作主語）he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday.他就為我昨天見的那個(gè)人；（ whom/that 在從句中作賓語）2） whose 用來指人或物,（只用作定語、 如指物,它仍可以同of which 互換）； 例如： they rushe

3、d over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙； please pass me the book whose （ of which ） cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書； 3） which、 that 所代替的先行詞為事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語.賓語等；例如： a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村顯現(xiàn)了前所未有的富強(qiáng)；（ which / that 在句中作賓語）t

4、he package （ which / that ） you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了； （ which / that 在句中作賓語）18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞為時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語；1）關(guān)系副詞when、 where、 why 的含義相當(dāng)于" 介詞 + which" 結(jié)構(gòu),因此經(jīng)常和" 介詞 + which" 結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用；例如：there are occasions when （ on which ） one must yield.任

5、何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候；beijing is the place where （ in which ） i was born.北京為我的誕生地；is this the reason why （ for which ） he refused our offer.這就為他拒絕我們幫忙他的理由嗎？2）that 代替關(guān)系副詞,可以用于表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn).方式.理由的名詞后取代when、 where、 why 和"介 +which" 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that 常被省略；例如：his father died the year（ that / when / in which ） h

6、e was born.他父親在他誕生那年逝世了；he is unlikely to find the place（ that / where / in which ） he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方；18.3 判定關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞,仍為關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞；及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語,就必需要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞就要求用關(guān)系副詞；例如：this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.這為我去年呆過的山村；i'll never forget

7、the days when i worked together with you.我永久不會(huì)遺忘與你共事的日子；判定改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）this is the mountain village where i visited last year.（錯(cuò)）i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）this is the mountain village（ which ） i visited last year.（對(duì)）i'll never forget the days（which ） i spent in the

8、 countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where、 when 聯(lián)系在一起；此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上；方法二：精確判定先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主.謂.賓.定.狀）,也能正確挑選出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞；例 1. is this museum you visited a few days age.a. whereb. thatc. on whichd. the one例 2. is this the museum the exhibition was held.a. whereb. thatc. on whichd. the one精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎

9、下載例 1 變?yōu)榇_定句：this museum is you visited a few days ago.例 2 變?yōu)榇_定句：this is the museum the exhibition was held.在句 1 中,所缺部分為賓語,而where、 that、 on which 都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one 既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選d；而句 2 中、 主.謂.賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因in the museum 詞組,可用介詞 in + which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語；而此題中,介詞on 用的不對(duì),所以選a

10、 ；關(guān)系詞的挑選依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主.定.賓語時(shí), 挑選關(guān)系代詞 （ who、 whom、 that、 which、 whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí),應(yīng)挑選關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語, when 時(shí)間狀語, why緣由狀語）；18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種；限制性定語從句為先行詞不行缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限 制性定語從句為先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開；例如： this is the house which we bought last month.這為我們上個(gè)月買

11、的那幢房子；（限制性）the house、 which we bought last month、 is very nice.這幢房子很美麗,為我們上個(gè)月買的；（非限制性）2） 當(dāng)先行詞為專出名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語從句通常為非限制性的；例如：charles smith、 who was my former teacher、 retired last year.查理 .史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)為我的老師；my house、 which i bought last year、 has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)美麗的花園；this no

12、vel、 which i have read three times、 is very touching.這本小說很動(dòng)人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍； 3） 非限制性定語從句仍能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞、 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾、 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)；例如： he seems not to have grasped what i meant、 which greatly upsets me. 他好像沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩；liquid water changes to vapor、 which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?這就叫做蒸發(fā)；說明：關(guān)系代詞that 和關(guān)系副詞

13、why 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；18.5 介 詞 + 關(guān) 系 詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略；2） that 前不能有介詞；3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)或緣由狀語的" 介詞 +關(guān)系詞 "結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和 where 互換； 例如 this is the house in which i lived two years ago.這為我兩年前住過的房子；this is the house where i lived two years ago.do you remember the day on which you joined our club.仍記得你加入

14、我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？do you remember the day when you joined our club.18.6 as、 which非限定性定語從句由 as、 which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as 和 which 可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this 或 and that ；as 一般放在句首, which 在句中 ；例如：as we know、 smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知,吸煙有害健康；the sun heats the earth、 which is very important to us.太陽使地球暖起來

15、,這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?；典型例題1） alice received an invitation from her boss、 came as a surprise.a. itb. thatc. whichd. he答案 c. 此為非限定性從句,不能用that 修飾,而用which. , it和 he 都使后句成為句子,兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接；況且選he 句意不通；2） the weather turned out to be very good、 was more than we could expect.a. whatb. whichc. thatd. it答案 b ；which 可代

16、替句子, 用于非限定性定語從句,而 what 不行；that 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it 不為連詞,使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通；3） it rained hard yesterday、 prevented me from going to the park.a. thatb. whichc. asd. it答案 b. as 和 which 在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思,且在定語從句中都精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載可以作主語和賓語；但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：（ 1） as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which 不行；（

17、 2） as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí),從句中的謂語必需為系動(dòng)詞；如為行為動(dòng)詞,就從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用 which. ；在此題中, prevent 由于為行為動(dòng)詞,所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為b ； as 的用法例 1. the samea；s suchas 中的 as 為一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)、 和一樣；例如：i have got into the same trouble as he （has） . 我遇到了跟他一樣的麻煩；例 2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有' 正如 '；例如：as we know、 smoking is harmful to one's health

18、.如我們所知,吸煙有害健康；as is known、 smoking is harmful to one's health.as 為關(guān)系代詞；例1 中的 as 作 know 的賓語；例2 中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語,謂語動(dòng)詞know 要用被動(dòng)式；18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法1）不用 that 的情形a） 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)；例如：（錯(cuò)） the tree、 that is four hundred years old、 is very famous here.b） 介詞后不能用；例如： we depend on the land from which we get our food

19、.我們依靠土地獲得食物；we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2） 只 能 用 that 作 為 定 語 從 句 的 關(guān) 系 代 詞 的 情 況 a）在 there be 句型中,只用that ,不用 which； b）在不定代詞, 如：anything、 nothing、 the one、 all、 much、 few、 any、 little 等作先行詞時(shí), 只用 that ,不用 which. c）先行詞有the only、 the very 修飾時(shí),只用that ； d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞.數(shù)詞.形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只用th

20、at ；. e）先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)；例如：all that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只為供油問題；finally、 the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察；定語從句1.the place interested me most was the children's palace.a. whichb. wherec. whatd. in which 2.do you know the man .a. whom i spokeb. t

21、o who spokec. i spoke tod. that i spoke3. this is the hotel last month.a. which they stayedb. at that they stayedc. where they stayed atd. where they stayed4. do you know the year the chinese communist party was founded.a. whichb. thatc. whend. on which 5.that is the day i'll never forget.a. whi

22、chb. on whichc. in whichd. when6. the factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.a. whereb. to whichc. whichd. in which7. great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. whereb. thatc. whichd. there 8.this is one of the best films .a. tha

23、t have been shown this yearb. that have shownc. that has been shown this yeard. that you talked 9.can you lend me the book the other day.a. about which you talkedb. which you talkedc. about that you talkedd. that you talked 10.the pen he is writing is mine.a. with whichb. in whichc. on whichd. by wh

24、ich 11.they arrived at a farmhouse、 in front of sat a small boy.a. whom b. who c. which d. that12. the engineer my father works is about 50 years old.a. to whomb. on whomc. with whichd. with whom 13.it there anyone in your class family is in the country.a. whob. who'sc. whichd. whose14. i'm

25、interested in you have said.a. all thatb. all whatc. thatd. which15.i want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.a. whichb. whoc. whatd. as 16.he isn't such a man he used to be.a. whob. whomc. thatd. as17. he is good at english、 we all know.a. thatb. asc. whomd. what 18.li ming、 to the c

26、oncert enjoyed it very much.a. i went withb. with whom i wentc. with who i wentd.i went with him19.i don't like as you read.a. the novelsb. the such novelsc. such novelsd. same novels 20.he talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.a. whichb. thatc. whomd. what 21.the l

27、etter is from my sister、 is working in beijing.a. whichb. thatc. whomd. who22. in our factory there are 2、000 workers、 two thirds of are women.a. themb. whichc. whomd. who 23.you're the only person i've ever met could do it.a. who;/b./; whomc. whom;/d./; who24.i lost a book、 i can't reme

28、mber now.a. whose titleb. its titlec. the title of itd. the title of that25. last summer we visited the west lake、 hangzhou is famous in the world.a. for whichb. for thatc. in whichd. what26.i have bought such a watch was advertised on t. va. thatb. whichc. asd. it27.i can never forget the day we wo

29、rked together and the day we spent together.a. when; whichb. which; whenc. what; thatd. on which; when 28.the way he looks at problems is wrong.a. whichb. whosec. whatd./29. this is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.a. in whichb. with whichc. thatd. for which 30.this machine、 for many yea

30、rs、 is still working perfectly.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. after which i have lookedb. which i have looked afterc. that i have looked afterd. i have looked after 31.the reason he didn't come was he was ill.a. why; thatb.that;whyc. for that;thatd.for which;what 32.he is working hard、 will make him

31、pass the final exam.a.thatb.whichc.for whichd.who 33.that is not the way i do it.a./b.whichc.for whichd.with which34.i have two grammars、 are of great use.a. all of whichb. either of whichc. both of thatd. both of which35.i want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.a. as wasb. w

32、hich wasc. as wered. which36. my neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble、 was very kind of them.a. whob. whichc. thatd. it 37.this is the magazine i copied the paragraph.a. thatb. whichc. from thatd. from which 38.he is not such a man would leave his work half done.a. thatb. whichc. wh

33、od. as39. you can depend on whatever promise he makes.a. /b. whyc. whend. whose40. smoking、 is a bad habit、 is、 however、 popular.a. thatb. whichc. itd. though41. - did you ask the guard happened.- yes、 he told me all he knew.a. what; thatb. what; whatc. which; whichd. that; that42. i shall never for

34、get those years i lived on the farm with the farmers、 has a great effect on my life.a. when; whob. that; whichc. which; thatd. when; which43. the number of the people who cars increasing.a. owns; areb. owns; isc. own; isd. own; are44. during the days 、 he worked as a servant at the browns.a. followe

35、db. followingc. to followd. that followed45. is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn.a. thatb. /c. whichd. it46. the clever boy made a hole in the wall、 he could see was going on inside house.a. which; whatb. through which; whatc. through that; whatd. what; that47. is some german friends visited last

36、 week.a. this schoolb. this the schoolc. this school oned. this school where48. john got beaten in the game、 had been expected.a. asb. thatc. whatd. who49. i have bought two ballpens、 writes well.a. none of themb. neither of themc. neither of whichd. none of which50. all that can be eaten eaten up.a

37、. are beingb. has beenc. had beend. have been參考答案一 單項(xiàng)挑選定語從句15 a c a b a610 b c c a d1115 c b d d a 1620 d c a b b2126 b b b a d d參考答案及解析1. a. which 用作關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作主語；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載2 c. " 和誰講話 ”要說 speak to sb. 此題全句應(yīng)為do you know the man whom i spoke to.；whom 為關(guān)系代詞,作介詞to的賓語,可以省略；3. d. wher

38、e 為關(guān)系副詞,表示地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；4. c. when 為關(guān)系副詞,表示時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語；5 a. which 為關(guān)系代詞,在從句中作forget 的賓語；其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語；6 c. 解析同第5 題；7. a. 解析見第3 題；8. a. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)當(dāng)為films、 因此, 關(guān)系代詞that 為負(fù)數(shù)概念, 其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have been shown；假如句中的one 前面使用了定冠詞the,就 the one 應(yīng)當(dāng)視為先行詞；9. a.談“到某事物 ”應(yīng)說 talk about sth. ；about 為介詞,其后要用which 作賓語

39、,不能用that；10. a. withwhich 為" 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 " 結(jié)構(gòu) 、常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with 有" 用"的意思 、介詞之后只能用which、 不能用 that. with which 在定語從句中作狀語、即 he is writing with a pen.11. c. in front of which即 in front of a farmhouse. in front of which在從句中作狀語.12. d. with whom引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom 放在從句中即為:my father works with t

40、he engineer.13. d. whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句、在從句中作主語family 的定語 .14. a. that 引導(dǎo)定語從句 、由于先行詞為all、所以只能選用that 引導(dǎo) .15. d. the same為.a固s定用法 、 as 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)、可以作主語 、賓語或表語 .在本句話中 、as 作從句的主語.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載16. d. such為a固s定用法 、as 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)、可以作主語 、賓語或表語 .在此題中 、as 作表語 .精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載17. b. as 作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

41、；這時(shí)as 所指代的不為主句中某個(gè)名詞,而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義； as 在從句中可以作主語.賓語；從句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前；在本句中、as 作賓語 .18. b. li ming enjoyed it very much為主句 、with whom i went to the concert為定語從句 .with whom 放在從句中為:i went to the concert with li ming.19. c. as 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成suchas 或 the samea固s 定搭配, 其中 such 和 same 修飾其后的名詞, as 為關(guān)系代詞,指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定

42、語從句；as 在從句中可以作主語.表語或賓語；such 修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)、要用 such a.、 此題中 such books、 such 直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. b. things 和 persons 為先行詞 .當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞為既表示人、又表示物的名詞時(shí)、其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21. d. who 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句、who 作從句的主語.22. c. two thirds of whom即:two thirds of the 2、000 workers.23. d.先行詞 person 后有兩個(gè)定語從句、第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom. 由于 、 whom 作從句中met

43、 的賓語 、可以省略 .其次個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語、不行省略 .24. a. whose title 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句、whose title 也可以說成the title of which25. a. for which引導(dǎo)定語從句 、使用介詞for、 為來自于從句中的固定短語be famous for " 以.而著名 ".26. c. 當(dāng)先行詞被such 修飾時(shí) 、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as. as 在本從句中作主語.27. a. 兩個(gè)先行詞the day 都為表示時(shí)間的名詞、但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語、因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.其次個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent 的賓語 、因此要用關(guān)系代詞which 或 that 來引導(dǎo)定語從句.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載28. d. 在 way.distance.direction 等詞后的定語從句中,常用that 來代替 “ in 或 that 常可省略；29. d. for which在定語從句中作緣由狀語、可用 why來替