外文翻譯外商直接投資對中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生的影響

1、外文翻譯-外商直接投資對中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生的影響 本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目 The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Productivity of Chinas Automotive Industry 出 處 Management International ReviewVolune47Number5 作 者 Peter J BuckleyJeremy CleggPing ZhengPamela A SilerGianluigi Giorgioni 原 文The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment

2、 on the Productivity of Chinas Automotive IndustryAbstract and Key Results This study contributes to the existing literature by empirically investigating the effect of FDI inflows on the aggregate labour productivity of Chinas automotive industry A production function model is developed using a pane

3、l data set at sub-sector level Two statistical models pooled ordinary least squares model POLS and fixed effects model FES were used to estimate the influence of foreign direct investment on aggregate labour productivity in the industry Inward FDI plays a positive role in increasing industrial produ

4、ctivity implying that the government should continue to encourage inward investment However the results also suggest that efforts to increase capital intensity and average firm size in the industry will also improve labour productivityKey WordsForeign Direct Investment Automotive Industry ChinaIntro

5、ductionThere is increasing interest in the impact of foreign direct investment FDI on host country productivity However contradictory empirical results have been obtained from a number of previous studies Kokko et al 1994 1996 Egger and Pfaffermayr 2001 Blomstrm and Persson 1983 and Bertschek 1995 f

6、or example found evidence of a significant positive effect of FDI on spillovers Haddad and Harrison 1993 Girma et al 2001 Kholdy 1995 Globerman 1979 and Veugelers and Houte 1990 however found insignificant or negative impacts in their empirical results Interestingly Aitken and Harrison 1999 Zukowska

7、-Gagelmann 2000 and Djankov and Hoekman 2000 obtained a complicated pattern of mixed results in their respective studies This paper adds to this important field of research by examining the impact of FDI on Chinas automotive industrial productivity using a panel data setThe automotive industry is ch

8、osen for several reasons First the automotive industry is one of the six key industries1 in China It has expanded rapidly over the reform years and typically accounts for a large and increasing share of industrial production output exports and employment In 1999 total sales of Chinas autoindustry we

9、re about US 38 billion accounting for nearly 4 percent of the countrys GDP In 1998 seven million employees worked in the auto-industry accounting for 33 percent of the total Chinese urban workforce Harwit 2001 The automotive industry particularly in industrialised countries is a focus of attention d

10、ue to its major contribution to GDP and employment Irandoust 1999 Historically in the USA Japan and South Korea automotive exports have been an important element of foreign trade Further the development of Chinas automotive industry has been driven by both domestic policy and foreign economic partic

11、ipation Through studying this sector it is possible to investigate issues both of industrialisation in general and the impact of technology transfer in particular Harwit 1995 It is also important to note that there has been a significant amount of FDI in the Chinese automotive industry By the end of

12、 2000 the cumulative actually used FDI2 in the automotive industry reached US 454 billion accounting for 13 percent of total realised FDI in China Moreover China is also one of the largest automobile markets in the world and has become the most important destination for FDI by automobile multination

13、al enterprises MNEs especially since Chinas entry into the World Trade Organisation WTO WTO entry however has forced Chinas automotive industry to face fierce international competition As Sit and Liu 2000 point out Chinas entry into the WTO has two effects on Chinas automotive industry one is the gr

14、adual reduction of tariffs on imported automobiles and components and the other is the further opening of the industry to FDI With increasing inflows of FDI into the industry it is essential to improve our understanding of the effects of FDI on the productivity of the industryThe rest of the paper i

15、s organised as follows Section 2 provides a background on FDI in the Chinese automotive industry Section 3 discusses the theoretical framework and reviews the relevant literature Section 4 focuses on the empirical analysis discussing the model data and methodology Section 5 presents the empirical re

16、sults and the last section summarises the key conclusions and policy implicationsFDI in Chinas Automotive IndustryAccording to the Chinese Automotive Industry Yearbook 1999 the development of Chinas automotive industry after 1949 when the Peoples Republic of China was established can be split into t

17、hree different phases The period 1949-65 can be termed the early starting stage The growing up stage can be thought of as the time period 1966-80 From 1981 onwards Chinas automotive industry has been in a rapidly developing stageSince the 1950s the Chinese government has made several attempts to int

18、roduce Soviet-style structures and methods in order to achieve the goal of industrialisation Chinas automotive industry originated with the founding of the First Automotive Works FAW in Changchun Jilin province which is now the largest state-owned auto-maker in China In July 1953 China and the Sovie

19、t Union reached an agreement to introduce Soviet automotive technology and assembly lines to produce medium trucks with a projected capacity of 30000 units Chinas first truck was produced by FAW in 1956 marking the birth of Chinas automotive industry The Nanjing Automotive Works were set up in March

20、 1958 Beijing Automotive Works in June of the same year Jinan Automotive Works in April 1960 and Shanghai Automotive works in October 1960 The Chinese automotive industry then had five production bases and 104 plants including one vehicle assembler one motor engine maker sixteen repair plants and ei

21、ghteen motor and motorcycle parts producers In 1965 40542 units of automotive vehicles were produced of which only 133 were cars see Table 1 accounting for 03 percent of total outputChinas automotive industry advanced in the second growing up stage In March 1966 Sichuan Automotive Works was set up i

22、n Chongqing Sichuan province In April 1967 Second Automotive Works SAW was set up in Shiyan Hubei province which was later renamed Dongfeng Automotive Corporation in 1992 In March 1978 Shannxi Automotive Works was set up in Xian Moreover three new firms emerged as important automotive vehicle produc

23、tion sites in Tianjin Shenyang and Wuhan During this period most of the provinces and autonomous regions and even the cities of China set up local automotive production By 1980 the number of automotive enterprises had risen to 2379 consisting of 56 vehicle manufacturers 129 repair plants 24 motorcyc

24、le makers 33 motor engine makers and 2076 parts producersIn 1980 222288 units of automotive vehicles were produced of which 135500 were trucks and 5418 were cars see Table 1 accounting for 61 percent and 24 percent of the total output respectivelyHowever owing to the absence of competition all produ

25、ction units ran at low levels of productivity and efficiency Central planning also created a further problem of restricted product scope in terms of limited product lines The result was a fragmented production system with severe overcapacity in auto production nation-wide characterised by production

26、 at levels below minimum efficient scale in each provinceThe opening up of Chinas economy brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges for its automotive industry Domestic demand for cars initially dominated by demand from the government sector for official use rose rapidly in the 1980s Howeve

27、r Chinas vehicle producers were truck makers rather than car makers The car industry was a minor part of vehicle production during the first three decades of Chinas socialist economy and was unable to meet the increasing demand for cars Since the early 1980s Chinese car imports have increased dramat

28、ically see Table 1 譯 文外商直接投資對中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生的影響摘要和主要成果本研究的貢獻(xiàn)在于通過對現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)對外國直接投資流入對中國的汽車行業(yè)總體勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的影響進(jìn)行實(shí)證調(diào)查一個(gè)生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型采用小組在分部門級(jí)別設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)兩種統(tǒng)計(jì)模型匯集普通最小二乘模型油料和固定效應(yīng)模型電刺激被用來估計(jì)總體上外國直接投資在同行業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的影響工業(yè)生產(chǎn)力在外來直接投資中起著越來越積極的作用這意味著政府應(yīng)該繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)外來投資然而調(diào)查結(jié)果還表明努力提高行業(yè)資本密集度和企業(yè)平均規(guī)模也將提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率關(guān)鍵詞外商直接投資汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中國簡介 有越來越多的外國直接投資對東道國生產(chǎn)率的影響產(chǎn)生興趣然而從以前的一

29、些研究得到了矛盾的實(shí)證結(jié)果 Kokko等1994年1996年埃格和Pfaffermayr2001年Blomstrm和佩爾松1983年和Bertschek1995例如發(fā)現(xiàn)了外國直接投資對溢出效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生了重大的積極影響的證據(jù) Haddad和哈里森1993年吉爾馬等 2001年Kholdy1995Globerman1979以及Veugelers和Houte1990然而實(shí)證結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)無足輕重或者在實(shí)證結(jié)果中是產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響有趣的是艾特肯和Harrison1999Zukowska - Gagelmann2000Djankov和Hoekman2000年在他們各自研究的好壞參半結(jié)果中獲得的復(fù)雜模式本文

30、通過審查的外國直接投資對中國的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的影響采用面板數(shù)據(jù)集補(bǔ)充了這一重要的研究領(lǐng)域選擇汽車行業(yè)有幾個(gè)原因首先汽車業(yè)是在中國六個(gè)關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)業(yè)之一它具在改革數(shù)年間迅速擴(kuò)大通常用于說明工業(yè)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量出口和就業(yè)中巨大的增加的份額 1999年在中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的銷售總額約為380億美元接近國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之四 1998年七百萬名員工在汽車行業(yè)工作占城市勞動(dòng)力總數(shù)的百分之三點(diǎn)三Harwit 2001汽車行業(yè)特別是在工業(yè)化國家其國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和就業(yè)是一個(gè)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)Irandoust 1999年從歷史上看美國日本韓國汽車出口一直是對外貿(mào)易的重要組成部分此外中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展是國內(nèi)政策和國外經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與共同推動(dòng)的通過

31、研究這個(gè)部門能夠調(diào)查一般產(chǎn)業(yè)化的問題尤其是技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移的影響Harwit 1995年中國汽車行業(yè)的外國直接投資的數(shù)額也很重要到2000年底汽車行業(yè)累計(jì)利用外商直接投資總額已達(dá)到454億美元占對外直接投資在中國的總額的百分之十三此外中國也是世界上最大的汽車市場之一已成為跨國汽車企業(yè)跨國公司對外直接投資最重要目的地特別是在中國進(jìn)入加入世界貿(mào)易組織世貿(mào)組織以后 加入世貿(mào)組織迫使中國汽車行業(yè)面臨激烈的國際競爭由薛和劉2000指出中國加入世貿(mào)組織對中國汽車行業(yè)有兩個(gè)影響一方面是逐漸減少對進(jìn)口汽車和零部件的關(guān)稅另一方面該行業(yè)的進(jìn)一步向外國直接投資開放隨著該行業(yè)的外國直接投資的流入有必要提高我們外商直接投資對行

32、業(yè)的生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生的影響的認(rèn)識(shí)本文的其余部分條理如下第2節(jié)提供了外國直接投資在中國汽車行業(yè)的背景第3節(jié)討論一些理論的框架結(jié)構(gòu)以及有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)的回顧第4節(jié)側(cè)重于實(shí)證分析討論了模型數(shù)據(jù)和方法第5節(jié)是實(shí)證模型的分析結(jié)果最后一節(jié)概括的結(jié)論和政策含義中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中的外國直接投資根據(jù)中國汽車工業(yè)年鑒1999在中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)在1949年的發(fā)展當(dāng)中華人民共和國成立后可以分成三個(gè)不同的階段這一時(shí)期1949年至1965年可稱為早期起步階段1966年至1980年期間被認(rèn)為是生長階段從1981年起中國汽車行業(yè)一直處于快速發(fā)展階段 20世紀(jì)50年代以來中國政府已經(jīng)多次嘗試引進(jìn)蘇聯(lián)式的結(jié)構(gòu)和方法以實(shí)現(xiàn)中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的工業(yè)化中國汽車

33、行業(yè)起源于吉林省長春市的第一汽車制造廠一汽這是目前中國成立的最大的國有汽車制造商1953年7月中國和蘇聯(lián)達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議以引進(jìn)蘇聯(lián)的汽車技術(shù)和組裝線生產(chǎn)能力為年產(chǎn)3萬臺(tái)預(yù)計(jì)中型卡車中國第一輛卡車是1956年一汽生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)志著中國汽車行業(yè)的誕生南京汽車集團(tuán)成立于1958年3月北京汽車制造廠同年六月成立濟(jì)南汽車制造廠于1960年4月成立上海汽車工程廠于1960年10月成立當(dāng)時(shí)的中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)有五個(gè)生產(chǎn)基地104車輛組裝廠一個(gè)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造商十六個(gè)修理廠十八個(gè)汽車摩托車零部件生產(chǎn)商 1965年生產(chǎn)了40542輛汽車只有133輛是轎車見表1占總產(chǎn)量的百分之零點(diǎn)三中國的汽車行業(yè)進(jìn)入了第二個(gè)成長階段 1966年3

34、月四川汽車制造廠成立于重慶四川 1967年4月第二汽車制造廠鋸成立于湖北省十堰后來在1992年更名為東風(fēng)汽車公司 1978年3月陜西汽車制造廠在西安成立此外三家新公司在天津沉陽武漢等生產(chǎn)基地生產(chǎn)出重要的汽車在此期間各省自治區(qū)甚至是中國大多數(shù)城市建立了當(dāng)?shù)氐钠嚿a(chǎn)基地到1980年汽車企業(yè)的數(shù)量已上升到2379有56個(gè)汽車制造商129家修理廠摩托車制造商24個(gè)33個(gè)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造商2076個(gè)零部件生產(chǎn)商1980年制造了222288輛的汽車其中135500輛卡車和5418輛轎車見表1分別占總比重的百分之六十一和二點(diǎn)四然而由于缺乏競爭所有的單位產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)水平和效率都較低中央計(jì)劃也造成了產(chǎn)品線有限及產(chǎn)品范圍受限等進(jìn)一步問題其結(jié)果是嚴(yán)重的產(chǎn)能過剩與分散生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)汽車生產(chǎn)的全國性各省按生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)以低于最低有效