2022年2022年初中英語語法系列復習專題動詞時態(tài)被動語態(tài)

1、精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載一.一般現在時語法系列復習專題 -動詞時態(tài),被動語態(tài)精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載1 .一般現在時表示常常發(fā)生.習慣性動作.客觀真理.科學事實.格言, 目前的特點.狀態(tài).才能等；2. 主句為一般將來時 、時間.條件狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來；如：i llgo thereafterifinishmywork./ifitrainstomorrow、iwont go there.3. 在以 here、there開頭的句子里, go、come 等少數動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作；例如

2、：there goes the bell.鈴響了； there comes the bus.汽車來了； here she comes. 她來了；二.現在進行時1. 表示正在進行的動作；2. 表示按方案支配即將發(fā)生的動作；例如：she isleavingforbeijing.她要去北京；he is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師；my father is coming to see me this saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我；3. 代替一般現在時,描畫更加生動；例如：the changjiang river is flowing i

3、nto the east.江水滾滾向東流；the sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起；4. 大多數動詞可用于進行時,但也有些動詞不用于進行時；常見的有：exist、live、understand、mean、owe、belongto 、know、doubt、suppose、remember、forget、believe、trust、want、wish、refuse、like、hate、dislike、prefer、mind、hope等；三.現在完成時1. 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果,或說話時已完成的動作；例如： i have finished t

4、he report./ she has cleand the room.2. 表示從過去開頭, 待續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài), 往往和“ for”、 “since”表述的一段時間狀語連用；例如：he has learnedenglishforsixyears./they have worked here since they left college.3. 現在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)分：1）用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作,現在完成時強調這一過去動作對現在產生的影響或結果,而一般過去時只表達過去的動作或狀態(tài),和現在關系不大；例如：she has cleaned the room.its very

5、 cleannow. 此句 has cleaned就不能改為cleaned. 一為由于 cleaned與現狀無關,二為由于一般過去時不行 突然跳到 it s這樣的一般現在時； 2）漢語中的“了”.“過”.“曾”等詞常用完成表達,如：ihave seenthatfilm.（我看過那部電影了； ）但為假如為在特定的過去時間“看了” .“做過”,就不行用完成時而必需用一般過去進來表達；例如：whendid you see that film. i saw it yesterday.你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的； 不能說：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載when h

6、ave you seen that film.i have seen it yesterday.4. 表示“曾經到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”、 表示“到某地去了（仍未回來）”用“have/has gone to”. 例如： where is li hua. he has gone to the reading-room. she knows a lot about shanghai.she has been there.5. 短暫動詞（即瞬時動詞）,join、 lose、 buy、 borrow、 leave、 go、 come、arrive、 die、 mar

7、ry、 finish、 complete、 begin、 start、 break out等,在完成時態(tài)中,其確定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用；例如不能說：he has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了；”可采 用 1）“ ago 法”： he finished the work three hours ago.2）“連續(xù)法”：hehas been throughwiththework forthreehours.3 ）“ since 法”：itis/has been three hours since he finished

8、the work.四.現在完成進行時1. 用來表示從過去某一時刻開頭始終連續(xù)到現在（或今后仍要連續(xù)一去）的動作；例如： he has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ it has been raining for two days.2. 凡為不能用于現在進行時的動詞均不能用于現成完成進行時；五.一般過去時表達特定的過去時間內發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況,或過去某一時間內常常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為；六.過去進行時1. 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）；例如：he was preparing his l

9、ecture all day yesterday.2. 表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進行；例如：they were stillworking when i left.3. 用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發(fā)生；例如：i waswritingwhilehe waswatching tv.4. 表示過去將來動作；例如：he said she was arriving the next day.七.過去完成時1. 表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作；例如：hehad shut the door beforethe dog cameup./everythinghad been allrightup til

10、lthismorning.2. 表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開頭始終連續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成,甚至仍要連續(xù)下去；例如：at the age of ten、hehad learned500 english words.he had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3. 常用 hope、expect、think、intend、want、suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現的期望.準備或意圖；例如：wehad expectedthatyou would be able to win the match.八.一般將來時一般將來時表示將

11、來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況；有以下一些形式：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載1. will/shall do（側重將來行為,不突出方案支配去做某事）2. be going to do 主觀上準備或客觀上可能發(fā)生3. be doing 按方案將要發(fā)生,常和表示最近的將來時間連用 4.be about to do 按方案即將發(fā)生 九.將來完成時用來表示在將來某個時刻 （前）將完成的動作；常和 by 短語,when、before引起的時間狀語連用；例如：wewillhave finishedseniorbook 2 by theend of this term.時態(tài)考點

12、分析1 can i join your club、dad. you can when you a bit older.nmeta. getb.will getc.are gettingd.will have got析：“you can”為將來意, when引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現在時表將來所以此題答案為 a.2 oh、it s you.i you. i ve just had my hair cut and im wearing new glasses. a.didn t recognizeb.hadnt recognized c.havent recognizedd.dont recon

13、gnize析：從“ oh、it s you. ”可知說話時已認出對方；“沒有認出”為在此之前為過去情形,所以應選a.3.i dont think jim saw me;he into space.nmeta.juststaredb.wasjuststaringc.hasjuststaredd.had just stared析：在空白處應選一個與“saw”相配,能說明 jim didn t see me這一緣由的選項,只有著眼于 a.b；如選 a 不能體觀他 “當時正在做” 某事, 故排除 a 而選 b；這樣由于“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”；4. my glasses. yes、i sa

14、w them on your bed a minute ago.nmeta.do you seeb.had you seenc.would you seed.have you seen析：現在完成時可表過去發(fā)生的事情對現在產生的影響或結果,問話人以這樣的時態(tài)發(fā)問可作現著急的心情；故答案為d；5. you don t need to describe her.i her several times.nmeta. had metb.have metc.metd.meet析：答案 b；道理同 4；6. do you know our town at all. no、this is the first

15、 time i here.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載a. wasb.have beenc.camed.am going析：依據 this/it is the first/second/time sb.has done sth.句型,可定答案為 b；又如： this is the second time he has visited the great wall.i. dontreallyworkhere.i untilthenewsecretary arrives.nmeta. just help outb. have just helped outc. a

16、m just helping outd. will just help out析：依據 i don t really work here.以及until the new secretary arrives、可知說話人所要做的事為方案支配行為,c.d 兩個選項都表將來動作,但d 非方案支配, c 就表達按方案去做,所以此題答案為c；8. is this raincoat yours. no、 mine there behind the door.nmeta. is hangingb. has hungc. hangsd. hung析：此題的“懸掛”為指現狀而言,故表過去“掛”的b.d 項可排除；

17、 c 項雖指“現在掛”,但側重在常規(guī),習慣；為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不為我的,我的正掛在門后”這一意思,選a 為極為合情理的；被動語態(tài)一.被動語態(tài)的句型1. 常見句式為：主語（受動者）be過去分詞（ by施動者）例如： he was scolded by the english teacher.2. 主語 get 過去分詞其它成分例如：the boy got drowned lastsummer./ shegot firedbecause of her faults.留意：使用這種結構不能帶有“by施動者”3. 帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳?其主語可以為 直接賓語, 也可

18、以為間接賓語； 例如：she lentmea bike.被動： 1）i was lent a bikeby her.2） a bike was lent to meby her.4. 情態(tài)動詞 be過去分詞例如： this problem must be worked out in half an hour.5. 雙重被動式：主語被動式謂語不定式的被動式其它成分例 如 ； thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthe reading-room./the murderer was ordered to be shot.二.主動表示被動的幾種情形1. 不

19、及物動詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質和狀態(tài)；常見動詞為：cut、sell、read、write、fill、cook、lock、wash、drive、keep等；例如：this knife cuts well.這把刀好切； these books sell well.這些書好賣； the pen writessmoothly. 這支筆寫起來流暢； meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載在這樣熱的天氣里放不長期；the cloth washes well.這種布好洗；2. 一些連 系動 詞的

20、 主動式 形 容詞 ；常 見動 look、smell、taste、sound、feel、prove、turn out等；例如： the apples taste good./theflowersmellswonderful./thenewsproved/turnedout true./cotton feels soft.注： prove也可用于被動式,如：his answerwas proved right.3. 不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語有動賓關系；常見形容詞有：hard、defficult、easy、heavy、fit、good、comfortable、convenient、impo

21、ssible等 ； 例 如 ： theproblemiseasytodo./thequestionisdifficulttoanswer./the box is heavy to carry./the project is impossible to complete in a year. 比 較 ： the problem is to be done./the question is to be answered. 沒有形容詞時,雖然不定式與主語為動賓關系,但必需用被動式；三.簡單誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情形：1.i teach myself french.不行變?yōu)閙yself is taught

22、 french.由于反身代詞不行作主語；2. we help each other/one another.不行變?yōu)?each other/one another is helped by us.由于相互代詞不行作主語；3. helostheart.不 可 變 為 heartwas lostbyhim. 因 為 象lose heart、make a face、keep silence、lose in thought這類動賓結構的固定短語只能用于主動式,不能用被動式；4. shetook partin the sportsmeet. 不能變?yōu)?the sportsmeet was taken p

23、artinby her. 由于象 takepartin、belongto 、own、have、hate、fail、contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)；被動語態(tài)考點分析1.i need one more stamp before my collection .nmeta. hascompletedb.completesc.hasbeen completedd.is completed析： complete 為及物動詞,“郵集”為被人完成的,須從表被動意的c.d 中選擇；又因 before等引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現在時表將來,所以此題答案為 d；2. do you like the

24、material. yes、it very soft.nmeta. is feelingb. feltc. feelsd. is felt析：觀看題干,空白線后無賓語,可知feel為不及物動詞,表“（某物）摸起來”意思 、 為連系動詞,不能用于被動式,也不用進行時；依據此題對話情形,為指某種材料的常規(guī)特性,要用一般現在時,不能用過去時,故答案為c；feel作“感覺”.“認為”.“摸”等意時為及物動詞,可帶賓語,有時態(tài),語態(tài)等精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載變化；3greatchanges factories .nmet

25、inthecity、andalotof精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. have been taken placehave been set upb. have taken placehave been set upc. have taken placehave set upd. were taken placewere set up析： take place（發(fā)生）為不及物動詞,不行用于被動語態(tài),于為可排除a.d,又因 set up建造 為及物動詞,在此題中應當用被動式,故排除c,答案為 b；4. mostoftheartists tothepartywerefromsou

26、th africa.nmeta. invitedb.to invitec.being invitedd.had beeninvited析：第一可排除 b；由于它不表示“被邀請”；又因 d 項少引導詞 who,也應排除；a 項 who were invited、c 項 who were being invited、 由象 invite 這類短暫動詞的現在分詞被動式不行作后置定語,故也應排除；因而可定答案為 a；5.idontknowtherestaurant、butit s tobequiteagoodone.nmeta.saidb.toldc.spokend.talked析：依據“某人 / 某

27、物據說”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said”可定答案為 a；又如： he is said to be a clever boy.據說他為一個聰慧的男孩；6.thepolice things .nmetfoundthatthehouse andalotofa. has broken intohas been stolenb. has broken intohad beenstolenc. has been broken intostolend. had been broken intostolen 析：“房屋被人闖入”,“東西被偷”都為被動語態(tài),故可排除a.b；因 c 項中的 has be

28、en broken into不能置于 found 之后,就答案只能為d；7.i promise that the matter will .nmeta. be taden careb.be taken care ofc. take cared.takecareof析： takecare of為固定短語,如無of 就不行帶賓語,只能跟that從句；所以此題答案為 b；8. if city noises from increasing、people shout to be heardeven at the dinner table 20 years from now.nmeta.are not k

29、eptwill have tob.are not kepthave toc.do not keepwill have tod.do not keephave to析：觀看題干,第一處必需用被動式,答案只能在a.b 中選一；條件句用一般現在時,主句應為一般將來時,故答案為a；精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載9. the olympic games、 in 776 bc、did not includewomenplayersuntil 1912.nmeta. firstplayingb.tobefirstplayedc.first playedd.to be firs

30、t playing析；要表達“被舉辦”,只能在b.c 中選； b 意“將要首次舉辦”；明顯不合in 776 bc這一過去時間,只有c,first playedwhich was first played才合用；故答案為c；10. this sentence needs .a.aimprovementb.improvec.improvingd.improved析：初看此題似手 a.c 皆可,但 improvement 為元音開頭詞,其前要用 an、 故排除； need 作實義動詞,和 require、want 一樣,后面可跟 doing 或 to be done 表“需要被 ”意；如： the

31、door needs/wants/requires painting/to bepainted.這扇門需要漆一下； i. shouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty、but i invited.a. am notb.haven t beenc.was notd.will not be析： should/wouldliketo have done sth. 意“本想做某事”,例如：ishould like to have seen the film、but it wasnt possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”,所以 but 后的句子也應當為過去時態(tài)與之

32、相協作,故此題答案為c；12. the note to mr smith. no、it is still in my pocket.a. isbeinggivenb.wasgivenc.hasbeengivend.hasntbeen given析：依據問句與答句,問話人明顯為留意結果,故要用現在完成時；好像d 作為反詰句“莫非條仍沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立,但如為這種口氣發(fā)問,答話人就應答“ sorry.it is still in my pocket.”、 所以此題答案應為c；13. we heard it that he had gone to new york.a. sayb.saidc

33、.to sayd.be said析： it was said that可以改為 we heard it said that 都表示“據說”之意 ；前一種說法中it為形式主語,后一種說法中it為形式賓語；故此題答案為 b；動詞時態(tài).語態(tài)專練1. the maths problem can be .a. easy worked outb.easy to be worked out c.easily worked outd.easily to work out2. every possible means 、but none proves successful.a. hasbeentriedb.tr

34、iedc.isbeingtriedd.has精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載tried3. the girl is to a rich man.a. marrywithb.bemarriedc.marrytod.bemarriedto4. he received a telegram that “mother sick”.a. wroteb.saysc.readsd.read 5.who can you imagine to his wedding party.a.invitingb.beinginvitedc.wasinvitedd.tobe invited6.

35、i ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.nmeta. gaveb.was givenc.was givingd.had given7. will somebody go and get dr.white. hes already been .nmeta. asked forb.sent forc.called ford.looked fora. conductor to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.a. needsb.is needingc.was neededd.

36、has been needed 9.when and where to build the new factory yet.a.isnotdecidedb.arenotdecidedc.hasnot decidedd.have not decided10. ways to stop pollution by now.a. must findb.willbe foundc.arefoundd.havebeenfoundi. dont want anything about it.a. to sayb.saidc.sayingd.having said12. that the sports mee

37、t might be put off. yes、it all depends on the weather.a.i ve been toldb.ive toldc.im toldd.i tolda. librarywithfivethousand books to thenationas a gift.nmeta. is offeredb.has offeredc.are offeredd.have offered14. betty has never been heard ill of others.a. speakb.spokenc.to speakd.was said 15.tom to

38、 have delivered the speech in their theatre room.a.saidb.saysc.is saidd.was said16. what do you think of the book. oh、excellent.its worth a second time.nmeta. to readb.to be readc.readingd.being read 17.little jim should love to the theatre this evening.nmeta.to be takenb.to takec.being takend.takin

39、g.18. more attention、the trees could have grown better.nmet精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載a.g ivenb.to givec.givingd.having given19. where the book.i cant see it anywhere. i it right here but now its gone.a. did you put;have putb.have you put;putc.had you put;was puttingd.were you putting;have put 2

40、0.he would not fail so long as he hard the next term.a.studiedb.would studyc.had studiedd.studies 21.how long the english party .精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載lastedb.did;lastc.was;lastedd.will;be lasted 22.what you this time next friday.a.has;been精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載a.will;dob.have;been doingc.are;doin

41、gd.will;bedoing23. hardly the bell when the teacher came in.a. did;ringb.would;ringc.has;rungd.had;rung 24.it and the streets were still wet.a. hadbeenrainingb.rainedc.hadbeen rainedd.would rain25. the book on theground fortenminutesbutno noe has pickeditup.a. is lyingb.has lainc.layd.has been lying

42、 26.we there when it to rain.a.were getting;would beginb.were about to get;began c.had got;had begund.would get;began27. the teacher said we ten lessons by the end of this term.a. should have studiedb.were going to study c.have studiedd.should study28. she told me she had met you in london last year

43、. you her since.a.h ad;metb.did;seec.would;meetd.have;seen29. when again. when he 、i ll let you know.a. will he come;will comeb.will he come;comec.he comes;comesd.will he come;comes 30.tom for more than a week.a.has leftb.had gone awayc.went awayd.has beenaway31. what happened to her teeth. she the

44、apple more than she could chew.a. has bittenb.bitc.had been bittingd.bites精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載32. shakespeare was said 37 famous plays in his lifetime.a. finishing writingb.to finish writing c.having writtend.to have written33. youve agreed to go.so why arent you getting ready. but i that

45、 you me to start at once.a. don t realize;wantb.dont realize;wanted c.haven t realized;wantd.didn t realize;wanted34. i missed the lecture last night. oh、what a pity.i wish .a. you heared itb.you had heard it c.you never heard itd.you hadn t heard it35.i ll return the book to the library as soon as

46、i it.a. finishedb.amgoingtofinishc.willfinishd.have finished36. your phone number again.i quite catch it. it s 9586442.nmeta. didntb.couldntc.don td.can t37. i m sorry to keep you waiting. oh、not at all.i here only a few minutes.a. have beenb.had beenc.wasd.will be 38.when i was at college.i three foreign languages、but i all except a few words of each.a.spoke;had forgottenb.spoke;have forgottenc.had spoedn;had forgottend.had spoken;have forgotten 39.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she .a.will arr