2012高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（5）

1、2012高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（5） Passage Eleven (Superconducting Materials)The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science - once the least sexy technology is bursting with

2、new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape th

3、e future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.The key to the new materials is researchers increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections

4、 that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrod

5、e.A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically

6、 record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researcher

7、s are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantrymans life by deflecting two

8、 bullets in the Grenada invasion.2 / 19Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.But new materials have no imp

9、act until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.1.How many new materials

10、are mentioned in this passage?A TwoThreeC FourD Five2.Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?A To compare them with the new materials.To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.C To compare the new materials to them.D To explain his view point.3.W

11、hy is transition difficult?A Because transition requires money and time.Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.C Because research on new materials is very difficult.DBecause it takes 10 years.4.Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?A It lies in rese

12、arch.It lies in investment.C It lies in innovation.D It lies in application.Vocabulary1.superstuff                  超級(jí)材料2.superconducting ceramic            超導(dǎo)陶瓷3.exotic                

13、        神奇的4.shape                        塑造，成型5.brittleness                  脆性6.polymer                        聚合

14、體7.karate jacket                  空手道外衣8.touch sensor                  觸及傳感器9.each punch and chop                  每一個(gè)擊、打10.blot           &

15、#160;            玷污，損害風(fēng)景的東西11.tinker                        修補(bǔ)，調(diào)整12.amendable                  服從于，遵循的13.biodegradable             

16、0;    能生物遞減分解的14.six-pack rings                  放六個(gè)罐子的環(huán)狀物15.decompose                  分解16.recyclable                  可循環(huán)（使用的）17.infantryman   

17、0;              步兵18.deflect                        使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向19.a new twist                  一個(gè)新的觀點(diǎn)，方法難句譯注1.Material science once the least sexy technology is bur

18、sting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.【參考譯文】材料科學(xué)，一度曾是最無吸引力（最不起眼）的技術(shù)，正以嶄新的 ，以超導(dǎo)陶瓷為首的種種實(shí)用性發(fā)明綻開新顏。這種超導(dǎo)陶瓷可能會(huì)使電子技術(shù)徹底改變。2.Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cables that carry telephone calls cr

19、oss-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.【參考譯文】有些高級(jí)材料是帶有新方法的老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最新全國電話的光纖電纜由玻璃制成。這種玻璃透明度極高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一塊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的窗框玻璃還要清晰透明。寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇介紹“超導(dǎo)材料”的論說文,采用一般到具體的分類寫作手法。先指出未來時(shí)代的材料屬于超導(dǎo)，然后再提出三種超導(dǎo)材料，再逐一說明。答案詳解1.B 三種超導(dǎo)材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、

20、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過改善導(dǎo)致脆性的微小缺陷，科學(xué)家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅(jiān)實(shí)得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料。“類似的轉(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強(qiáng)度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場(chǎng)、直升機(jī)的葉輪。一種震動(dòng)或推動(dòng)就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機(jī)械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動(dòng)記錄每次擊打?！焙竺嬲劶八芰侠梢蕴幚?，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強(qiáng)性能。第四段講有些高級(jí)材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度

21、極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。2.B 說明這種新材料對(duì)未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會(huì)象生物工程和計(jì)算機(jī)一樣將改變世界。”A. 把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用改變世界。 C. 把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。 與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D. 說明他的觀點(diǎn)。太籠統(tǒng)。3.A 轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時(shí)間。見最后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資?？梢赃@么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個(gè)國家之成敗?！盉. 因?yàn)樵S多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。

22、C. 因?yàn)樾虏牧系难芯糠浅＠щy。 D. 轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時(shí)間。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒有涉及。4.D 在超級(jí)材料時(shí)代已過之成功在于應(yīng)用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投資。C. 在于革新。這三項(xiàng)都是應(yīng)用的部分前提。其中A和B文內(nèi)提到，C項(xiàng)文內(nèi)未涉及。Passage Twelve (We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy)Heres a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady

23、 out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on

24、 a diet. She mustnt eat this and she mustnt that. Oh, but of course, she doesnt want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: its the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.What a miserabl

25、e lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifet

26、ime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vas

27、t sums for health cures. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Dont think its only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothi

28、ng but air, water and the goodwill of God.Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, theyre always hungry. You cant be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanentl

29、y dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, theyre always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end

30、 they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetene

31、d lemon juice!Whats all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates

32、and demand second helpings!1.The best title for this passage isA On Fat.We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy.C Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat.D Diet Deprives People of Normal Life.2.Why do they never see each other again?A Because it is a memorable evening.Because she lets him eat as much fatte

33、ning food as he wants.C Because she does not eat this and drink that.D Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.3.Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?A Doing exercises.Not eating sugar.C Not eating fat.D Taking sauna baths.4.What is the authors attitude tow

34、ard diet?A Persuasive.Critical.C Indifferent.D Adversative.Vocabulary1.ethereal                  優(yōu)雅的，飄渺的2.sour                  愁眉不展的3.tummy                  肚子4.pro

35、trude                  突出的，突起的5.wage                  作（戰(zhàn)），實(shí)行6.all-out                  全面的7.sauna bath            桑拿浴8.pummel = pommel

36、            用拳頭連打9.massage                  按摩10.weird                  不可思議的，離奇的11.monger                  商人，販子12.fad     &

37、#160;            一時(shí)流行的風(fēng)尚13.concoction            調(diào)制品，葷素混合菜，調(diào)和物14.wonderfood            奇妙的食物15.lash out            痛斥，鞭打16.at a/one sitting            

38、;一口氣17.munch                  用力嚼18.inflict                  予以打擊，使遭受19.slim                  苗條的，不足取的，無價(jià)值的寫作方法與文章大意文章論及“減肥及痛苦”。以先聲奪人的男女約會(huì)入手，引入減肥的痛苦過程：首先是各種減肥的方法（全面戰(zhàn)

39、斗）；其次是痛苦的難熬；最后點(diǎn)出減肥的目的。號(hào)召人放棄減肥。三段式文章：引言，正文和結(jié)論。以諷刺的筆調(diào)，步步深入的手法勸人放棄減肥，過愉快的生活。答案詳解1.B 我們都該長得胖乎乎，心情愉快。這是文章的目的，也是文章最佳標(biāo)題。答案見最后一段：“這一切自我折磨為了什么？圣潔的人們不吃飯菜是為了身材優(yōu)美，不圣潔的人們不吃飯菜得到的是痛苦。當(dāng)世界上所有的節(jié)食者都拋棄這減輕體重顯得苗條的課程時(shí)當(dāng)他們伸出盤子，要求再來一份（第二份食物）時(shí)，這將是一個(gè)偉大的日子?！盇. 論脂肪。似乎有點(diǎn)兒接近文章的內(nèi)容。但文章涉及到的各個(gè)方面并不是單講脂肪食品或飲食問題。C. 許多疾病和脂肪有關(guān)。文內(nèi)第一段提到這方面的問

40、題。D. 節(jié)食剝奪了人們正常生活。文內(nèi)提到，但不是文章的總目的和內(nèi)容。2.D吃脂肪食品早死。答案就在第一段“當(dāng)他們來到飯店，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這位優(yōu)雅的少女（飄逸的少女）是個(gè)忌口節(jié)食者。決不能吃這個(gè)，一定不能喝那個(gè)。喔，當(dāng)然，她不想掃他的興，讓他想吃多少脂肪的食品就盡量吃。這是早早接近死亡的最有把握的途徑?！边@里傳遞兩點(diǎn)信息。一個(gè)吃，一個(gè)不吃已經(jīng)是格格不入，再加上“多吃脂肪東西早死亡”姑娘怎能嫁他，他一個(gè)人吃而那位姑娘瞧著，確實(shí)是難以忘懷的夜晚，他受得了？所以D是最接近不再見面的原因。A. 因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)值得紀(jì)念的夜晚。B. 她讓他愛吃多少脂肪食物就吃多少。C.因?yàn)樗怀赃@個(gè)也不吃那個(gè)。這三項(xiàng)都是單獨(dú)的事實(shí)

41、或情況。3.B不吃糖。答案再第二段第二句開始“他們大部分時(shí)間對(duì)食品都不屑一顧。他們永遠(yuǎn)向熱量表討教咨詢，照鏡子，跳到浴室的磅秤上稱重量。他們一聲都在向臀部大，肚子突出，雙下巴綻開一個(gè)準(zhǔn)輸無疑的戰(zhàn)斗。有的對(duì)脂肪開展了全面戰(zhàn)斗。光節(jié)食是不夠的，他們運(yùn)動(dòng)以消耗體重，洗桑拿浴出汗，用奇異的機(jī)器按摩和擊打?！盇. 運(yùn)動(dòng)做操。C.不吃脂肪。D.洗桑拿浴。4.B批評(píng)的態(tài)度。這在第二、三段都有明顯的表示。第二段開始：“這些節(jié)食者是多么可憐的一群人??！你總是可以從他們愁眉不展的表情上認(rèn)出他們。”第二段倒數(shù)第四句開始：“這些真正有錢的節(jié)食大款為健康治療支付大筆的款項(xiàng)。他們進(jìn)到“自然門診”。兩個(gè)星期餓得要死，每星期

42、付一百畿尼。別以為僅僅是中年人參與這種時(shí)尚活動(dòng)。你可以見到許多青年正由于長期營養(yǎng)不良而遭罪。他們就靠空氣、水和上帝的善意而活著?！钡谌?，“節(jié)食者甘愿忍饑挨餓，那么他們?yōu)槭裁茨菢与y受悲慘呢？得，首先，他們總是感到饑餓。你不可能餓著肚子高興。他們吃的不是食物，全是搭配好的東西，這永遠(yuǎn)不能使他們滿意”第三段倒數(shù)第三句“饑餓確實(shí)令他們感到太受不了了。最終，他們破釜沉舟，一口氣就吞下了五大塊使人內(nèi)疚的奶油蛋糕。誰能責(zé)怪他們！他們一天至少三次面對(duì)引誘，老是看著別人大口吃著饞涎欲滴的食品，而你自己用力嚼一口水餅干和喝一口沒有甜味的檸檬汁。這是一種什么樣的折磨??！”A.勸導(dǎo)的。 C.漠不關(guān)心。這兩項(xiàng)不對(duì)。D

43、. 敵意的。不合適。Passage Thirteen (The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecuti

44、on of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitlers atrocities, the Ameri

45、can people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change s

46、omewhat after President Roosevelts “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitlers policies. Germanys seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in Marc

47、h, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed again

48、st the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President t

49、o sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roos

50、evelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the Uni

51、ted States.1.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public wasA the burning of the Reichstag.German plans for conquest.C Nazi barbarism.D the persecution of religious groups.2.The Lend-Lease Act was designed toA help the Bri

52、tish.strengthen the national defense of the United States.C promote the Atlantic Charter.D avenge Pearl Harbor.3.American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as beingA watchful.isolationist.C peaceful.D indifferent.4.The Neutrality Act of 1939A permitted the selling of arms to bellige

53、rent nations.antagonized Japan.C permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.D led to Lend-Lease Act.5.We entered the war against GermanyA because Germany declared war.because Japan was an ally of Germany.C after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.D after peaceful efforts had failed.Vocabulary1.Reich                  帝國，尤指第二次世界大戰(zhàn)前及大戰(zhàn)期間的德國2.atrocity                  兇殘，殘暴3.belligerent