2022年虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解+試題

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，假設(shè)，推測(cè)或建議，而不是表示客觀存在的事實(shí)；高考考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相結(jié)合；虛擬語(yǔ)氣的重點(diǎn)句型及其用法歸納：一、 if 條件虛擬句：1 三種基本情形的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式所述情形從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反if+ 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（ be 動(dòng)詞用 were）主語(yǔ) would/should /could/might +動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反if 主語(yǔ) had done主語(yǔ) would/should /could/might +have done1. if+ 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反2. if+ 主語(yǔ) were to do3. if+ 主語(yǔ) s

2、hould do主語(yǔ) would/ should/could/might/ +動(dòng)詞原形notes:1 >當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一樣時(shí)，被稱為 “錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 ”，動(dòng)詞的形式要分別依據(jù)它所表示的不同時(shí)間作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整；eg. if you had followed my advice 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 ，you would be better now 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 ；2> 虛擬倒裝（即省去if 時(shí)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)） were +主語(yǔ) to do should+ 主語(yǔ) do had +主語(yǔ) done2. 含蓄條件句：有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是顯現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，

3、而用其他手段代替條件句，這要靠對(duì)語(yǔ)境的懂得；常用表達(dá)如下：1> 用介詞 with,without,but for等2> 用副詞 or 與 otherwise otherwise 前的句子常用過(guò)去式，其后的句子常用主句式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣；3> 用并列連詞 but but 前的句子常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， but 后的句子常用陳述句， 即過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在時(shí) 鞏固練習(xí) : . it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i melinda cox library in my hometown.in love, at the a

4、ge of seven, with thea. wouldn t have fallenb. had not fallenc. should falld. were to fall . what would have happened,as far as the river bank.a. bob had walked fartherb. if bob should walk fartherc. had bob walked fartherd. if bob walked farther . yesterday jane walked away from the discussion. oth

5、erwise, shesomething she would regret later.a. had saidb. saidc. might sayd. might have said . he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he a goal.a. had scoredb. scoredc. would scored. would have scored . - why didn t you putyour cell phone in you overcoat pocket.-i,but i was afraid it

6、would be stolen.a. had putb. putc. would haved. could have . the traffic accident wouldnt have happened ye,sbteurtdtahye driver a. had beenb. isc. wered. was . hefull marks,but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.really careless.a. must have gainedb. can have gainedc. could have gainedd

7、. must gain . - i suppose ill have to ask someone else to see me off.- i m afraid so. i would see you off if i could,but i.a. won tb. needn tc. wouldn td. can t .today, he would get to shanghai in two days.a. if he is leavingb. were he to leavec. if he leavesd. if he was leaving .-did you go with th

8、em.-no, i was very busy, but i would have gone if i.a. had beenb. hadn tc. wasn td.was . without your help, wesuch rapid progress.a. will not have madeb. would makec. couldn t maked. wouldn t heamv ade . the chairman hasnt come yeti.f heon time, we would have to delay the conference.a. should comeb.

9、 doesn t comce . shouldn t comde. would come 13 .but for the help you gave us, wethe project on schedule .a. could hav e completedb. couldn t have completed c. could completed. can t complete14. they must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise theyso long.a. can t have stayed b. wouldn t hav

10、e stayed c. needn t have stayedd. couldn15. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.a. would you beb. should you bec. could you bed. might you be二 should+動(dòng)詞原形（表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）t stayed1. 在動(dòng)詞 demand, order, suggest, insist, require, request, command, desire 等+that 從句中（ shou

11、ld 可省略）2. 用在上述動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的名詞+that 從句中（ should 可省略）3. 用在 it s important / strange / necessary / natural從句中（ shou+ldth可at省略）4. it s high / abouttime +tha從t句中 （ should 不省略 ）5. for fear that/in case that /lest 從句：從句用 should動(dòng)詞原形，意為“以防，萬(wàn)一 ”notes: 1） 當(dāng) insist 表示堅(jiān)持要求該如何做一個(gè)將來(lái)動(dòng)作或該做什么動(dòng)作時(shí)，可接should+ 動(dòng)詞原形； 假如 insist 表示的

12、是堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為過(guò)去的或現(xiàn)在的情形怎樣或是什么時(shí)，就that 從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)須與所表示的時(shí)間一樣，不行用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；eg. he insisted that he had done right.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為（說(shuō)）他做得對(duì)； （陳述語(yǔ)氣）he insisted that i should go there.他堅(jiān)持要求我去那； （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）2） suggest 表示 “建議 ”接賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；作“示意，說(shuō)明 ”講，接賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；3） it s time tha從t 句中除了用 should+ 動(dòng)詞原形外，仍可以用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式；即鞏固練習(xí)：it s time sdbid.sth.1.i ha

13、ve long desired that the teachers payincreased.a. would beb. could bec. might bed. should be2.his failure in the college entrance examination suggested that hea. not studyb. should not studyc. studyd. had not studied 3.be sent to work there. 2002上海 hard.a. who do you suggestb. who do you suggest tha

14、t shouldc. do you suggest who shouldd. do you suggest whom should4. our headmaster s request is that.a. all the class studied more carefully the problemb. the problem was more carefully studiedc. with great care the problem could be studiedd. all the class study the problem more carefully 5.she insi

15、sted that sheall her own affairs and that immediate actionto put this right.a. arranged ,must be takenb. had arranged, must be takenc. arranged ,should be takend. had arranged, be taken6. the workers will go on strike if the demands theyput forward are turned down.a. shouldb. wouldc. 不填d. had7. it s

16、 important that wethe window before we leave.a. shall web. will closec. must closed. close8 . my demand is that the information referred to in my reportto mr. brown without delay.a. to be e-mailedb. e-mailedc. being e-mailedd. be e-mailed9. - don t you think it necessary that heto miami but to new y

17、ork.- i agree , but the problem ishe has refused to.05 年江蘇卷 a. will not be sent; thatb. not be sent; thatc. should not be sent; whatd. should not send; what 10.it s quite possible to satisfy your demand that youonce more.a. tryb. would tryc. will tryd. can try11. the workers insisted on was that the

18、ymore pay .a. that; must be givenb. what ; should givenc. what ; be givend. whether ; could be given12. my phone call really made her anxious, and shethey talk to me .a. hopedb. wishedc. insistedd. ordered13. i don t think it advisable that jackthe job since he has little experience.a. is givenb. be

19、 givenc. will be givend. has been given三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)（ had done）表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去時(shí)（ did / were / could + 動(dòng)詞原形）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（ would+動(dòng)詞原形）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）用在 wish “期望 ”, as if / though似乎“， 似乎 ”, if only但“愿， 要是 就好了 ”, would rather “寧愿 ”句中；） as if / though 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣（與事實(shí)相符）， 也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（與事實(shí)不符或相反）eg. it looks

20、as if it is going to rain. 陳述語(yǔ)氣 how wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified.虛擬語(yǔ)氣 鞏固練習(xí)：1. look at the trouble i am in. if only iyour advice.a. followedb. would followc. had followedd. should follow2. ow i wish every familya large house with a beautiful garden.a. hasb. hadc. will have

21、d. had had3. -when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.a. breaksb. has brokenc. were brokend. had been broken4. if only hequietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.a. liesb. layc. had laind. should lie5. the manager would rather his daughterin the same o

22、ffice.a. had not workb. not to workc. did not workd. does not work6. -do you mind if i open the window.-.i feel a bit cold.a. of courseb. i d rather you didn學(xué)法建議c. goaht eadd. why not1. 在學(xué)習(xí)if引起的虛擬條件句時(shí), 同學(xué)們第一要牢記它的三種形式, 它將為學(xué)習(xí)此類句子奠定基礎(chǔ),在此基礎(chǔ)上 , 才能把握倒裝的虛擬條件句,混合虛擬條件句等2. 綜觀歷年的高考題及各地測(cè)試題,wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣, if

23、 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件及含蓄條件句是測(cè)試的重點(diǎn) ,務(wù)必請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中加以留意3. 在學(xué)習(xí) as if 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí), 要很好懂得句子 , 在判定表示虛擬時(shí) ,再使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ,并要牢記動(dòng)詞的形式4. 對(duì) if only 的學(xué)習(xí)也是不容忽視的一個(gè)要點(diǎn). 它表示 " 要是 .就好了 ” ,謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 , 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望. 如:if only she had known where to find you.if only i could speak several foreign languages.虛擬語(yǔ)氣精練1. m

24、ike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he homea. stayedb. could stayc. has stayedd. stay2. it was requested that the playagaina. should put onb. would put onc. be put ond. put on3. you did not let me drive. if wein turn, youso tired.a. drove; didn t get b. drove; wouldn t getc. were driving;

25、wouldn t getd. had driven; wouldn t have got4. it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the yangpu bridge.a. wereb. shouldc. wouldd. will5. i suggested the personto be put into prison.a. refersb. referringc. referredd. refer6. if only imy car.a. hadnt lostb. wouldn t losec. didn t los

26、ed. havent lost7. i insistedto see a doctor, but he insisted nothingwrong with him.a. on him to go; should beb. he went; bec. he go; wasd. he should to; is8. -your aunt invites you to the movies today.- i d rather she me earlier.a. tellsb. toldc. would telld. had told9. -would you have called her up

27、 had it been possible.-yes, but ibusy doing my homework.a. wasb. werec. had beend. would be10. i was ill that day, otherwise ithe sports meet.a. would have taken part inb. took part inc. had taken part ind. would take part in11. the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.a. had it not

28、 been forb. if it were notc. if it had not been ford. were it not for12. if my lawyerhere last sunday, heme from going.a. had been, would have preventedb. had been, would preventc. were, preventd. were, would have prevented13. hard, he would have passed the exam.a. if he were to workb. had he workedc. should he workd. were he to work14. today, he would get there by