2022年初一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初一年級(jí)（下）i.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do ones homework 10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supp

2、er 21. listen to 22. notat all 23. putaway 24. take off25. throw it like that 26. would like 7. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory ii. 重要句型1. let sb. do sth. 2. could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. what about s

3、omething to eat? 6. how do you spell ?7. may i borrow?iii. 交際用語(yǔ)1. thanks very much!youre welcome. 2. put it/them away. 3. whats wrong? 4. i think so.i dont think so. 5. i want to take some books to the classroom. 6. give me a bottle of orange juice, please.please give it / them back tomorrow. ok. 9.

4、 whats your favourite sport? 10. dont worry. 11.i m (not) good at basketball.12. do you want a go? 13. thats right./ thats all right./ all right.14. do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?yes, i do. / no, i dont.15. we / they have some cds.we / they dont have any cds. 16. -what day is it today

5、/ tomorrow?-it s monday.17. -may i borrow your colour pens, please? -certainly. here you are. 18. -where are you from?-from beijing. 19. whats your telephone number in new york? 20. -do you like hot dogs? -yes, i do. ( a little. / a lot. / very much.) -no, i dont. ( i dont like them at all.) 21. -wh

6、at does your mother like?-she likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. -when do you go to school every day?-i go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. -what time does he go to bed in the evening?-he goes to bed at 10:00. 【名師講解】1.thats right./ that s all right./ all right.that sright 意為 “ 對(duì)的 ” ，表示贊同對(duì)

7、方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如：i think we must help the old man.我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。 thatsright .或 youreright .說(shuō)得對(duì) 。that sallright .意為 “ 不用謝 ” 、“ 沒(méi)關(guān)系 ” ，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁(yè)，共 7 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -many thanks. thats all right. sorry. its broken. thats all right. allri

8、ght .意為 “ 行了 ” 、“ 可以 ” ，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“ 身體很好 ”please tell me about it. 請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。all right.好吧。 is your mother all right? 你媽身體好嗎2. make/do 這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“ 做” ，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make 指做東西或制東西，do 指做一件具體的事。can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？he s doing his homework now. 他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tell

9、 say：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“ 說(shuō)出 ” 、 “ 說(shuō)道 ” ，著重所說(shuō)的話。如：“ i want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說(shuō)， “ 我要坐汽車到那里去?！?please say it in english . 請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。speak : “說(shuō)話 ” ，著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞(即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ)) 。如：can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況？i don t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)

10、在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如： she speaks english well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：i would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell : “告訴 ” ，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如： he s telling me a story.他在

11、給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. miss zhao often tells us to study hard. 4. do cooking/ do the cooking docooking作“ 做飯 ” 解，屬泛指。 dothecooking特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking 為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用some, much 修飾。從do some cooking 可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some

12、 reading 讀書(shū) do some writing 寫(xiě)些東西do some fishing 釣魚(yú)從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much 或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚(yú) go boating 去劃船 go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. likedoingsth. 與 liketo do sth. 意思相同， 但用法有區(qū)別。 前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：he likes playing football, but

13、he doesn t like to play football with li ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ another other 表其余的，別的，have you any other questions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎? others 別的人，別的東西in the room some people are american, the others are french. 在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。the other 表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one，the otherone of my two bro

14、thers studies english, the other studies chinese. 我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another 表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些there is room for another few books on the shelf. 書(shū)架上還可以放點(diǎn)書(shū)。7. in the tree/ on the tree inthetree 與 onthetree.譯成中文均為 在樹(shù)上 但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。inthetree 表示某人、某事（不屬于樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹(shù)上，表示樹(shù)的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上時(shí)，要使用onthetree.如：there ar

15、e some apples on the tree. 那棵樹(shù)上有些蘋(píng)果。there is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。8. some/ any (1)some和 any 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。some常用于肯定句中，any 常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：there is some water in the glass. is there any water in the glass?there isnt any water in the glass. (2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，我們

16、依然用some。如：would you like some tea? 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁(yè)，共 7 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -9. tall/ high (1)說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹(shù)木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用 high，例如a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬(2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如：he is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹(shù)上。the plane i

17、s so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。(3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall 或 high 都可以，不過(guò)high 的程度比tall 高。(4)high 可作副詞， tall 不能。(5)tall 的反義詞為short, high 的反義詞為low. 10. can/ could (1) can 表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的能力 。例如：can you ride a bike？你會(huì)騎自行車嗎？what can i do for you ？要幫忙嗎？can you make a cake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2) can 用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的

18、懷疑 猜測(cè) 或不肯定。例如：where can he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？can the news be true？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？it surely cant be six oclock already ？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？you cant be hungry so soon ，tom，youve just had lunch. 湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。what can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替 may 表示 允許 ，may 比較正式。例如：you can come in any time. 你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。- can i use

19、 your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？- of course， you can.當(dāng)然可以。 you can have my seat，im going now. 我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) could could 是 can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性（在否定和疑問(wèn)句中）。例如：the doctor said he could help him. （能力）醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。lily could swim when she was four years old. （能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。at that time we thought the story could be

20、 true. （可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could可代替 can 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：could i speak to john，please？我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎？could you ？在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：could you wait half an hour ？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？could you please ring again at six ？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？(4) can 的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can 和過(guò)去式could 兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來(lái)時(shí)）須用be able to

21、加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如：they have not been able to come to beijing. 他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。11. look for/ find lookfor 意為 “ 尋找 ” ，而 find 意為 “ 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn) ” ，前者強(qiáng)調(diào) “ 找” 這一動(dòng)作， 并不注重 “ 找” 的結(jié)果， 而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào) “ 找”的結(jié)果。例如：she cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。tom is looking for his watch ，but he can t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。12. be sleeping/ be as

22、leep besleeping表示動(dòng)作，意思是“ 正在睡覺(jué) ” ；beasleep表示狀態(tài)，意思是“ 睡著了 ” 。如：-what are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？-they are sleeping.他們正在睡覺(jué)。the children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimes often 表示 經(jīng)常 ，sometimes表示 有時(shí)候 ，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often 要高于 usually ，usually 要高于 sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的

23、動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（ be 動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁(yè)，共 7 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -we usually play basketball after school. 我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。sometimes i go to bed early. 有時(shí)，我睡覺(jué)很早。he often reads english in the morning. 他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14. how m

24、uch/ how many howmuch 常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格，常見(jiàn)句式是how much is / are?how much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢？how much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？howmuch 后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“ 多少 “ ，howmany 后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。how much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？how many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at b

25、egoodfor表示 對(duì) 有好處 ，而 bebadfor 表示 對(duì) 有害 ；begoodto表示 對(duì) 友好 ，而 be bad to 表示 對(duì) 不好 ；begoodat表示 擅長(zhǎng)，在 方面做得好 ，而 be bad at 表示 在 方面做得不好。doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。eating too much is bad for you health. 吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。miss li is good to all of us. 李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。the boss is bad to his w

26、orkers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。li lei is good at drawing, but im bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)畫(huà)，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16. each/ every each和 every 都有 每一個(gè) 的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼，every 從整體著眼。 each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every 只用于三者或三者以上。we each have a new book. 我們每人各有一本新書(shū)。there are trees on each side of the street. 街的兩旁有樹(shù)。he gets up early every morning.

27、 每天早晨他都起得早。each 可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every 只能用作形容詞。each of them has his own duty. 他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。they each want to do something different. 他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) /現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說(shuō)話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing ）。i do my homework in the evening. 我在晚上做作業(yè)。im doing my hom

28、ework now. 我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now, these days, at the moment 或 look, listen 等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on mondays等連用。we often clean the classroom after school. 我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。look! they are cleaning the classroom . 看！他們正在打掃教室呢?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在

29、進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法。2本冊(cè)書(shū)中常見(jiàn)的交際用語(yǔ)3本冊(cè)書(shū)中一些重點(diǎn)的詞組和短語(yǔ)考試形式往往是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)和短文填空。【中考范例】1.-hurry up! we re all waiting for you. -i _ for an important phone call. go without me. a. wait b. was waiting c. am waiting d. waited 【 解析 】答案： c。表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.could you help _ with _ english, please

30、?a. i, my b. me, me c. me, my d. my, i 【解析 】答案： c。第一個(gè)空作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me, 第二個(gè)空作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。3.dr. white can _ french very well.a. speak b. talk c. say d. tell 【解析 】答案： a。說(shuō)什麼語(yǔ)言常用動(dòng)詞speak。4.english is spoken by _ people.a. a lot b. much many c. a large number of d. a great deal of 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - -

31、 - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁(yè)，共 7 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -【解析 】答案： c。只有 a large number of 能用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。一. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. there is some _ on the plate. a. cakes b. meat c. potato d. pears 2. uncle wang wants _ the machine like a bike. a. ride b. riding c. rides d. to ride 3. tom usually goes to bed _ ten oclo

32、ck in the evening. a. at b. in c. on d. of 4. _ picture books in class, please. a. not read b. no read c. not reading d. dont read 5. the box is too heavy. let _ help you to carry it. a. we b. us c. ours d. our 6. hurry up, _ well be late for the meeting. a. and b. but c. then d. or 7. people usuall

33、y _ hello to each other when they make a phone call. a. say b. speak c. tell d. talk 8. look! she _ a kite for her son. a. makes b. is making c. make d. making 9. these shoes are yours. please _. a. put on them b. put on it c. put them on d. put it on 10. she often gets _ very late. a. home b. at ho

34、me c. to home d. in home 11. i think the shop is closed _ this time of day. a. in b. on c. at d. for 12. i want _ of meat, please. a. half kilo b. a half kilo c. half a kilo d. a kilo half 13. - is this black ruler _? - no. its _. a. yours, his b. your, his c. yours, him d. you, he 14. _ book on the

35、 desk is a useful （重要的） one. a. a b. an c. the d. / 15. grandma is ill. we have to take her to the _. a. farm b. post office c. hotel d. hospital 16. liu mei often helps her mother _ housework. a. does b. do c.doing d. to doing 17. we watch evening news on _ at 7:00 in the evening. a. cctv b. caac c

36、. wto d. mtv 18. there _ a box of apples on the desk. a. are b. is c. has d. have 19. would you like _ with me? a. go b. to go c. going d. goes 20. sometimes his brother _ tv after supper. a. watch b. sees c. watches d. is watching 二. 填空a. 根據(jù)句義和首字母寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞1. kates glass is empty. she wants a f_ one.2

37、. i think my father can help you m_ your broken bike. 3. i have two pencils. one is short, the other is l_.4. please open the w_. its getting hot here. 5. something is w_ with my bike. may i borrow yours? b.根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. there are some _ there, talking loudly. (woman)2. this blouse isnt hers

38、. its _. (my) 3. the people on the farm are very _. (friend)4. do you know _? (he) 5. toms uncle can drive cars. he is a good _. (drive) c. 選詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat, china, play, climb 1. this is our _ desk. ours are over there. 2. bill has three _. one is new and the ot

39、her two are old. 3. his uncle _ very young but he is over forty. 4. lets _ basketball after class. 5. look! the cats are _ up the trees. 6. the shop isnt open. its _. 7. my brother _ some new picture books. 8. in our classroom there is a large map of _. 9. mum, please give me something to _. im very

40、 hungry. 10. does mr green like _ in this chinese school? 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁(yè)，共 7 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -三.根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥油瓿蓪?duì)話a. please give it back soon. b. its over there c. certainly. when do you want it? d. thank you very much. e. black and red, and its not very new.

41、 a: excuse me, lin tao!b: yes? a: my bike is broken. can i borrow yours?b: _1_. a: this afternoon.b: ok. heres the key.a: _2_. but where is it?b: _3_. a: what colour is it?b: _4_. a: i see. i think i can find it. b: _5_. a: all right. see you! 四. 完型填空 these days men and women , young and old are _1_

42、 the same kind of _2_, and a lot of _3_ have long hair（頭發(fā)） . we often cant _4_whether they are boys or girls, men or women. _5_ old man often goes to walk in the park. he is sitting on a chair now. a young person is _6_ _7_ him. oh, goodness! the old man says to the other one. do you _8_ that person

43、 with long hair? is it a boy or a girl? a boy, says the other one. he is my son. oh, says the old man, please _9_ me. i dont know you are his _10_. im not his mother, im his father, says the other one. 1. a. having b. wearing c. putting d. buying 2. a. clothes b. trees c. pictures d. bags 3. a. we b

44、. your c. them d. theirs 4. a. talk b. teach c. say d tell 5. a. an b. a c. the d. / 6. a. running b. flying c. standing d. driving 7. a. on b. beside c. in d. at 8. a. see b. watch c. look d. read 9. a. help b. excuse c. teach d. ask 10. a. baby b. sister c. father d. mother 五. 閱讀理解( a ) mr li teac

45、hes chinese in the usa. he comes back to china every year. he gives us a talk. he says, k day in the usa is very interesting. all children like it very much. it is on march 7th. when you go out on that day, you can see children running with kites in the open air( 露天 ). when you look up, you can see different kites in the sky （天空） . some are big, and some are small. they are in different colours. every kite has a long string(長(zhǎng)線 ). the children begin to run when they get the kites up. every child has a good time that day. 1. mr li is _. he works in the usa. a. a worker b. an en