賓語(yǔ)從句的講解與練習(xí)

1、賓語(yǔ)從句【直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)】直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)就是將引語(yǔ)部分寫成賓語(yǔ)從句或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。句型變化：(注意引導(dǎo)詞)直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)述陳述句用that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)詞意，可省略轉(zhuǎn)述一般疑問(wèn)句用if whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，意思是“_”。（從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序）轉(zhuǎn)述特殊疑問(wèn)句用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序）轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句用句型ask sb (not) to do sth tell sb (not) to do sthB. 時(shí)態(tài)變化：時(shí)態(tài)前推法直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去

2、進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（或不變）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用其所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。2、主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)。3、若從句為客觀理論、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時(shí)，不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。C. 人稱變化：如果直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱是轉(zhuǎn)述人本身，必須改為與轉(zhuǎn)述人一致的人稱代詞?！耙浑S主，二隨賓，三不變” 1. She said, “My brother wants to go with me.” ( She said her brother wanted to go with her.

3、) 2. He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?” ( He asked Kate how her sister was then. ) 3. Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” (Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker)D. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變化：1. now then 2. this year that year3. yesterday the day before 4. last week the week before5. three days ago three da

4、ys before 6. tomorrow the next day7. next week the week after 8. today that day9. ago before 10.last night the night before11.the day before yesterday two days before E. 其它：this that, these those, here there, come go.Bring take(注意：表中這些情況，要根據(jù)具體情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here 就不必改為there, come 也不必改為)F. 注意陳述句語(yǔ)

5、序即學(xué)即練一、把直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)。1. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.2. She asked, “Are you from Hubei?”She asked _ _ _ _ Hubei.3. “ Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days.4. She said to me, “Dont ride in the street.”She _ me _ _ _ in the stree

6、t.5. “I will go to America next year,” he said to me.He me go to America next year.6. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.7. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.8. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.9. The teac

7、her said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.10. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.11. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.12. “I bo

8、ught the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.13. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.14. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there15. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found i

9、t.16. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 17. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.18. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.19. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _

10、 _ _ him the news. 20. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )2. The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has C. will hav

11、e D. are( )3. She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( )4. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled( )5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when( )6. D

12、o you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( )7. Please tell me _ last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( )8. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pe

13、n it is D. whose pen was it ( )9. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( )10. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they

14、 leave Beijing三完成句子1. 那個(gè)女孩想知道他經(jīng)常會(huì)談些什么？The girl wanted to know _ he often _ _.2. 告訴我那些小孩是否在玩電腦游戲。Tell me _ the children _ _ computer games.3. 杰克不知道為什么老是叫他去辦公室。Jack didn't know _ his teacher _ him _ _ to the office.4. 我認(rèn)為學(xué)游泳一點(diǎn)也不難。I _ _ it's _ _ learn to swim.5. 你能告訴我這是誰(shuí)的自行車嗎？Could you please t

15、ell me _ _ _ _ ?賓語(yǔ)從句 概念：在復(fù)合句中作主句及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。它一般是由從屬連詞，連接代詞或連接副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。它可以作動(dòng)詞，介詞或某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。句型：主句 + 連詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，連接賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞有that（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略）。 whether，if，和連接代詞what，  which，  who，  whom及連接副詞when， where， how， why。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的作用例句that本身無(wú)意義，只起連接作用，口語(yǔ)中可省略He said (that) Kate was good at

16、 swimming.What, which, who, whose, whom等連接代詞在從句中做一定的成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等I dont know what they are going to do. He asked me whose the book was.when, where, why, who 等連接副詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)Could you tell me where you are from?if / whether意為“是否”，不做句子成分，但不能省略He asked me if Miss Zheng was a teacher.eg：He knew（that） he sho

17、uld study hard.他知道他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。Can you tell me which class you are in？您能告訴我，您在哪一班嗎？He asked me if he could come in，他問(wèn)我他是否能進(jìn)來(lái)。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題1）時(shí)態(tài)的一致（主句的時(shí)態(tài)與從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致） a.賓語(yǔ)從句中如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。I know he lives here.我知道他住在這兒。I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在這兒。I have heard tha

18、t he will come.我已經(jīng)聽說(shuō)他要來(lái)了。b.賓語(yǔ)從句中如果主句是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。他問(wèn)我們是否所有的人都出席了。2）語(yǔ)序的變化a.陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變。陳述句：He is an honest man.他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。賓語(yǔ)從句：I said he was an honest man.（連詞that可省）我說(shuō)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。陳述句：We'll Win.我們會(huì)贏。賓語(yǔ)從句：We believe we'll win.我們相信我們會(huì)贏。b.一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)?/p>

19、賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，用whether，if連接。一般疑問(wèn)句：Does he study hard？他學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真嗎？賓語(yǔ)從句：I wonder if（whether）he studies hard.我不知道他是否認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。一般疑問(wèn)句：Will they win？他們會(huì)贏嗎？賓語(yǔ)從句：I asked if（whether） they would win.我問(wèn)他們是否會(huì)贏。c.特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，用連接代詞或副詞（即保留原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞）。特殊疑問(wèn)句：Who is he？他是誰(shuí)？賓語(yǔ)從句：Do you know who he is？你知道他是誰(shuí)嗎？特殊疑問(wèn)句：What

20、 does he want？他要什么？賓語(yǔ)從句：I don't know what he wants.我不知道他要什么。注意Who went there？（特殊疑問(wèn)句）誰(shuí)去那里呢？I wonder who went there.（賓語(yǔ)從句）我不知道誰(shuí)去那里。因?yàn)槭菍?duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，所以特殊疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序不變。變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序依然不變。特殊疑問(wèn)句：When did he leave？他何時(shí)離開的？賓語(yǔ)從句：I know when he left.我知道他是什么時(shí)候離開的。特殊疑問(wèn)句：Where will he arrive？他將會(huì)到哪里呢？賓語(yǔ)從句：He asked me where he w

21、ould arrive.他問(wèn)我他將會(huì)到哪里?；A(chǔ)訓(xùn)練賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. Will you please tell me ?A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport wasC. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built( )2. Its not polite to ask people in England. A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is likeC.

22、 what your city looks like D. how old are you( )3. I wonder if he tonight. If he , Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes; comesC. will come; comes D. comes; will come( )4. I cant say I want to see him again. We havent seen each other for nearly three years. A. how long B. how soon C. ho

23、w often D. how much( )5. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going( )6. Nobody knows hell come or not. A. that B. if C. / D. whether( )7.-Could you tell me _? He is wanted by the head teacher.-Sorry. Ive no idea. But he_ here just now.A. whe

24、re Tim was; was B. where is Tim; wasC. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is( )8.-Did Mrs. King leave a message?-Yes. She wanted to know_ this Sunday.A. who you would go shoppingB. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shoppingD. when will you go shopping with her( )9.-Do you know_?-N

25、ext week.A. when the teacher came backB. when did the teacher come backC. when will the teacher come backD. when the teacher will come back( )10.-What did the teacher say before the class was over, Julia?-He asked us_.A. if we had any more questionsB. what lesson would we have nextC. why would we pr

26、efer to stay insideD. whether we have handed in our papers( )11.-Do you know_ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how( )12.Can you tell us_ you grow cotton in your country?A. that B. whether C. which D. whose( )13.Could you please tell me_ the meeting

27、 will begin?A. what B. whether C. when D. where( )14.-Who can tell us_ about over there?-We cant hear clearly.A. what they talk B. what do they talkC. what are they talking D. what they are talking( )15.-Do you know_ Jack left so early?-I dont know. Maybe he was hungry.A. what B. why C. until D. tho

28、ugh( )16. My uncle told me that he _to London the next day.A. would go B. go C. went D. has gone( )17.-What did the children think of the game?-The children said_ they_ themselves very much.A. if; enjoy B. why; enjoyed C. where; enjoy D. that; enjoyed( )18.-I am sure _you said is true.-Thanks.A. wha

29、t B. that C. which D. who( )19.-I wondered_ they had been to America.-Im not sure.A. if B. what C. who D. that( )20.Could you tell us where_? Someone is looking for him.A. is he B. was he C. he is D. he was( )21. Our teacher said that the moon_ around the earth.A. go B. went C. has gone D. goes( )22

30、. My friend wanted to know _ with his new car. A. what wrong is B. what is wrongC. what wrong was D. what was wrong( )23. Could you show me _ I can use the MP4, please? Of course. A. that B. how C. whether D. if( )24. Do you know _ for Shanghai last night? At 9:00. A. what time he leaves B. what tim

31、e does he leaveC. what time he left D. what time did he leave( )25. I really want to know _. A. what is wrong with my brother B. how will he go to Beijing tomorrowC. if had he bought that car D. where did he go yesterday( )26. We dont know _ he is. - They say he is much better these days. A. what B.

32、 who C. how D. where( )27. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. - Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. will you have; will rain B. you will have; will ranC. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains( )28. The teacher said that the moon _ the earth. A. circles B. circled C. ci

33、rcling D. circle( )29. I asked the girl _. A. which one did she like best B. which one she liked bestC. which one she likes best D. which one does she like best( )30. Do you know _ Lucy has visited the Great Wall? Yes, she has. But I dont know when _ it. A. that; she visited B. if; she visitedC. tha

34、t; did she visit D. if; did she visit( )31. You should run the shop _ your boss has taught you. A. so B. but C. although D. as( )32. Today or tomorrow? What are you talking about? We are talking about _ to give a talk on the Tradition of Chinese Literature. A. how B. where C. when D. what( )33. We l

35、ive _ the road crosses the river. A. when B. where C. how D. why( )34. He said he _ the teacher about it. A. has told B. tells C. is telling D. had told( )35. He said time _ money. A. was B. is C. are D. were( )36. I didnt understand _, so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says B. what doe

36、s my teacher sayC. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say( )37. -Can you guess _ the MP4 player yesterday? - Sorry, Ive no idea about it. A. how much did he pay for B. how can he getC. how much he paid for D. how he has got( )38. Do you know who he _ with at eight last night? A. was talking

37、 B. is talking C. has been talking D. talks( )39. Please tell me _. A. what time is it B. what time it is C. whats the time D. what time be( )40. Can you tell me_ you get on with your classmates? I have told you many times _ I get on very well with them. A. how; if B. that; whether C. how; that D. whether; that【中考鏈接】( )1.-I hear well have a new foreign teacher soon. Do you know when_?-Sorry, I have no idea. （08廣州）A. he will come B. will he come C. is he coming D. he was coming( )2.Researchers wante