初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解和完形填空解題技巧及練習(xí)

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載一 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀懂得的解題技巧閱讀懂得也是中考英語(yǔ)題的必考題目之一，此題型旨在考查同學(xué)閱讀， 懂得的才能，幾年來(lái)，中考英語(yǔ)題中的閱讀懂得材料新，題材豐富，考查同學(xué)綜合推 斷才能，依據(jù)語(yǔ)篇猜單詞意思的才能的力度加大，也考查同學(xué)關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)的才能； 所以同學(xué)往往要么沒能正確懂得語(yǔ)篇中某些句子的意思，在細(xì)節(jié)題上丟分， 要么就是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握不夠， 在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分；那么究竟怎么做好閱讀懂得這一題型呢？我將從以下三個(gè)方面談?wù)撨@個(gè)問題：一、解題思路（一）先讀問題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù)，有的放矢；在讀題的時(shí)候劃出題目的關(guān)鍵詞；（二）快速瀏覽全文，把握全

2、貌，留意發(fā)覺與問題有關(guān)的信息，假如時(shí)間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段； 再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想，這樣全文大意便清晰了；此時(shí)，不要忙于答題；（三）細(xì)讀原文，捕獲相關(guān)信息詞，把握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容；這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特殊留意以下幾點(diǎn)：1 抓住四個(gè) "w"和一個(gè) "h" ，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記， 把 what 大事 ，when（時(shí)間）， where（地點(diǎn)）， why（緣由）， how（經(jīng)過）劃出來(lái)；抓住了四個(gè) “ w”和一個(gè)“ h”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決； 2抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等；由于這些詞具有因果

3、，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能；這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，明白人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行規(guī)律推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用；3 留意領(lǐng)悟文章的寓意；4 依據(jù)題意，初選答案；這一步須認(rèn)真審題，領(lǐng)悟測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法；對(duì)那些明顯的， 有把握的題可以斷然確定， 不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而鋪張時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），快速找出依據(jù)，予以排除；常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法；即從原文中直接找出答案； 歸納解題法；對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案； 綜合推

4、理法；讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至運(yùn)算，最終歸納出正確答案；題 干 中 有 "suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason, because, according to“等字眼時(shí)，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇， 考生應(yīng)具備肯定的分析歸納，推理等規(guī)律思維才能； 捕獲關(guān)鍵詞；在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)留意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出正確答案；學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載 同意轉(zhuǎn)換法；即原文這么說，而在問題和所選項(xiàng)中就用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義； 排除法；依據(jù)語(yǔ)言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法

5、得出正確答案；四、重讀原文，認(rèn)真斟酌核對(duì)答案；在解完最終一道題后，假如時(shí)間答應(yīng)，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各摸索題，討論其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和規(guī)律關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便削減失誤；二閱讀懂得題型及解題技巧從近幾年的中考閱讀懂得情形看，短文體裁多樣， 題材各異， 文章涉及科學(xué)學(xué)問、社會(huì)文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面，充分表達(dá)其時(shí)代性、 有用性；短文難度逐年加大；常見題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、推測(cè)詞義題 和正誤判定題；做閱讀懂得練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問題，弄清考點(diǎn)；在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問題，以便 在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù)，快速、精確地捕獲所要信息；先易后難；做

6、題時(shí)不 必拘泥于書中所出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇次序，應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原就； 如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題，由于細(xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題就需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層懂得，再作判定；（一）主旨題此類題型用以考查同學(xué)對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)悟和懂得才能；其中一類題型為主旨問題；1 、 主 旨 大 意 題 題 干 常 見 的 問 句 形 式1主旨句設(shè)問類型what is the main idea of this passage.what doesthe passage maily talk about.we can conclude / learn from the passage that2正確標(biāo)題挑選類型t

7、he best title for this passage is學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3作者主旨意圖類型what does the writer want to tell us.which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage.2 、主旨大意題的解題方法主旨大意題肯定要留意文章的首尾兩段；假如首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)是一樣的，那么文章的主旨便是兩段重復(fù)說明的語(yǔ)句內(nèi)容表達(dá)；找出選項(xiàng)中與歸納的主旨表達(dá)重復(fù)最多的選項(xiàng)即為正確答案；假如首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)不一樣，就需要觀看文章的段落篇幅量是傾向于首段或是尾段，從而確定主旨段落

8、； 在此過程中， 觀看篇幅量只需跳讀文章段落的首句尾句即可，無(wú)需細(xì)讀段落內(nèi)容，以節(jié)約時(shí)間；假如文章只有一段， 就留意文章的首兩句及尾句， 然后用以上的方法確定主旨句；此外，標(biāo)題挑選即為主旨句的壓縮表達(dá)，留意抓住主旨句進(jìn)行主要詞匯的提煉，把一個(gè)句子提煉為幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞， 即是對(duì)主旨大意進(jìn)行概括歸納的標(biāo)題； 而作者意圖表達(dá)必需通過歸納中心主題才能找到，通常表達(dá)為 advise ， convince ， present ，purpose ，warn 等 ；（二）細(xì)節(jié)題1 、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題題干常見的問句形式1) trueornottrue是非判定類型whichofthefollowingisnotmentio

9、nedinthepassage.whichofthefollowingstatementsisnot true. which of the following is not considered as. according to the passage ，whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasoneofthereasons for.2特殊疑問詞提問類型how many.what/who/when/where/how/why.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3 排序 題 類 型whichoftheordersiscorrectaccordingtothe passage.4例證題

10、類型 the author gives the example inparagraph in orderto5表唯獨(dú)細(xì)節(jié)概念題類型：the most / estthe only2 、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題的解題方法：做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵字， 一般為數(shù)字、大寫或人名地名，再通過 scanning 快速確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處 信息源 ，認(rèn)真對(duì)比題干要求，排除或挑選；命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來(lái)困惑考生， 即對(duì)原句微小處做改動(dòng)， 截取原文詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，把 a 的觀點(diǎn)說成 b 的觀點(diǎn)等；所以正確懂得題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵；細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題仍要非常留意

11、句子的非主干成分，如定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，這些成分都是出題者常進(jìn)行誤導(dǎo)的落腳點(diǎn)；是非判定一般都遵循對(duì)比選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行“三對(duì)一錯(cuò)或三錯(cuò)一對(duì)” 的判定；如該信息句是長(zhǎng)句或難句， 要學(xué)會(huì)找出其主干部分， 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)， 正確懂得信息句的意義；肯定要留意的是，要所答是所問，不要受到慣勢(shì)思維的影響，習(xí)慣性地去 挑選正確的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，切記要弄清問題，不要所答非所問；例證題肯定要留意以 for example ，such as 等關(guān)鍵入手處，找出細(xì)節(jié)出處；排序題要先認(rèn)真觀看選項(xiàng)， 找出首尾相同的選項(xiàng)分組， 進(jìn)而通過詳細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)信息比較進(jìn)行排除和挑選； 唯獨(dú)細(xì)節(jié)題肯定要認(rèn)真審題， 弄清題干所需； 特殊學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載需要提

12、示的是，選項(xiàng)中顯現(xiàn)有 most 最高級(jí) 、the only唯獨(dú)、all 全部、none 全否修飾的細(xì)節(jié)，都具有肯定性，挑選判定時(shí)要慎選；（三）推斷題此類題的關(guān)鍵是要留意原文顯現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)句不是我們做出的推理判定，而是原文給出的細(xì)節(jié)信息， 所以原文語(yǔ)句不能選； 判定時(shí)對(duì)已知的事實(shí)認(rèn)真評(píng)判后做出的合理打算并非唯獨(dú)打算， 要對(duì)事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎情理的判定， 有時(shí)仍需借助常識(shí)進(jìn)行判定；推理判定題分兩種， 即對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理和對(duì)主旨的推理；主要以 we can infer/ imply / learn from this passage that等進(jìn)行提問；解決此類題要留意，一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒有顯現(xiàn)

13、的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷； 解題過程中只要留意上述兩點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合做細(xì)節(jié)和主旨的方法， 即可以做出推理判斷題；（四）推測(cè)詞義題推測(cè)詞義題主要考查同學(xué)依據(jù)上下文正確判定敏捷變化的詞義才能；一般情形下，推斷詞義的題目中所顯現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是同學(xué)未曾見過的生詞，同學(xué)需要在該 詞顯現(xiàn)的上下文中去查找線索；通過閱讀上下文， 肯定該詞的真正含義， 然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，認(rèn)真比較直到得出該詞的準(zhǔn)確的含義；1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，第一是找誕生詞與上下文之間的規(guī)律關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞；有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞 如 because ，as，since ，for ，so，thus ，as a re

14、sult ，of course ，therefore 等等表示前因后果；例如：you shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通 過 for 引出的句子所表示的緣由 那不是他的錯(cuò) ，可猜出 blame 的詞義是 "批評(píng)"；學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and 或 or 連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不熟悉gay 這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是開心的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一 步說明的過程中使用的同義詞， 如 man has k

15、nown something about the planets venus ，mars ，and jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的 venus 金星、mars 火星、jupiter 木星均為生詞，但只要知道planets 就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都 屬于"行星"這一義域；通過反義詞猜詞， 一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞， 如 but ， while ， however 等；二是看與 not 搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如：he is so homely ， not at all as handsome as his brother.依

16、據(jù) not at all.handsome我們不難估計(jì)出 homely 的意思，即不英俊、不美麗的意思；3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞在閱讀文章時(shí)， 我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯， 有時(shí)很難依據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的懂得又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)， 如把握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語(yǔ)法學(xué)問，這些問題便不難解決了；4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)估計(jì)詞義例如：but sometimes ，no rain falls for a long ，long time. then there is a dry period ，or drought.從 drought 所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干

17、旱的時(shí)期，即 drought ，由此可見 drought 意思為 "久旱"，" 旱災(zāi)"；而 a dry period和 drought是同義語(yǔ)；這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is ，in other words ，be called或破折號(hào)等來(lái)表示；5.通過句法功能來(lái)估計(jì)詞義例如： bananas ，oranges ，pineapples ，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. 假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生詞，我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處

18、的位置來(lái)判定它們大致的意思；從句中不難看出 pineapples ，學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載coconuts 和 bananas ，oranges 是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit 類，因此它們是兩樣水果，精確地說，是菠蘿和椰子；6.通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫忙讀者更深更感性地明白某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出 的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特點(diǎn)的描寫；例如：the penguin is a kind of sea bird living inthe south pole. it is fat and walks in a funny way. although it cannot fly ， it can swim in

19、 the icy water to catch the fish. 從例句的描述中可以得知 penguin 是一種生活在南極的鳥類；后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性；awith miles of beaches， sea and sunshin，epattaya芭堤雅 is one of the mostpopular places for visitors to thailand it provides many kinds of entertainment for both young people and the whole familythere is always somethin

20、g to do，any time，any weather，any day or nightorchid蘭化 farms are a worthwhilevisitand ifyou are thinkingof takingsome of these beautiful plants hom，e visit a day or two before you leave to make surethat you will have live plants when you get backyou can also get great orchids in a sealed密封 bottle tha

21、t will last as long as your memorypattaya elephant village is another place that you can not miss in pattayait is a good place to learn and understand how elephants have been linked into thai life and history over the centuriesyou can also take an elephant trek thereshow time allows the elephants to

22、 display their skills， such as playing footballyou can also feed a tiger at the sriracha tiger zoo斯 里拉差龍虎園 there youwill learn more abouttigers you can take photos withthemyou can also enjoy elephant and crocodile shows at the zoo依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，挑選正確答案； 1what is pattaya famous for in thailand. abeachesbsea學(xué)習(xí)

23、必備歡迎下載csunshine dall of the above 2whenever you go to pattaya，it can provide many kinds of entertainment for aboth young people and the whole family bboth old people and the whole family cboth young people and kidsdboth parents and kids 3where can you get beautiful orchids in thailand. abeachesbpatt

24、aya elephant village corchid farmsdthe sriracha tiger zoo 4which animal do you see at the sriracha tiger zoo. afoxesbelephantsc lionsdmonkeys 5the passage mainly tells us _apattaya is one of the most popular places for visitors to thailand b you must buy some beautiful orchids in thailandcpattaya el

25、ephant village is the only place that you can not miss in pattaya dif you visit thailand ，you must visit the sriracha tiger zoobw hen my family moved to america in 2021 from a small village in guangdong, china, we brought not only our luggage, but also our villagerules, customs and學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載culture. o

26、ne of the rules is that young people should always respect 尊 敬 elders. unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the united states.i had a part-time job as a waiter in a chinese restaurant. one time, when i was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wifeasked me how the food coul

27、d be served so quickly. i told her that i had made sure they got their food quickly because i always respect the elderly. as soon as i said that, her face showed great displeasure. my manager, who happened to hear what i said, took me aside and gave me a long lectureabout how sensitive敏銳 americans a

28、re and how they dislike the description“ old ”i then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. after the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.in my village in china, people are proud of being

29、old. not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. young people always respect older people becausethey know they can learn from their rich experience.however, in the united states, people think“ growing old” is a problem si

30、nce shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. here manypeople try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. when i told the couple in the restaurant that i respect the elderly, they got an

31、gry because this caused them to feelthey had failed to stay young. i had toldthem something they didn t want to hear.afterthat, i changed the way i had been witholder people. it is not that i don trespect them any more; i still respect them, but now i don t show my feelings througwords. by jack依據(jù)以上短

32、文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中挑選正確選項(xiàng)；1. jack brought the couple their food very fast because .a. the manager asked him to do sob. he respected the elderlyc. the couple wanted him to do sod. he wanted more pay2. when jack called the couple“, theeldyebrleycam”e .a. nervousb. satisfiedc. unhappy d. excited3. in jac

33、k s hometown, .a. people dislike being called“b. opledo”ple are proud of being oldc. many people reach the age of seventy or eightyd. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants4. after this experience, jack .a. lost his job in the restaurantb. made friends with the couple學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載c. no long

34、er respected the elderlyd. changed his way with older people5. which of the following is true.a. the more jack explained, the angrier the couple got.b. jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.c. the manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.d. from this

35、experience, jack learned more about american culture.cjean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. shegoes to a good universityand has everything that money can buy. well,almost everything. the problem is that the people in jeano bsufsaymthilyatatrheesy canhardly find time t

36、o be with her. in fact, jean is quite lonely.so jean spends a lot of time on her qq. she likes being anonymous匿 名, talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. she uses the name linda on qq and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.last yea

37、r jean made a very special friend on qq. his name was david and lived insan francisco. david was full of stories and jokes. he and jean had a common 共 同的 interest in rock music and modern dance. so italways took them hours to talkhappily on qq and sometimes they even forgot their time. of course, th

38、ey wanted to knowmore about each other. davidsent a pictureofhimself:he was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. as time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.when jean s father told her that he was going on a business trip to san fr

39、ancisco, she asked him to let her go withhimso that she could give david a surprise for his birthday. she would take him the latest dvd of their favorite rock singer. but whenshe knocked on david s door in san francisco, she found that her special friend was atwelve-year-old boy named jim.依據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然

40、后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中挑選正確選項(xiàng)；1. jean spends a lot of her time on qq because she is .a. richb. famousc. youngd. lonely2. jean thought“ david ” was special because he .a. made her quite happy on qqb. was from san franciscoc. sent her a picture of himselfd. was tall and good-looking學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3. when jean and “ dav

41、id ”m et and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised.a.“ david ”.b. both“ david ” and jean.c. jean.d. neither“ david ” nor jean.4. what sthe main idea of the passage.a. don t believe those you get to know on qq so easily.b. people don t use their real names on qq so often.c. don t go

42、 to meet those you get to know on qq.d. people should tell their real names to others on qq.dlinda evans was my best friendlike the sister i never had. we did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.when i was 13, my family moved away. linda and i kept in touch through

43、 letters, and we saw each other on special timelike my wedding 婚禮 and linda s. soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. oneday a card that i sent came back, stamped how to find linda.地“址adudnreksnsow n.” i had no ideaover the years, i missed linda very much.

44、i wanted to share 分 享 happiness ofmy children and then grandchildren. and i needed to share my sadnesswhen my brother and then mother died. there was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like linda could fill.one day i was reading a newspaper when i noticed a photo of a young woman who look

45、ed very much likelinda and whose last name was wagman linda smarried name.“ there must be thousands of wagmans,” i thought, but j still wrote toher.she called as soon as she got my letter.“ mrs tobin.” she said excitedly, evans wagman is my mother.”minutes later i heard a voice that i knew very much

46、, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each othernoswlitvhees.emptyplace in my heart isfilled. and there s one thing that linda and i know for sure: we won t lose each again.依據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中挑選正確選項(xiàng)；1. the writer went to piano lessons with linda evans .學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. at the age of

47、 13b. before she got marriedc. after they moved to new homesd. before the writer s family moved away2. they didn t often write to each other because they .a. got marriedb. had little time to do soc. didn t like writing lettersd. could see eachother on special time3. there was an empty place in the w

48、ritercausse hsehaert_b_e .a. was in troubleb. didn t know linda s addressc. received the card that she sentd. didn t have a friend like linda to share her hnaepspsi4. the writer was happy when she .or sadnessa. read the newspaperb. heard linda s voice on the phonec. met a young woman who looked a lo

49、t like lindad. wrote to the woman whose last name was wagman5. they haven t kept in touch .a. for about 40 yearsb. for about 27 yearsc. since they got marriedd. since the writer s family moved away二中學(xué)英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧考點(diǎn)分析 : 完型填空始終是考試必考題型,而且在整卷中占相當(dāng)大的分值,假如該部分失分嚴(yán)峻 ,會(huì)影響同學(xué)英語(yǔ)最終成果.因此 ,同學(xué)必需嫻熟把握完型填空做題 技巧,同時(shí)通過肯定量專題練

50、習(xí),提高做題的正確率 .注:同學(xué)該部分失分特殊嚴(yán)峻,所以必需加大該部分的練習(xí).一.完型填空最常用的四種解題法:1.總體把握 :要通讀完形填空的短文，跳過空格快速閱讀，明白全篇的主要內(nèi)容；切不行把珍貴的時(shí)間鋪張?jiān)趥€(gè)別字句推敲上；2.弄清體裁 :文章體裁通常分為四種：論述文、記敘文、說明文和應(yīng)用文；中考選文以敘事性文章為主，如：幽默故事、科普學(xué)問、童話、簡(jiǎn)短新聞、名人軼事、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題等；讀這類文章，要大體上明白故事所涉及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載大事及前因后果；3.重視主題句 :完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句， 往往在每段文章的首句， 有時(shí)也顯現(xiàn)在文章的中間或終止處；主

51、題句供應(yīng)全篇的性質(zhì)、 大意等，這是深化明白全文的“窗口” ，甚至能以語(yǔ)句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣估計(jì)全文的主要內(nèi)容；4.語(yǔ)境聯(lián)想 :利用上下文的提示， 用學(xué)過的學(xué)問和已有的生活體會(huì)，掃清部分詞匯懂得上的障礙；二、幾種解題技巧： 1.詞語(yǔ)搭配 1從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)說，句子不是詞的序列，而是詞組的序列； 2因搭配關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的一般性詞匯；如：see a film3詞序和意義皆以固定的復(fù)合詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)；如：push ahead with奮力前行 ；4因詞組而構(gòu)成的常見的句式：it feels+形容詞 +不定式，在搭配判定時(shí)，留意：要區(qū)分形狀相近而意義不同的搭配；如：look for, lookover,

52、 look out, look after, lookup 等；要區(qū)分形不相像而意義相近的搭配；如：ipaid 12 pounds for the dictionary. the book cost me a lot. it took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花費(fèi)、需要”的意思；譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)好像相通；但更要留意它們之間的搭配變化；要留意單個(gè)詞組的多義性； 如：take off 有“脫下 衣服，飛機(jī)起飛，匆忙離開， 取下，休假等多種含意；2.語(yǔ)法判定1要留意顯現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞類題，依次為動(dòng)詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞；挑選各類詞時(shí)，要留意以下幾個(gè)方面

53、：a.名詞的挑選b.動(dòng)詞的選用 c.挑選介詞 d.挑選代詞 e.挑選連詞 f. 挑選形容詞和副詞2要留意句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝a.句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；一般以考查疑問句、感嘆句的詞序?yàn)槎嘁?，其次是祈使句的零時(shí)態(tài)等；b.句子的類型有簡(jiǎn)潔句、并列句、復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句；c.句子的省略與倒裝很少考查，卻要看懂，不能引起對(duì)文章的曲解；3在語(yǔ)法適用方面，可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法a.擇優(yōu)法是把各選項(xiàng)代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語(yǔ)法上又沒有語(yǔ)病的答案；b.排除法是在代入選項(xiàng)時(shí)如發(fā)覺選項(xiàng)單詞意義不對(duì)，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載在語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤， 或與上下文

54、有沖突， 就快速排除不合適的選項(xiàng)， 剩下的就是正確答案；3. 例舉對(duì)比；在完形填空的多項(xiàng)挑選中， 經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到難以挑選的題目； 需要調(diào)動(dòng)頭腦里的學(xué)問“儲(chǔ)備”，例舉熟知的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象與之相比較，再做出明智的挑選；三、一般的解題過程是：1.通讀全文，把握大意；結(jié)合選項(xiàng)初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容；2.瞻前顧后，分析先行；3.反復(fù)推敲，攻克難關(guān)；假如做不出來(lái)的話，可能要轉(zhuǎn)變一下思路；4.驗(yàn)證答案，修正錯(cuò)誤，著重留意這幾點(diǎn)：1文章是否順暢； 2所填單詞是否是正確單詞； 3所填單詞是否有拼寫錯(cuò)誤；四、對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)：1.when billy came to class one morning, he noticed

55、that something was different. mrs. green was not in her 51 place. she was standing in the middle of the classroom, and 52 was hiding behind her."class," she said. "thisis fritz from 53 . please say hello to him. "the class were in silence. mrs. green said again, "say hello to our new friend. " but still, 54 said a word. " all right, then. " said mrs. green. "bil