高中英語狀語從句詳解

1、狀語從句一：狀語從句的定義、功能、分類定義 ：在復合句中作狀語的從句功能 ：狀語從句在主從復合句中修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞或副詞，或整個主句分類 ：按意義可分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。位置 ：從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時，從句后面常用一個逗號，放在句末時，從句前一般不用逗號。二：考點與難點1、各種從屬連詞的含義及用法比較；2、no matter wh- 與 wh-ever 引導的從句的區(qū)別；3、狀語從句的時態(tài)問題；4、狀語從句倒裝及省略；5、狀語從句與其它從句的區(qū)別。三：九種常見狀語從句用法1. 時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞1）

2、.基本類： before、after、when、while、as、 since、till 、 until、once, as soon as, etc. 2）. 名詞類the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一就 ); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, the day, the year, the morning etc. 3）. 副詞類： immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.) 4）.句型類： no s

3、ooner than, hardly/scarcely when, etc. (一就 ) 注意 ：1. when, as, while when when 表示時間點時，從句中用短暫性動詞；表示時間段時，用持續(xù)性動詞。eg:. when they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when 表示段時間）2). he waved a hello when he saw her.（when 表示點時間）. 可用作并列連詞，其意義為 “這時,突然” ，相當于 and then suddenly。常用于下列句式：be doin

4、g / be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing / have/had done + when eg.1). i was about to go out when the door bell rang. 2). one evening i was having my dinner when an unexpected friend knocked my door. . 還可以表示原因,意思是“既然”，相當于since; considering that eg. 1). it was foolish of you to take a taxi wh

5、en you could easily walk there in five minutes . 2). how can he get good grades when he wont study? while while 通常表示一段時間，從句中常用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。eg: strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。while 有時可以作并列連詞，表示對比，可譯成“然而”。eg: 1). i am fond of english while he likes maths. while 有時可引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“雖然”。eg. while they love

6、the children, they are strict with them. as 表示一邊一邊，強調從句和主句中兩個動作交替進行或同步進行。eg: she is singing a song as she took a bath. as表示隨著eg: as time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 2. till, until和 not until 1）until /till用于肯定句時，表示直到 為止，主句必須為持續(xù)性動詞。eg: we shall wait until / till he comes back. 2） not until

7、/till表示直到才，主句通常要用短暫性動詞。eg: people do not know the value of their health till/ until they lose it. 3) 當 not until 位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序。eg: 直到那時，我才知道我錯了。not until then did i know i was wrong. 3. before ：1 we had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. “才2 we hadnt run a mile before he f

8、elt tired. “不到就”3 please write it down before you forget it. “趁”4before i could remember a word, he had checked me. “還沒來得及”5. 句型 it will be/was 段時間 before“還要過多久才”如：還有2 年他才離國。it will be two years before he leaves the country. 6. 句型 it will be/was not 一段時間before“沒過多久就” 。如：沒過2 年他就離國了it wasn t two years

9、 before he left the country.4since, ever since 1since：自以來。表示動作從過去某一點時間一直延續(xù)到說話時間為止。主句中通常為現(xiàn)在完成時，從句中一般用一般過去時。eg: 1). 自從我上次見你，你到哪里去了where have you been since i last saw you 。2ever since 從那時起直至現(xiàn)在，此后一直。eg: he has been sad ever since the death of his wife. 2). 從她小時候起，她就一直在集郵。since she was young, she has be

10、en collecting stamps. 句型 it is/has been段時間 sinceeg: 1). it s two years since he was a college student.他大學畢業(yè)已有兩年了2). it has been just a week since we arrived here. 我們到那里有一個星期了。5. “一就”表達法：1) as soon as. eg.一下課我就去廁所i went to the toilet as soon as the class was over. 2) immediately ， instantly ， directl

11、y eg:他一到家馬上就給她打了電話。they phoned her immediately they reached home. 3) the moment, the minute, the instant, the second eg: 1).他說他一回家就開電視。he said he d turn on tv the moment he got home.2). 告訴他他一回來我就要見他。tell him i need to see him the minute he arrives. 4).hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than主句通常用過去完成時

12、，從句用一般過去時。當 hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句子的開頭時，主句須用倒裝語序。eg: 他剛出發(fā)就想起家來。he had no sooner started out than he felt homesick. no sooner had he started out than he felt homesick. 6.next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等eg: 1). 下次你進城一定來看我們。be sure to call on us next time you come to town

13、. 2). 我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象he left me a good impression the first time i met him. 3). 我每次見到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情every time i see him he looks miserable. 4).上一次我見到他時，他看上去很開心。the last time i spoke to bob, he seemed very happy. 7.by the time by the tine 也可以引導時間狀語從句，意為” 到時為止“，主句一般要用完成時態(tài)。eg: 1). by the time he was fo

14、urteen, einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. 愛因斯坦到十四歲時就自學完了高等數(shù)學。(從句為一般過去時，主句要用過去完成時) 2). 在你回來之前我將會做完我的活兒。i shall have finished my work by the time you return. 反饋訓練一：翻譯下列句子1. 趁著還沒忘記的時候就記錄下來2. 我堅持不斷地努力直到獲得成功。3. 隨著時間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強了。4. 我們剛開始就被叫停。5. 下次你來的時候，就會見到他。二、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句是表示主

15、句動作發(fā)生的前提或條件的從句。條件狀語從句分為真實條件狀語從句和非真實條件狀語從句。引導條件狀語從句的有if, unless, so/ as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing(that), provided(that), providing(that)等。 條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替一般將來時或過去將來時。1.if: 如果 。注意： if only 和 only if 的對比。 if only : 但愿，要是就好了，表示一個不可能實現(xiàn)愿望，要用虛擬語氣。 only

16、if : 只有，等于only on condition that ，從句用陳述語氣。eg: 如果我們不怕困難，困難就算不了什么了。difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. 只有當你給冰加熱，它才會變成水。only if you heat ice, it turns to water. 要是我知道該多好。if only i knew! 2.unless 如果不、除非。等于if not eg: i wont let you in unless you show me your pass. 如果你不出示通行證，我就不讓你進來。3.s

17、o long as, as long as, on condition that這幾個短語意思差不多，都表示只要， 條件是。eg: .只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法as/so long as we don t lose heart, we ll find a way to overcome the difficulty. 4.in case 萬一，如果，等于 if it happens that 。eg: . in case i forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐宜龅某兄Z5.providing, provided

18、that, supposing, suppose that, given that如果，只要，假如eg: 1). given that they are inexperienced, they ve done a good job. 考慮到他們缺乏經驗，他們的工作已做得很好了。(that 可以省略 ) 2).假設我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎幺辦？suppose thst /supposing we can t get enough food, what shall we do反饋訓練二：翻譯下列句子1. 哪里有水，哪里就有生命。2. 你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。3. 無論你去哪都要遵守法

19、律。三.原因狀語從句1. 引導原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是because, since, 和 as，because 直接原因 ,必不可少的原因，非推斷，是整個句子的重點，語氣最強回答why since 通常放句首譯為“既然，鑒于”主從句的時態(tài)一般相同。as 不談自明的原因，語氣最弱，多放于句首注意： 1. 在強調句中強調原因狀語從句，只能用because引導，不可用as或 since. 2. because可以引導表語從句,而 as, since不可以，這時主語一般都是it, this, that 3. since 往往表示的是已知的客觀事實，或分析后的推理，引導的從句大多置于句首，主從句的時態(tài)

20、一般相同。for 可做并列連詞，不可用于句首，要放句中，引導后半句表原因，強調推理解釋。反饋訓練三：用 because, as, since 填空it was _ he was ill that he didn t go with us.it s_ he is too lazy._you are here, you must do it. 2復合連詞也可以引導原因狀語從句，這些連詞有： now that, seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, in that

21、等，eg: 1). now (that) (= since) you mention it, i do remember. 2). 考慮到他們是初學者，他們已經做得不錯了considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. 四.結果狀語從句引導狀語從句的連接詞有so that/ so that /such that 1. so +adj./adv. +that so +adj. +a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + that so +many/much/few/little+ 名詞 +that e.g.

22、1). it is so hot that we can t sleep.2). it is so interesting a book that she has read it twice. 2. such +a/an+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that such +adj. +復數(shù)名詞 /不可數(shù)名詞 +that such +a lot of/lots of + 名詞 +that eg:it is such a useful book that she has read it twice. there was such delicious food that he had too much.

23、3. so that 引導結果狀語從句表示實現(xiàn)的一件事或一個事實，從句謂語動詞一般不和情態(tài)動詞連用，且從句前多有逗號與主句分開。例如：she hurried, so that she caught the bus.(結果） she hurried so that she might catch the bus. （目的）反饋訓練四 : 用 so that/ sothat /such that 填空：1.he studied hard _ he passed the exam. 2.he was _ angry _ he couldn t speak. 3. there was _a lot o

24、f rain _ we couldn t go out. 4. it s_ an interesting film _ we all want to see it. 5. he had _many falls _ he was black and blue all over. 6. i am going to the lecture early _ i ll get a good seat. 五.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句表示在某種相反的條件下，主句中的情況依然會出現(xiàn)。讓步狀語從句由although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, w

25、hichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否） , no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though 等詞注意： 1. although 和 though 均意為“雖然，盡管”但是although 較 though 正式，更多用于句首， though 可用于句首、 句中或句末。 二者均不可以與but 邊用， 但可以與副詞yet, still, nevertheless等連用。eg: although (though) he was ill, (sill/yet) he went on working. 2. as

26、 引導讓步狀語從句時,意為“盡管”.從句部分語序要部分倒裝。其結構為：n./adj./adv./v +as +主語謂語eg: 1).盡管他很年輕，他能用幾種外語讀寫young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages. 2). child as he was, he had to support the family. （表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）3.whether.or (not) . .不管還是。eg: 不管你相信與否，這是真的。whether you believe it or not, its true.

27、反饋訓練五：1.no matter _ much i have to pay, i will take it. 2.no matter _ you think, you must apologize to her. 3.no matter _ method you have been using, today you must do as i tell you. 4.there was never any time for kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child. a.ever since b.now that c.even though d.e

28、ven as 5._ you like it or not, you will have to give up smoking. a.if b.whether c.how d.why 6.you should try to get a good night s sleep _ much work you have to do.a.however b.no matter c.although d.whatever 7.you can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like. a.whenever b.wherever c.whatever d.howe

29、ver 六、地點狀語從句地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 和 everywhere，anywhere 等引導，eg. 1). wuhan lies where the yangtze and the han river meet. 2). 你最好在有問題的地方做上符號youd better make a mark where you have any questions. 3). i ll go wherever he goes. 4). 他們每到一處都受到了友好的接待。everywhere they went, they were kindly received. 注意：在地

30、點狀語從句之前，不要使用介詞。eg: 1). 你應該把書放在原來的地方。you should put the book at where it was.(no) you should put the book where it was.(yes) 2). 我們應該到最需要我們的地方去。we should go to where we are needed most.(no) we should go where we are needed most.(yes) 反饋訓練六：地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1.-where do you plan to work? -i ve made up my

31、mind to go _i m most needed.a.to the place b.to which c.that d.where 2.i will go to a country for a holiday _ there are a lot of flowers and trees. a.in the place b.where c.which d.wherever 七.目的狀語從句引導詞： so，so that，in order that，in case，for fear that ，lest(唯恐，以免，為不使）等。其謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can，could，may， might，

32、should，would 連用。eg: 1). 帶上雨衣，以防下雨take your raincoat in case it rains. 2).他很早就離開了，生怕錯過最后一班火車。he left early in case he should miss the last train. 反饋訓練七：1.i d like to arrive 20 minutes early_ i can have time for a cup of tea.a.as soon as b.as a result c.in case d.so that 2.john may phone tonight. i do

33、n t want to go out _he phones.a.as long as b.in order that c.in case d.so that 3. the shanghaiese are making great efforts to beautify the city_ more overseas companies will come. a. in order that b.so as to c.so long as d.on condition that 八.方式狀語從句引導詞1：as，(象 .一樣 ,正如 , 按照 ),as if/as though(好象 ,宛如 )

34、eg: 1). 請按照人家告訴你做的去做。please do as you are told。2). leave it as it is. 事實上 ,按現(xiàn)在的樣子3）他的行動就好象什么也沒有發(fā)生he acted as if (though) nothing had happened. 2在非正式文體或口語中，也可用the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), eg:. 她不用我做的方法來做這件事。she doesn t do it the way i do.反饋訓練八：1. 他們對待這黑孩子仿佛他是一頭牲口。2. 按照我教你的畫一只貓。3. 讓一切順

35、其自然。4. 她用我喜歡的那種方式來做她的工作。九.比較狀語從句引導詞 :as.as(和一樣 ), the same as,not as/soas(不如 ),than(比),the morethe more(越越 ).這種從句常采用省略句的句型，如：eg: 1). 他和我一樣大。he is as old as i (am). 2). 他工作的和一個有技術的工人一樣快。he worked as fast as a skilled worker. 3). 這個項目完成的比預期中快。the project was completed earlier than we had expected. 4).

36、 他來的越早越好。the sooner he comes, the better (it will be). 區(qū)別： we know you better than he (knows you). we know you better than (we know) him. 反饋訓練九：1. 她今年比去年進步更大。2. 你賣的票越多，你的收入也越多。3. 你工作越努力，你取得的進步就越大。4. 他不如杰克跑得那樣快四：狀語從句的省略：在條件，時間， 讓步， 方式狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致或者從句的主語是 it,而且謂語包含有be 動詞，那么可以把主語或it,跟 be 動詞同時省

37、略。eg: 1). while i was in beijing , i paid a visit to the summer palace. = while in beijing , i paid a visit 2). come tomorrow, if it is possible.= come tomorrow, if possible 3). 他站在門口好像在等誰。she stood at the gate as if (she was ) waiting for someone. 4). 盡管很冷，他仍然穿一件t 恤。 though(it was) cold, he still w

38、ore a shirt. 反饋訓練十：once _（ see ）, the film can never be forgotten. if _ （invite ）, i will go to the party. she stood at the school gate as if _（wait） for someone. 對比練習1. _ he heard this, he got very angry. i met lucy_ i was walking along the river. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. a. when b.

39、while c. as 2. we were about to leave_ it began to rain. . she thought i was talking about her son, _, in fact, i was talking about my son. . hardly had i finished my composition _ the bell rang. a. when b. while c. as d. during 3. child _ she is, she know a lot. he did the experiment _ he was told.

40、 the pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not _ good. a. during b. as c. so d. thoughe. both b and c 4. he would have a look at the bookstores_ he went to town. we decide to finish the work on time, _happens. if we work with a strong will, we overcomeany difficulty, _ great it is. i ll give

41、 the book to _ likes english.a. whenever b. whoever c. whatever d. however 5. it will be years _ we meet again. it is ten years _ i came to this town. it is ten years ago _ i came to this town. a. when b. that c. before d. since 6. _ it rains, the game will be played on time. _ i was twenty, i had n

42、ever been away from my hometown. _ he were there, he couldn t help us.a. even if b. untill c. till d. unless 7. go and get your coat. it is _ you left it. you are free to go _ you like. a. there b. where c. wherever d. when 8. the article is written in such easy english_ all of us can read it. the a

43、rticle is written in such easy english_ all of us can read. a. that b. which c. as d. so that 9. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it

44、is. if we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. a. what b. how c. however d. whatever 2012年狀語從句高考題1.（全國高考i，25）i don t believe we ve met before, _ i must say you do look familiar.a. therefore b. although c. since d. unless 2.（重慶高考，30） coach, can i continue with the

45、training? sorry, you can t _ you haven t recovered from the knee injury.a. until b. before c. as d. unless 3.（湖南高考，28）_ i always felt i would pass the exam, i never thought i would get an a. a. while b. once c. if d. until 4.（湖南高考，32）_ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting dow

46、n the amount you eat. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 5. （福建高考， 30）it is hard for the greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the european union. a. if b. unless c. because d. since 6.（北京高考，21） look at those clouds! don t worry. _ i

47、t rains, we ll still have a great time. a. even if b. as though c. in case d. if only 7.（江西高考，31）you can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast. a. unless b. even if c. in case d. as long as 8. （陜西高考， 18） hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long jou

48、rney. a. although b. as c. while d. however 9.（陜西高考， 25）all the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. a. unless b. until c. once d. if 10.（四川高考， 4）at school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. a. while b. although c. s

49、o d. as 11. （四川高考， 10） if you happen to get lost in the wild, you d better stay _ you are and wait for help. a. why b. where c. who d. what 12. （天津高考， 14） everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. a. while b. when c. where d. though 13.（遼寧高考，30）leave your key with you

50、r neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. a. as long as b. even though c. in case d. as if 14.（山東高考，27）he smiled politely _ mary apologized for her drunken friends. a. as b. if c. unless d. though 15.（山東高考，32）a number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. a. when

51、b. where c. before d. until 16.（江蘇高考，30）one s life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.a. so that b. no matter how c. as long as d. except that 17.（上海高考，32）i have a tight budget for the trip, so im not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices. a. once b. if c. after d. unless 2

52、013年狀語從句高考題1.【2013 北京】 30. i took my driving license with me on holiday,_ i wanted to hire a car. a. in case b. even if c. ever since d. if only 2.【2013 福建】 32. anyone, once _ positive for h7n9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. a. to be tested b. being tested c. tes

53、ted d. to test 3.【2013 湖南】 23. you must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. a. although b. before c. because d. unless 4.【2013 江蘇】 28. in the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. a. w

54、hatever b. whoever c. wherever d. whichever 5.【2013 江西】 28.she says that she ll have to close the shop _ business improves. a. if b. unlesss c. after d. when 6.【2013 江西】 34.if _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. a. askedb. to askc. askingd. having asked 7.【2013 遼寧】 2

55、4. one can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life. a. how b. what c. when d. where 8.【2013 山東】 26. mark needs to learn chinese _ his company is opening a branch in beijing. a. unless b. until c. although d. since 9.【2013 山東】 28. _i have to give a speech, i get ext

56、remely nervous before i start. a. whateverb. wheneverc. whoever d. however 10.【2013 陜西】 18. i have heard a lot of good things about you i came back from abroad. a. since b. until c. before d. when 11.【2013 四川】 7.he was so busy. he cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to. a. even if b. a

57、s if c. because d. before 12.【2013 天津】 5. _ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. a. as b. if c. although d. once 13. 【2013 浙江】19. there are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. a. not treated b. not being treated c. not to be treated d. not have been treated 14.【2013 重慶】 25. _ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case. a. once b as long as c. unless d. since 15.【2013 安徽】 23.its much easier to make friends_ you have similar interests. a. unless b. when c. even though d. so that 16.【2013 北京】 22. dont turn off