倍數(shù)表達(dá)法和比較等級(jí)

1、一 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法是歷屆高考的熱點(diǎn)；當(dāng)我們要表達(dá)甲是乙的幾倍時(shí)，通?？墒褂靡韵戮湫停?. 倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as + 其他；這種結(jié)構(gòu)又常演化成以下兩類：倍數(shù)+ as + many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ as；倍數(shù)+ as +much + 不行數(shù)名詞+ as；如：there are seven times as many people as i expected.是我預(yù)料的人數(shù)的七倍；there is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.這個(gè)杯子里的咖啡是那個(gè)杯子里的五倍；2. 倍數(shù)+ 形容詞（或副詞）的比

2、較級(jí)+ than +其他；如：the hall is five times bigger than our classroom.這個(gè)大廳的面積比我們教室大五倍；3. 倍數(shù)+ the size / height / length / width. etc. + of +其他；如：this road is six times the length of that one.這條路是那條路的六倍長(zhǎng)；4. 計(jì)量名詞+ of +名詞+ be + 倍數(shù)+ that + of +其他；如：the size of the newly broadened square is four times that of

3、the previous one.新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)為以前的四倍大；5. 倍數(shù) +what 從句；如：the production is now three times what it was ten years ago. 現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍；6. 倍數(shù)+ more + 名詞+ than + 其他；如：there are nine times more books in his bag than in yours.他書包里的書比你書包里的書多九倍；7. 其他表達(dá)；如：she s twice/ double my age.她的年齡是我的兩倍；the average income of the s

4、taff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year.與去年相比，該單位職工的收入已增加了50%；he runs faster than me by three times. 他跑得比我快三倍；【考查方向】1倍數(shù)在句中的位置一般放在第一個(gè)as 前面或比較級(jí)前面或名詞前面；2用 times 表示倍數(shù)時(shí)，一般只限于表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的三倍或三倍以上的數(shù)；表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double，一倍用once；二、重要的比較結(jié)構(gòu)用法歸納1. asas 結(jié)構(gòu)；該結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“與一樣 ”，其間應(yīng)接形容詞原級(jí)，不能用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)；

5、如：he is as tall as his father. 他與他父親一樣高；he is as busy as before. 他仍是像以前那樣忙；在否定句中第一個(gè)as 也可換成 so，其意為 “不如 ”： he is not as so tall as his father.他不如他父親高； he is not as so busy as before.他不像以前那樣忙；2. more and more 與 the more, the more：前者表示 “越來越”，后者表示 “越，越”；如：our country is getting more and more powerful.我們國

6、家越來越強(qiáng)大；the more we get together, the happier we will be.人聚得越多，我們?cè)綒g樂；3. more than 與 less than：前者 “指數(shù)量 多于 ”、“不只是 ”、“特別 ”等，后者表示 “少于 ”、“比少”；如：1i ve known him for more than 10 years.我已熟悉他10 多年了；he is more than a father to her.他待她賽過父親；she was more than kind to us.她對(duì)我們很友好；it cost me less than 10 pounds. 我買

7、它沒要上10 英鎊；she eats less than she should. 她吃得比她應(yīng)當(dāng)吃的少；4. morethan 與 lesstha：n 前者表示 “比多，比更”，后者表示 “比少，不如”；如：he has more books than me. 他的書比我多；he is more careful than the others.他比其他人更認(rèn)真；i got less money than the others did.我比別人得到的錢少；注：兩者均可表示“與其不如 ”，但詞序不同；如：he is less a teacher than an expert. / he is mo

8、re an expert than a teacher. / he is not so much a teacher as an expert. 與其說他是老師，不如說他是專家；5. “ n比o+較級(jí) +than ”結(jié)構(gòu)：這類結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)際意思是對(duì)待比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行否定，相當(dāng)于該原級(jí)形容詞或副詞使用asas結(jié)構(gòu)的意思； 如 no better than = as bad as，意為 “與一樣不好”， no faster than = as slow as ，意為 “與一樣不快 ”， no taller than = as short as ，意為“與一樣不高 ”等；6. no more than

9、 與 not more than ：兩者均可表示數(shù)量，前者表示“僅僅 ”、“只有 ” = only， 強(qiáng)調(diào)少；而后者表示“不多于 ”、“至多 ”= at most； 如：it is no more than five miles to the station. 去車站只有 5 英里；it is not more than five miles to the station. 去車站最多 5 英里；二、使用比較等級(jí)的三點(diǎn)留意1. 使用比較等級(jí)的基本原就：不作比較用原級(jí)，兩者比較用比較級(jí)，多者比較用最高級(jí)；如：he is very tall.他很高； 盡管 “很高 ”，但沒有比較，故用原級(jí) he

10、is very short, but taller than me.他很矮，但比我高；among the three short girls, mary is the tallest.在這三個(gè)矮姑娘中，瑪麗是最高的；2. 不能使用雙重比較等級(jí)：即構(gòu)成比較級(jí)時(shí)不能既在詞尾加-er，又在其前加more；構(gòu)成最高級(jí)時(shí)不能既在詞尾加-est，又在其前加most；如：誤： his english is more better than mine.正： his english is much better than mine. 他的英語比我的英語好多了；雖不能說 more better, most ear

11、liest 之類的，但可用 “比較級(jí) +and+ 比較級(jí) ”這樣的形式：it s getting warmer and warme天r.氣越來越溫和了；the city is becoming more and more beautiful. 這個(gè)城市變得越來越漂亮了；3. 使用比較等級(jí)要合乎規(guī)律；請(qǐng)看下面兩道題：(1) her music is more beautiful than .a. meb. youc. usd. his此題應(yīng)選d ，其中的 his=his music ；由于從規(guī)律上說，應(yīng)當(dāng)是 her music 與 his music 作比較，而不是 her music 與 me

12、, you, us 比較；(2) china is larger than country in asia.a. anyb. otherc. any otherd. any others此題應(yīng)選c，由于 china 也在 asia 范疇內(nèi)，所以應(yīng)在any 后加上 other，以排除自己比自己大的不合理規(guī)律；2典型陷阱題分析1. how beautifully she sings. i have never heard voice.a. a betterb. a bestc. the betterd. the best【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)單誤選d ，認(rèn)為最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞；【分析】 其實(shí)此題正確答案為a

13、，該句可視為i have never heard a better voice than her voice之省略， 全句句意為 “她唱得多好??！ 我從未聽過她這么好的聲音”；請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆韵骂愃频膶?shí)例： he is fine, never better.他很好，比以往任何時(shí)候都好；this bird is really lovely. i ve never seen a這f只ine鳥r 真on可e.愛，我從未見過這樣好看的鳥；比較以下試題，情形也大致相同：(1) “ i ve never found a better job.”“ . ”a. i don t think sbo. too badc

14、. congratulationsd. don t worry答案選 c， i ve never found a better job可視為i ve nveer found a better job than this job之省略，句意為：我從來沒有找到比這份工作更好的工作，即這是我所找到的最好的工作；(2) “ whatdo you think of the service here. ”“ oh, . we couldn hat ve found a better place.”a. too badb. sorryc. wonderfuld. impossible答案選c；we coul

15、dnt have found a better place 可視為 we couldnt have found a better place than this place，其意為 “我們不行能找到一個(gè)比這個(gè)地方更好的地方”，即 “這是我們所能找 到的最好的地方”；(3) boris has brains. in fact, i doubt whether anyone in the class has iq.a. a high b. a higherc. the higher d. the highest答案選b，句意為 “我懷疑班上有沒有哪個(gè)人比他智商更高”，即 “我認(rèn)為他可能是班上智商最

16、高的 ”；(4) . how cold it is. we ve never had this winter.a. the colder day b. a cold dayc. the coldest day d. a colder day答案選 d；句意為 “今年冬天我們?nèi)詮奈从錾线^這樣冷的日子”；2. professor white has written some short stories, but he is known for his plays.a. the bestb. morec. betterd. the most【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)單誤選d ；【分析】此題第一不宜選 b 或 d，由

17、于 well known 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)通常是 better known 和 best known ，有時(shí)也可以是 more well known 和 most well known ，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known ；至于是選 a 仍是 c，這就要看語境； 由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和plays 兩個(gè)對(duì)象，故應(yīng)選比較級(jí)；3. you are careful than your brother. you two can t do the work that needs care and skill.a. not more b. no morec. no

18、t less d. no less【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)單誤選a ；3【分析】要做對(duì)此題，第一要正確懂得以下結(jié)構(gòu)的含義：not morethan =不如no morethan =和一樣不否定兩者 not lessthan =不如不 即指不如less 后形容詞的反面no lessthan和=比較以下各句的意思：一樣確定兩者 you are more careful than he is. 你比他認(rèn)真；you are not more careful than he is.你不如他認(rèn)真；you are no more careful than he is.你和他一樣不認(rèn)真；you are less caref

19、ul than he is. 你不如他認(rèn)真（你比他馬虎）；you are not less careful than he is.你比他認(rèn)真（你不如他馬虎）； you are no less careful than he is. 你和他一樣認(rèn)真；通過以上分析，再結(jié)合句子語境，可知此題正確答案為b；4. “ oh, how fat he is.”“ but i think he is than fat.”a. shortb. shorterc. more shortd. shortest【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)單誤選b ；認(rèn)為short 為單音節(jié)形容詞，故用-er 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)；【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是c；要

20、弄清此問題，得先從比較句型的兩種不同類型說起：(1) 異類同質(zhì)比較：即指兩個(gè)不同的人或事物異類 在同一方面 同質(zhì) 進(jìn)行比較；如： my room is smaller than yours.我的房間比你的小；our country is more powerful than theirs.我們的國家比他們的國家更強(qiáng)大；(2) 同類異質(zhì)比較： 即指同一個(gè)人或事物 同類 在兩個(gè)不同的方面異質(zhì) 進(jìn)行比較， 這類句子常譯為 “更多的 是，而不是 ”、“與其不如”等；如：he was more lucky than clever. 他是靠運(yùn)氣而不是靠聰慧；she was mare surprised t

21、han angry. 她感到更多的是驚奇而不是憤怒；this is more a war movie than a western.這更應(yīng)當(dāng)說是一部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)片，而不是西部片；按英語習(xí)慣，在進(jìn)行同類異質(zhì)比較時(shí)，只能用more 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，不能用-er 形式，即使是單音節(jié)詞也是如此；4精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練1. in my apartment there are two rooms, 較大的一個(gè)被用作 a living room.（use）2. “ are you satisfied with his answer.”“ not at all. it couldn 糟糕 . ”batdhave been 3.

22、 i m （ 差_ 些）at sums than jean, but better at history. （ bad）4. we 本不該挑選比這再糟糕的了 day for the picnic it rained nonstop.pick5. i know this is not quite the right word, but i can t _b_e_b_o_t_h_e_re_d_to想到更好的了 . think 6. did you enjoy yourself at the party. sorry to say i didnwas _t._i_t 更像是 a meeting th

23、an a party .（ like ）7. when they arrived at the school it was raining . 甚至更大 hard8. with the development of the internet, 少了 （ do, communication ）人們通過日常郵件溝通更9. if there were no examinations, we should have 更加歡樂的時(shí)間 at school. （ time ）10. this dress is prettier, but it costs（兩倍） that one. （ as）11 at a

24、 rough estimate, nigeria is 大兩倍 great britain.12 what a table. i ve neverssuecehna thing before. it is 不到寬度的一半 it is long.13 americans（今日平均每人吃兩倍多蔬菜） as they did in 1910.14. how interesting the film is. i ve nev_e_r_s_e_e_n （比這更好玩的電影了）.one15. the football match is disappointing. it（不能再糟了）. can16. he can eat （兩倍的冰激淋）as i do. ice cream17. the temperature of wuhan is （比廣州高得多）. high18. new zealand is mainly made up of two islands,（其中較大的一個(gè)）is the south island. large19. the more i know