初中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

1、實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 初中英語主謂一致 一）主謂一致的種類 1語法形式上的一致 主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意義上一致 1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting. 單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。 2）主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprisi

2、ng. 形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。 3就近原則 即謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 二）主謂一致的應(yīng)用 1名詞作主語 1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，

3、謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 名詞population一詞的使用情況類似。“a group(crowd) of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個部分。 2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

4、 The police are searching for the thief. 3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。如： The doctor's is across the street. My uncle's is not far from here. 常見的省略名詞有：the baker's, the barber

5、9;s, the carpenter's, the Zhang's等。 表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Richardson's have a lot of goods to sell. 5）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如： Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： Each b

6、oy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 7）如果主語有more than one或many a構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式

7、，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；短語this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語)（這一類人），但this kin

8、d of men的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如： 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 The (This) glass works w

9、as set up in 1980. (這家玻璃廠建于1980年。) The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。） 當(dāng)它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。 11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如： All of m

10、y classmates like music. All of the water is gone. 12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture. 2由連接詞連接的名詞作主語 1）用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：

11、Truth and honesty is the best policy. The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor. To love and to be loved is great happiness. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table. 2）當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rat

12、her than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 3）以or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Either you or

13、 he is to go. 3代詞作主語 1）名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如： 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown. 2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： Such is our plan. Such are his words. 3）關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞

14、的數(shù)一致。如： Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 4）疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如： Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 5）不定代詞any, either, neither, n

15、one, all some, more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況： 單獨(dú)作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如： Now all has been changed. All are present. either, neither單獨(dú)作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。 但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。如： Do(es) any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film. 4分?jǐn)?shù)、量

16、詞作主語 1）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如： Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of

17、the workers here are women. 和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較： A number of students have gone home. 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如： Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table. 短語in q

18、uantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。 2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如： A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 3）表示數(shù)量的o

19、ne and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table. 4）half of, (a) part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 5名詞化的形容詞作主語 如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf

20、 and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數(shù)。如： The blind study in special schools. The departed was a well-known engineer. 這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6從句作主語 1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但

21、所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如： What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 2）在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told. 但是當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語時，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因?qū)嵱梦臋n

22、文案大全 此從句的動詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。如： She was the only one of the girls who was late. 1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter. A. hundreds people B. hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples 2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. A. is handi

23、ng out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all. A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to

24、hold; is D. are to be held; is 5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city. A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited 7. Stories of the Long Ma

25、rch _ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 8. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had

26、C. Has D. Is 11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 12. The whole family _ TV attentively. A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing 13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C.

27、 have been D. would be 14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A. were B. was C. is D. sits 15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe. A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 16

28、. There _ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D. has been 17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all. A. going to be B. / C. is D. that 18. Seventy-five percent of the earth's surface _ with water. A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered 19. Th

29、e following _ some other mental diseases. A. being B. are C. was D. were 20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out. A. are B. is C. am D. were 21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kite's history. A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told 22. You and I _ twin sisters. A. were B. are

30、 C. is D. am 23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers. A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given 24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time. A. rots away B. rot away C. has rotted away D. are rotted away 25. Mayor as well as

31、volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium. A. is cleaning B. are cleaning C. were cleaning D. have cleaned 26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln. A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known 27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away. A. were B. has been C. had

32、 been D. was 28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease'？” “_ .” A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have C. None of us has D. None of us did 29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position. A. were advancing B. were advanced C. was advancing D. advanci

33、ng 30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games. A. is enjoy B. were enjoying C. enjoys D. enjoy 1.解析：選B. hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s 2. 解析：選D. 當(dāng)either or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。 3. 解析：選A. who 為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語動詞要用am. 4. 解析：選D. 主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運(yùn)會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 5.解析：選C. there be句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，a lot of rubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。 6. 解析：選A. 主語為coal, 是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此