山東省青島市版中考英語 第二部分 專題語法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)9 動(dòng)詞課件

1、1第二部分第二部分 專題語法專題語法 高效突破高效突破2專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng) 9 9 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞3高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 1 動(dòng)詞的種類動(dòng)詞的種類1.1.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能獨(dú)立作謂語。按其是否帶賓語，可分為及物動(dòng)詞(帶賓語)和不及物動(dòng)詞(不帶賓語)。2 2. .及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞本身意思不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思表達(dá)完整，如：reach，ask，return，love，need，teach等。及物動(dòng)詞常用于下面三種句型中：(1)主語謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語。如：He reached Canada the day before yesterday.他前天到達(dá)加

2、拿大的。(2)主語謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他們讓我和他們一起去釣魚。(3)主語謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)間接賓語直接賓語。如：I will return him the storybook.我準(zhǔn)備把故事書還給他。4【注意注意】 帶雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞，如果把直接賓語置于間接賓語之前，必須在變換時(shí)加to或for，構(gòu)成“及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語to / for間接賓語”句型?！厩捎浨捎洝?巧記帶雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞“七給”“一帶”“to”不少；“買”“畫”“制作”“for”來了“七給”(give，pass，lend，write，show

3、，send，hand)和“一帶”(bring)，在直接賓語前置時(shí)，必須在后面加to；“buy，draw，make”在直接賓語前置時(shí)，必須在后面加for。53.3.不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞本身意思完整，無須接賓語，構(gòu)成“主語謂語”的句型，如：swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接賓語，則必須與介詞連用。如：Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校門口等你。4.4.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的，可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用

4、。如：live，study，work，keep，teach等。如：You can keep this book for two weeks.你可以借這本書兩周。He has been studying French for about 3 months.他已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語三個(gè)月了。(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一發(fā)生便立即結(jié)束。如buy，lend，borrow，begin，stop，arrive，finish，go，come等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用，如果要與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用，就要用其他的詞代替。如：Tom arrived here five days ago.湯姆五天前

5、到達(dá)這里。May I borrow your eraser？我可以借用你的橡皮嗎？65.5.系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 本身有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。 例詞例詞例句例句表狀表狀態(tài)態(tài)be(是)，seem(似乎)，keep(保持)，stay(堅(jiān)持)，lie(處于狀態(tài))等He seems to be very happy.他看起來很高興。Eating too much is not good for us to stay healthy.吃得太多對(duì)保持健康沒有好處。表狀表狀態(tài)變態(tài)變化化get(變得)，turn (轉(zhuǎn)變)，go(變)，fall(變成)，become(變成)，grow(漸漸變得)

6、等My son is becoming taller and taller.我兒子變得越來越高。The food went bad.食物變質(zhì)了。表感表感覺覺look(看起來)，sound(聽起來)，feel(摸起來，感覺)，taste(嘗起來)，smell(聞起來)等 That idea sounds good.那個(gè)主意聽起來很好。This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物嘗起來真好吃。789101112考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 2 近義動(dòng)詞辨析近義動(dòng)詞辨析動(dòng)詞種類與用法繁多，尤其是意思相近或者用法相近的動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞詞組特別容易混淆。如：put on “穿上”；put u

7、p“舉手，張貼，搭建”；put off “推遲”等形近的動(dòng)詞詞組更加難以區(qū)別。初中階段易混動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞詞組歸納初中階段易混動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞詞組歸納詞匯詞匯區(qū)分區(qū)分look at與seelook at“看著”(過程)；see“看到”(結(jié)果)listen to與hearlisten to“聽著”(過程)；hear“聽到”(結(jié)果)look at與looklook at“看著”；look形容詞，“看起來”see，watch與looksee“看到”；watch“觀看”；look形容詞(系動(dòng)詞)，“看起來”13listen to與soundlisten to“聽著”；sound形容詞，“聽起來”have與eath

8、ave“吃，喝”；eat“吃”look for與findlook for“尋找”(過程)；find“找到”(結(jié)果)find，discover與inventfind“找到”(意外地)；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”(本來就存在，只是以前沒人知道)；invent“發(fā)明”(從無到有，創(chuàng)造)borrow，lend與keepborrow“借入”，lend“借出”，都表示動(dòng)作，與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用；keep“保存”，表示狀態(tài)，與時(shí)間段連用buy，sell與havebuy“買”，sell“賣”，都表示動(dòng)作，與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用；have“保存”，表示狀態(tài)，與時(shí)間段連用14go to bed，go to sleep與sleepgo

9、 to bed“上床睡覺”；go to sleepfall asleep“入睡”，表示動(dòng)作，與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用；sleepbe asleep“睡著了”，表示狀態(tài)，與時(shí)間段連用leave，leave for與be awayleave “離開”；leave for“動(dòng)身去”，表示動(dòng)作，與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用；be away“離開了”，表示狀態(tài)，與時(shí)間段連用come，go與be income“來”，go“去”，都表示動(dòng)作，與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用；be in“住在”，表示狀態(tài)，與時(shí)間段連用learn與studylearn指“學(xué)習(xí)”具體的技巧或者知識(shí)；study表示系統(tǒng)地“學(xué)習(xí)”die與be deaddie“死”，表示動(dòng)作，與時(shí)

10、間點(diǎn)連用；be dead“去世了”，表示狀態(tài)，與時(shí)間段連用take與bringtake“帶走”；bring“拿來”15have to與musthave to“不得不”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，第三人稱單數(shù)形式為has to，過去式為had to，否定形式為dont / doesnt have to；must 必須(無時(shí)態(tài)變化)，表示主觀spend，pay for，cost與takespend“花錢，花時(shí)間”(人作主語)；pay for“花錢”；cost“花錢”(物作主語)；take“花時(shí)間”，常用于句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.“花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間做某事”look短語lo

11、ok at“看著”；look for“尋找”；look out“當(dāng)心”；look out of“往外看”；look as“把視作”；look over“仔細(xì)檢查”；look through“瀏覽”；look down“往下看，瞧不起”；look upon“往上看，仰視”put短語put on“穿上”；put up“舉手，張貼，搭建”；put off“推遲”；put away“把收起來”；put down“放下”；put.inside“把放進(jìn)去”16give短語give out“散發(fā)”；give away“分發(fā)”；give off“發(fā)出”；give up“放棄”stop固定搭配stop to d

12、o“停下來去做”；stop doing“停止不做了”；stop from doing keep from doing“阻止做”forget，remember固定搭配forget(remember) to do“忘記(記得)要做”；forget (remember) doing“忘記(記得)做了”keep，make固定搭配keep doing“使一直做”；make sb.do.“使某人做”17考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞短語 以動(dòng)詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語稱為動(dòng)詞短語，英語中的動(dòng)詞短語數(shù)以萬計(jì)，起著重要的作用。1 1. .常見的動(dòng)詞詞組有如下幾種形式：常見的動(dòng)詞詞組有如下幾種形式：動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞介詞laug

13、h at“嘲笑”；point at“指著”；worry about“擔(dān)憂”；agree with“贊成”；ask for“請(qǐng)求”；talk about“談?wù)摗眲?dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞副詞pick up“撿起”；grow up“長大”；look out“當(dāng)心”；stay up“熬夜”動(dòng)詞名詞動(dòng)詞名詞make progress“取得進(jìn)步”；make faces“做鬼臉”動(dòng)詞名詞動(dòng)詞名詞介詞介詞make friends with.“和交朋友”；give ones life to.“獻(xiàn)身于”動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞副詞介詞介詞stay away from“遠(yuǎn)離”；get along with“進(jìn)展，相處”動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞介詞名詞

14、名詞go to school“去上學(xué)”；go to bed“上床睡覺”182.常見動(dòng)詞短語如下：常見動(dòng)詞短語如下：(1)come短語come on加油come out出版；出現(xiàn)come over來訪 come along出現(xiàn)(2)cut短語cut down削減；砍倒 cut up切碎；抨擊cut out切斷；刪去 cut off切斷；中斷cut in插嘴 cut into打斷；侵犯(3)get短語get to到達(dá) get up起床；起來get over克服 get on進(jìn)展get off離開 get together相聚get ready for.為做準(zhǔn)備(4)make短語make a dec

15、ision做出決定 make a living謀生make a mistake犯錯(cuò) make up組成；構(gòu)成19(5)take短語take up占據(jù) take away帶走；拿走take off起飛；脫掉 take down寫下；記下take place發(fā)生 take care of照顧take part in參加 take after與相像(6)turn短語turn on打開 turn off關(guān)閉turn up開大；調(diào)高 turn down調(diào)低；關(guān)小turn in上交 turn out結(jié)果是(7)down短語cut down砍到 fall down落下；摔倒die down逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失

16、pull down拆下；摧毀write down記下turn down把調(diào)低，關(guān)小lie down躺下break down停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；出故障20(8)on短語depend on依靠；依賴concentrate on集中注意力decide on視而定；決定于live on以為食；靠為生keep on繼續(xù)(前行) pass on傳遞try on試穿；試試看 rely on依靠(9)out短語blow out吹熄；爆裂break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出check out查明；結(jié)賬 clear out清理；丟掉clean out清除；把打掃干凈cut ou

17、t刪除；刪去 eat out出去吃飯find out查明；發(fā)現(xiàn)；了解get out出去；離開 hand out分發(fā)；發(fā)放21hang out(俚語)閑蕩；閑逛keep out不讓進(jìn)入 lay out擺開；布置leave out不包括；不提及；忽略point out指出 sell out賣完；售光set out出發(fā)；啟程 try out選拔；試用work out產(chǎn)生結(jié)果；發(fā)展；成功(10)off短語break off突然中止；中斷 shut off關(guān)閉；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)set off出發(fā) cut off切除clean off把擦掉(11)up短語bring up教育；培養(yǎng) cheer up慶祝cut u

18、p切碎 dress up盛裝打扮fix up維修 grow up長大hang up掛斷電話 hurry up趕快；快一點(diǎn)set up創(chuàng)立；創(chuàng)辦 wake up睡醒；醒來 stay up不睡覺；熬夜22十年真題十年真題全練全練 動(dòng)詞是英語詞匯中最重要的一部分，它們承擔(dān)著各種重要的角色。青島中考主要考查動(dòng)詞詞性、詞義辨析、還有動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確記住動(dòng)詞的種類與詞義，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞短語也應(yīng)牢記于心，尤其是運(yùn)用到具體語境中，方便理解記憶。同時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握推理法與排除法等解題方法；掌握一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的各種變換形式的拼寫，從而有助于準(zhǔn)確解題。 2018年的中考動(dòng)詞的命題會(huì)面面俱到，分值

19、高。所以同學(xué)們要做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。23考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 動(dòng)詞的種類動(dòng)詞的種類1.2017青島，11題These oranges look nice，but _B_ very sour. A.feel B.taste C.sound D.look2.2017青島，12題We should keep quiet in the cinema.We _D_ speak loudly.A.can B.must C.neednt D.mustnt3.2016青島，9題The girl in the classroom _C_ be Sarah.She has gone to the library.A.may

20、B.must C.cant D.neednt4.2015青島，7題The meat on the plate _A_ so delicious.Lets try it together.A.smells B.sounds C.sees D.feels5.2015青島，8題You_D_return the book now.You can keep it until next week if you like.A.have to B.cantC.mustnt D.neednt246.2014青島，14題Where is Jenny?Im not sure.She _C_ in the schoo

21、l library.A.maybe B.must be C.may be D.will be 7.2013青島，7題Excuse me，sir.You _A_ open the door before the train stops.A.mustnt B.needntC.may not D.dont have to8.2012青島，25題Mom，_B_ I hang out with my friends now? Sure，but you _ clean up your bedroom first.A.can；need B.may；have toC.must；need D.need；must

22、9.2010青島，28題Sometimes the ads _B_ but dont tell you anything about the quality of the product.A.look well B.sound goodC.taste good D.seem bad10.2009青島，21題Is the woman in white our manager?It _C_ be her.She has just left for Shanghai.A.must B.may C.cant D.couldnt25考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語的辨析動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語的辨析11.2017青島

23、，14題You can _D_ the word in the dictionary if you dont know it.A.give away B.cut off C.take after D.look up12.2016青島，10題Our country is taking action to _A_air pollution.A.cut down B.cut up C.cut out D.cut off13.2015青島，9題They heard the party was_C_because of the exam.A.put on B.put up C.put off D.put

24、 down14.2015青島，10題A smile A nothing，but gives much.A.costs B.spends C.cost D.spend15.2015青島，14題The movie is so interesting that I dont_B_ seeing it again tomorrow.A.enjoy B.mind C.keep D.finish2616.2014青島，9題I D the school bus this morning.Luckily，Tonys father gave me a ride.A.took B.caught C.saw D.m

25、issed17.2014青島，10題Children these days _D_ their parents too much.They should learn how to look after themselves.A.get on B.keep on C.hold on D.depend on18.2013青島，24題He _D_ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area _. A.put out；to work out well B.handed out；help them out C.gave out；work ou

26、t well D.gave away；to help them out19.2013青島，9題How much is the ticket to Central Park?A oneway ticket _A_ $40，and you can _ another $20 for a roundtrip.A.costs；pay B.cost；spendC.pay；spend D.spends；pay2720.2011青島，35題Some parents might worry that their childrens hobbies can _D_ schoolwork.A.get the wa

27、y of B.get on the way ofC.get on well with D.get in the way of21.2012青島，34題Students at Green High School often A_ books from their school library and can _ them for a week.A.borrow；keep B.lend；keepC.borrow；borrow D.keep；borrow22.2011青島，28題My car alarm is always _A_ whenever my neighbors cat goes und

28、er my car.A.going off B.going out C.breaking down D.setting off23.2010青島，25題What will you do if you see someone _B_ in line?I will say “Would you mind joining the line？”A.wait B.cuts C.waiting D.cut2824.2008青島，23題Lots of people in our city_A_the old and the disabled.They usually offer their seats to them on buses or help them cross the road.A.care for B.take careC.agree with D.take pride in29猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測1.Its said that nuclear power will be used to produce electricity in Xianning. However，nuclear power _ be very dangerous.A.can B.need C.must D.should2.The cheese doesnt _ good.Why dont we go to bu