部分倒裝和完全倒裝

1、部分倒裝和完全倒裝句何謂倒裝？n英語最基本的詞序“主語部分+謂語部分” n如果把謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語前面，這就叫做倒裝。n將謂語動(dòng)詞完全移至主語之前，稱為完全倒裝；n如果只是把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前，稱為部分倒裝。倒裝的原因有二：n1)由于一定語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，如疑問句：Have you known Mr. Davis long?你認(rèn)識(shí)戴維斯先生很久了嗎?Where have you been?你剛才到哪里去了?n或者為了避免頭重腳輕，如：nGone are the days when we had nothing to eatn2)由于強(qiáng)調(diào)，如：Never have I heard such

2、 a funny story.我從來沒聽過這樣有趣的故事。Only then did I fully understand what my father said.只有到那時(shí)，我才充分理解我父親講的話。一、全部倒裝n1以here， there， now，then開頭的句子,謂語動(dòng)詞要放在句子的主語之前。這種句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Here comes the train！There goes the bell！n注意：如果句子的主語是人稱代詞，則不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Here it comes！ There it goes！n2有些動(dòng)詞短語以副詞out，in，up，down，aw

3、ay等結(jié)尾，構(gòu)成不及物動(dòng)詞短語。這時(shí)，為了使句子更形象，常將這些副詞提前到句首。這時(shí)，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要放在句子主語的前面，構(gòu)成全部倒裝。n如:nUp went the rocketn注意，這時(shí)句子的主語也必須是名詞。如果是人稱代詞，人稱代詞，也不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。也不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。n如：Up it wentn3為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語，常將這個(gè)介詞短語放在句首，構(gòu)成全部倒裝。注意，這時(shí)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞。n如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speakern4表語置于句首，且主語較長(zhǎng)或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子要用全部倒裝。如：Gone a

4、re the days when we had nothing to eatn5soneithernor表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者，其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“soneithernor助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語”（so表示肯定意義，neithernor表示否定意義）。如：She has finished her homework，so has her brotherShe hasnt gone there， neithernor has hen（但如果so表示強(qiáng)調(diào)， 即強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說的情況的真實(shí)性時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so主語助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”，這里的主語同前一個(gè)句子的主語指的是同一人或物。如：She know

5、s little English，so she does 她英語懂得不多。她的確如此。）n二部分倒裝n1用于疑問句中。如：How did you do thatDid you see the film yesterday2用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句中。如果我們將連詞if省略，應(yīng)把were， had，should提到主語前面。如：If you had come yesterday， you would have seen himHad you come yesterday， you would have seen him n3用于as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引起的倒裝有以

6、下幾種形式：1) 副詞置于句首。如：Much as I like it (Although I like it very much), I will not buy it2) 動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。如Wait as you may(Although you may wait), he will not see you3) 形容詞或名詞置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are (Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see meChild as he is (Although he is a child), he c

7、an tell right from wrongn（注意：如果名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，as 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。如：A bad-tempered man as he is (Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply）n4具有否定意義的副詞或連詞(not，hardly，no sooner, not until, seldom，not once，at no time，never，little等) 置于句首時(shí)，句子（主句）采用部分倒裝。如：Little do we know about himNo sooner had he

8、 closed his eyes than he fell asleepSeldom does he come back on SundaysNot until he came back did I know about itn5not onlybut also 連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。如：Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessonsn6sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。有時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)so所修飾的形容詞或副詞，常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時(shí)，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He runs so fast that he is far ahead of othersSo fast does he run that he is far ahead of othersHe is so clever that he