初高中銜接時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)

1、英語八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí) 時(shí)態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣大初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，往往對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)問題倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)。一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一）定義表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示主語具備的性格和能力及客觀真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .Where does your father work ?(二) 構(gòu)成 主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s/es。(三）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)練習(xí)題用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I  like _ (swim).  

2、                     2.He _(read) English  every  day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.  4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My  mother_(like) _(go)

3、 shopping.       6.I can _(draw)  many  beautiful  pictures.7.She_(make) a  model  plane.                8.Do  you _(like)_(run)?9.Does  he_(like)_(ju

4、mp) ?          10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?二、 一般過去時(shí)（一）結(jié)構(gòu) 一般過去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)否定句一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞was/ were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行為動(dòng)詞didnt+do（動(dòng)詞原形）Did+主語+do（動(dòng)詞原形）注：在一般過去時(shí)的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞可分為兩類一類是be動(dòng)詞，其形式為was與第一、三人稱單數(shù)連用，were與第二人稱和復(fù)數(shù)人稱的主語連用。凡是由be動(dòng)詞做謂語的句子，變否定句時(shí)

5、，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，變一般疑問句將was/ were放在句首，句末用問號(hào)。另一類謂語動(dòng)詞是由行為動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)，如stayedwentvisited等,這一類動(dòng)詞做謂語時(shí)，可與任何人稱連用，句子變否定時(shí)，要在主語后面，動(dòng)詞的前面加didnt，動(dòng)詞用原形；一般疑問句是把did提到句首，動(dòng)詞用原形。I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year .Was you in Shanghai last year ?He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to

6、the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）動(dòng)詞過去式的規(guī)則變化1) 一般情況下, 在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 結(jié)尾是字母e 的動(dòng)詞加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y” 的動(dòng)詞, 變“y”為“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 雙寫動(dòng)詞尾的輔音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught com

7、e camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could（三）一般過去時(shí)練習(xí)題一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式1look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5.hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10. are 11. go 12. have 13. do 14. get e 16. say二、用所給動(dòng)詞的

8、適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _

9、 (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. It _ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday 9. We all _ (have) a good time last night.10. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)三、一般將來時(shí)（一）概念表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomo

10、rrow .（二）結(jié)構(gòu)1、由will +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，其will適用于各種人稱，與主語連在一起時(shí)，常?？s寫為ll。變否定句時(shí)，只需在will后加not，可縮寫為wont 。在疑問句中，will需提前，構(gòu)成will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達(dá)這里。2、shall+動(dòng)詞原形（常用于主語為第一人稱）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。3、be going to+動(dòng)詞原形（打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London

11、 . 他打算在倫敦度假。一般將來時(shí)練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇(   ) 1.  There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.       A. will be going to       B. will going to be   C. is going to be     D. will go to be(   ) 2.  Char

12、lie _ here next month.      A. isn't working     B. doesn't working  C. isn't going to working     D. won't work(   ) 3.  He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.     A. wil

13、l be; is            B. is; is      C. will be; will be        D. is; will be(   ) 4.  There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.   A. was  &#

14、160;     B. is going to have    C. will have    D. is going to be (  ) 5.  -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will      B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; w

15、ill be   D. Are; going to be; will be二、動(dòng)詞填空1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a present.3. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.4. -_ you _（be）here this Saturday? -No. I _（visit）my teacher.5

16、. -_ I _（get）you a copy of today's newspaper? -Thank you.四、過去將來時(shí)（一）概念表示過去的某時(shí)以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但這個(gè)"將來"時(shí)間絕不會(huì)延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過去時(shí)間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你會(huì)同意的。I said I would arrange everything. 我說我來安排一切。 （二）過去將來時(shí)練習(xí)題一. 選擇填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as;

17、come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3. What did your son say in the letter?   He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit    

18、0;     B. has visited       C. is going to visit   D. would visit4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come  B. is comingC. will come  D. was coming5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the

19、next year.A. took   B. would takeC. takes   D. will take二. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (s

20、low) down in future.5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.5、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）概念 表示說話時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為，或者包括說話時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用時(shí)間狀語及標(biāo)志詞：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。（二）結(jié)構(gòu) 由 Be(amisare) 動(dòng)詞ing 構(gòu)成。 Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next ro

21、om .（三）動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成的幾種方法： 1、一般在動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)尾直接加-ing 。read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting   2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加-ing。 live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫這個(gè)字母再加-ing 。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting  4、少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y

22、再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some

23、nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen ) to music.9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes?

24、 Yes ,she is 6、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）概念 表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特指時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語或時(shí)間狀語從句來表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句等。（二）結(jié)構(gòu) 由was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing構(gòu)成。 My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .（三） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. While we

25、 _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us.2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away.4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off.5. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.二、 選擇題1.I _ cooked a meal when y

26、ou _ me.a. cooked, were ringing         b. was cooking, rang    c. was cooking, were ringing        d. cooked, rang2.He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries   &#

27、160;        b. tried           c. was trying          d. will try3.While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing    

28、0;   b. watched, was hearingc. watched, heard                        d. was watching, heard4.They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching   &#

29、160;       b. watch         c. watched      d. are watching5.What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing          &

30、#160;     b. did, read, sawc. were, reading, saw                  d. were, reading, was seeing七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）概念 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系, 也就是說, 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。e.g. I have lost my wa

31、llet. (含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了。)Jane has laid the table.(含義是：已可以吃飯了。) Michael has been ill.(含義是：現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱。)（二）結(jié)構(gòu) 助動(dòng)詞have /has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱用have 。（三）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、Both  his  parents  look  sad . Maybe they  _what's  happened  to  him .  knew  .&

32、#160; have known   .  must know   .will know2、He  has  _ been  to  Shanghai , has  he ?.  already   .never    .ever    . still3、Have  you  met  Mr  Li _？.  just   . 

33、 ago     .before   .  a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is  writing    .was  writing    .wrote  .has  written 5、-Our country  _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ .

34、 has  changed ; well   .  changed ; good. has  changed ; better .  changed ; better二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、The old man _ last year. He _  for a year. (die) 2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory         &#

35、160;     _ for twenty years.3、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her  mother _ the  Party  three  years  _ .5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句

36、轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce.八、過去完成時(shí)（一）概念 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一事件之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即過去的過去。圖示如下： -|- |-|-> 過去完成         過去               現(xiàn)在將來（二）構(gòu)成1、肯定句：主語+had過去分詞When we got t

37、here, the football match had already started.2、否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞He hadnt worked for two years by then.3、疑問句：had+主語+過去分詞？Had he finished the work by last month?(三)過去完成時(shí)練習(xí)題1. 單項(xiàng)選擇1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been          

38、;        B. where I had gone C. where had I been                  D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do       

39、    B. has,  done      C did, did.            D. had,  done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned          B. was learning &#

40、160;    C. had learned        D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had,  a few      B. has,  several    C. had,  a lot of   D. has,  a great deal of5. By the time my parents

41、 reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. Ahad cooked       B. cooked         C. have cooked        D. was cooked2.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich ol

42、d man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave). 4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _  (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.語態(tài)的歸納復(fù)習(xí)一、語態(tài) 英語中動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種語態(tài). 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中動(dòng)作

43、的執(zhí)行者有時(shí)用by短語表示出來.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/ are +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 The house is cleaned every day. 一般過去時(shí)：was/were +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 He was tought a lesson yesterday.三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟: They speak English.主語 謂語 賓語English is spoken by them.主語 謂語動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 賓語 (1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，即”“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分

44、詞”(be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化)。(3)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y的賓語。Bell invented the telephone in 1876 . The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876 .四、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)表示 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)一般只通過be表現(xiàn), 過去分詞不變。例如：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): The trees are planted by the farmers.一般過去時(shí): The trees were planted by the farmers.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): The trees are being planted by the farmers.一般將

45、來時(shí)：The trees will be planted by the farmers.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：The trees have been planted by the farmers.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：The trees can(must,should) be planted by the farmers.五、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型：肯定句 主語+be+過去分詞+(by)A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.否定句 主語+be+not+過去分詞+(by)A sweet song wasnt sung by her on the stage.一般疑

46、問句 Be+主語+過去分詞+(by)Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage?特殊疑問句 疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by)Where was a sweet song sung by her?六練習(xí): 請(qǐng)把下列主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句1. The woman asked the policeman for help.2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3. Do they use the box as a table?4. She sent me a collection last week.5. T

47、he teacher doesnt teach us math this term.定語從句一、概念：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。I love singers who write their own music. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that is red. 修飾先行詞 an apple I like singers. Sings write their own music. I like singers who write their own music. 修飾先行詞 sin

48、gers 主格 賓格 所有格 指代人 whothatwhom/whothatwhose指代物 whichthatwhichthatwhoseof which當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可以省略。 He is the man who I met yesterday. I prefer noodles that is really delicious .Harry Potter is a boy who fights with the monster.二、用法：who/that 在從句中可擔(dān)任主語或賓語.1. I love singers who (主語) write their own

49、songs.2. He is the man who (賓語) I met yesterday.3. I like music that (賓語) I can dance to.4. I prefer a sandwich that（主語） is really delicious. Who/that 在定語從句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。 e. g. I prefer shoes that are cool.I have a friend who plays sports.用“who”或“that”填空。1.Do you know the woman _ is wearing a blue dress?2.The man _ is talking with my teacher is my father .3. That book is the one _ I bought yesterday .4. He is one of the workers _ is saved in that accident .5. They talked of the things and persons _ they remembered in