to do、doing 和done作補語的比較

1、to do、doing和done作補語的比較一、在介詞with后作賓補的非謂語動詞形式1. with+賓+done，表示賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上是被動關系，且意味著該動作已經完成或無時間性；2. with+賓+doing，表示賓語與現在分詞在邏輯上是主動關系，且表示動作的持續(xù)進行；3. with+賓+to do，則表示將來的動作，賓語與不定式在邏輯上可以是主動關系也可以是被動關系，注意此時的不定式不是作賓補而是作賓語的定語了。如：1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _behind his back. (全國卷)A. being tied&

2、#160;B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied【分析】答案選D。his hand與tie是被動關系，且?guī)нM時應己捆綁好了，表示“被動、完成”用過去分詞作賓補。2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海春)A. settledB. setting C. to settleD. being settled【分析】答案選C。由語境可知，問題還沒有解決，用不定式指將來的動作。3. Peter soon fell a

3、sleep with the light still （burn）.【分析】彼得很快睡著了，燈仍然亮著。burning表示持續(xù)進行。二、 其賓語后可用分詞或不定式的4個動詞在leave, want, get, have等動詞的賓語后面可接doing、done或to do?，F分述如下：leavedoing讓一直(主動、持續(xù)進行)；leaveto do讓去做(主動、將來)；leavedone(被動)。如：1）Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷)A. runB. running C. being run D. to

4、 run【分析】答案選B。the water與run是主動關系，又表示持續(xù)進行，用現在分詞作賓補。2）Leave the door firmly （fasten）讓門緊閉著; 3）Leave her (do) as she likes讓她去做她喜歡做的事。KEY: fastened、to dowant sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被動)。如：1）I dont want you (arrive) late. 2）I want the letter (open) n

5、ow. 3）The boss wanted his workers (finish) the job by Friday.KEY: arriving/(to be) opened/ to finishget sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主動、將來); getdoing使處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動、持續(xù)); getdone=have sth. done請人做 / 遭受(被動)。如：1)Ill try to get her _ the doctor. (上海卷)A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing【分析】答案選C。get sb. to do sth.

6、 使某人做某事。請比較：2)The teacher got the children talking.讓孩子說起話來；get the computer repaired將電腦送去修理；get his wrist broken折斷了手腕。have sth. done=get sth. done請人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物一直做某事或者處于某種狀態(tài)；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(見使役動詞)；have sth. to do有事要做(見非謂語動詞作定語部分)。如：1. She had her audience listening a

7、ttentively. 他使觀眾聽得入神。2. He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _. (上海卷)A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair【分析】答案選B。his watch與repair是被動關系，用過去分詞作賓補。三、 可用分詞但不用to do作補語的5個動詞keep, find等后可用現在分詞(主動)或過去分詞(被動)作補語，一般不用to do。在catch(撞見), smell(聞到), start(使)等

8、后通常只接現在分詞作補語，不用不定式或過去分詞。如：1. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (全國卷)A. to burnB. burnt C. burningD. burned【分析】答案選C。keepdoing讓一直保持某種狀態(tài)：讓那盆火整夜燃著。 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (全國卷)A. smokeB. smoking C. to smokeD. smoked【分析】答案選B。find后一般不能用to do作

9、補語。he與smoke是主動的，用ing形式作主語補語。3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting【分析】答案選D。后通常只接現在分詞作補語，catch sb. doing sth. 撞見某人在做某事。4. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. (全國卷)A. to have stolen

10、 B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing【分析】答案選D。caught stealing=who was caught stealing，本句相當于：The salesman caught the girl stealing. He scolded her and then let her off. 四、 可用to be或to have done作補語的9個動詞在表示“認為”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等動詞后

11、，可跟to be作補語(認為是)，一般不跟to do；但在think, consider, believe等之后可跟to have done作補語(認為做了)。如：Charles Babage is generally considered _ the first computer. (全國卷)A.to have invented  B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented【分析】答案選A。本題是consider sb. to have done的被動式。make oneself 后常用understood等過去分詞作賓補make

12、oneself understood / heard / seen / known讓別人明白自己的意思 / 讓自己講的話被別人聽到 / 讓自己被別人看到 / 讓自己被別人認識。如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. (全國卷)A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard【分析】答案選D。make himself heard讓他講的話被別人聽到。2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.

13、 (廣西卷)A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard【分析】答案選D。使自己講的話被別有聽到，用make oneself heard，排除A和B；作目的狀語用不定式，排除C。在be said / reported等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面，以及要求接不定式。1. He was reported to have broken the world

14、record. 據報道他打破了世界紀錄。(=It is reported that he has broken the world record. )2. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (上海卷)A. cause B. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused【分析】答案選C。be believed后要接動詞不定式，排除A和B；又因為the flu與cause是被動關系，所以要用不定式的被動式。The flu is believed to be caused=It is believed / People believe that the flu is caused人們認為3. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied i