電氣外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯高層建筑供配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

1、power supply system of high-rise building design   abstract: with the continuous development of city size, more and more high-rise buildings, therefore, high-rise building electrical design to the designers had to face. in this paper, an engineering example, describes the electrical design of h

2、igh-rise buildings and some of the more typical issues of universal significance, combined with the actual practice of an engineering solution to the problem described. key words: high-rise building; electrical design; distribution; load calculation 1 project overview the commercial complex project,

3、 with a total construction area of 405570m2, on the ground floor area of 272330m2, underground construction area of 133240m2, the main height of 99m. project components are: two office buildings, construction area is 70800m2, 28 layers, the standard story is 3.2m. 2 load calculation 1) load characte

4、ristics: electric load, much larger than the "national civil engineering technical measures" large 120w/m2 indicators, especially in the electricity load more food, and different types of food and beverage catering different cultural backgrounds also high. 2) the uncertainty of a large loa

5、d, because the commercial real estate rents are often based on market demand, and constantly adjust the nature of the shops, making the load in the dynamic changes. 3) there is no specification and technical measures in the different types of commercial projects refer to the detailed parameters of t

6、he shops, engineering design load calculation in the lack of data, in most cases to rely on staff with previous experience in engineering design calculations. load the selection of parameters: for the above problems, the load calculation, the first developer of sales and good communication, to deter

7、mine the form of layers of the forms and nature of floor area, which is calculated on the basis of electrical load basis; followed to determine parameter index within the unit area of shops is also very important and complex because there is no clear indicator of the specification can refer to; and

8、different levels of economic development between cities is not balanced, power indices are also different; will be in the same city, different regions have different consumer groups . 3) the need to factor in the choice: parameters determined, the need for load calculation. need to factor commonly u

9、sed method, the calculation will not repeat them. need to explore is the need for coefficient selection, which in the current specifications, manuals and the "unified technical measures" is also not clear requirements, based on years of design experience that most end shops in the distribu

10、tion or level within the household distribution box with case kx generally take a while, in the calculation of the loop route to take 0.7 to 0.8, the distribution transformers in the substation calculations take 0.4 to 0.6. 3 substations set load calculation based on the results of this project the

11、total installed capacity of transformer 43400kv.a, after repeated consultations with the power company, respectively, in the project in northern, central and southern three sections set the three buildings into three power substations, 1 # set 6 sets 2500kv.a transformer substation, take the norther

12、n section of power supply; 2 # 4 1600kv.a transformer substations located, plus 6 sets 2000kv.a transformers, take the middle of the power supply, in addition to 5 taiwan 10kv.a high-pressure water chillers (total 4000kv.a); 3 # substation located 2 units plus 2 units 1000kv.a 2000kv.a transformers,

13、 take the southern section of a, b two office supply. 10kv power configuration of this project into two points, each at the two 10kv lines, the power company under the provisions of 10kv power capacity: maximum load per channel is about to 11000kv.a, two is the 22000kv.a, design # 1 , 3 # combinatio

14、n of a substation 10kv, power line, with a total capacity of 21000kv.a; 2 # substation transformers and 10kv, 10kv chillers sharing a power line, with a total capacity of 22400kv.a. the design of the substation layout, in addition to meeting regulatory requirements, it also need to consider the high

15、-pressure cabinets, transformers and low voltage power supply cabinet by order of arrangement, especially in low voltage distribution cabinet to feed the cable smooth and easy inspection duty problems are not seriously consider the construction of the cable crossing will cause more long detour, a wa

16、ste of floor space, and convenient inspections and other issues. 4 small fire load power supply in the design of large commercial projects often encounter small fire load of electrical equipment and more dispersed distribution, if fed by a substation, a substation will be fed a lot of low-voltage lo

17、w-current counter circuit breaking capacity circuit breaker and conductor of the dynamic and thermal stability in a certain extent. according to gb50045-1995 "fire protection design of tall buildings," rule "should be used in fire equipment dedicated power supply circuit, the power di

18、stribution equipment shall be provided with clear signs." interpretation of the provisions of the power supply circuit means "from the low-voltage main distribution room (including the distribution of electrical room) to last a distribution box, and the general distribution lines should be

19、 strictly separated." in this design, the use of methods to increase the level of distribution, that is different from the substation bus segments, respectively, a fire fed a special circuit, set in place two distribution cabinets, distribution cabinets and then the resulting radial allocated t

20、o the end of the dual power to vote each box, so that not only meets the specification requirements for dedicated power supply circuit, but also to avoid feeding the substation level of many small current loop. 5, the choice of circuit breaker and conductor commercial real estate projects use the ro

21、om as the uncertainty in the choice of circuit breakers and conductors must be considered in a certain margin to meet the needs caused by adjustment of the load changes. according to this characteristic, increased use in the design of the plug bus-powered, not only meet the requirements of large car

22、rying capacity, and also allows the flexibility to increase supply and distribution, are reserved in each shaft in the plug-box backup in order to change, according to changes in upper and lower load, to adjust. for example: a bus is responsible for a shaft 1 to 3 layers of power, when a layer due t

23、o the change in capacity increases, while the 3-layer capacity is reduced, you can use a spare plug box layer off the 3-layer 1 layer capacity rationing . this level distribution in the substation, select the circuit breaker to choose the setting value when the circuit breaker to adjust to changes a

24、t the end to adjust the load setting value; in the bus and the transformer circuit breaker according to the choice of the general framework of values to select . for example: route certain equipment capacity 530kv, kx take 0.7 to calculate current of 704a, select the frame circuit breaker is 1000a,

25、tuning is 800a; current transformer for the 1000/50; bus carrying capacity for the 1000a, this road can meet the maximum 1000a current load requirements, even if there is adjustment, power distribution switches and circuit can not make big changes. 6 layer distribution box set according to the divis

26、ion of layers of fire protection district, respectively numbered as a k layers within the set level shaft for the retail lighting power distribution box, with one on one power supply shops in radial power. should be noted that the forms of the complex layers of layers of fire partition, does not cor

27、respond to the lower, making some of shaft power in charge of the fire district at the same time, also responsible for the power supply adjacent to the fire district. at design time, using the principle of proximity, while also taking into account the burden of the whole trunk load conditions, so th

28、at each shaft as far as possible a more balanced load. 7 public area distribution box set taking into account the future needs of the business re-decoration of public areas must be reserved for power. here the design needs to consider the following points: question of how much reserve power, lightin

29、g and electricity, which according to gb50034-2004 "architectural lighting design standards" table of article 6.1.3 and 6.1.8, commercial building lighting power density value, high-end supermarkets, business offices as 20w/m2, under the "decorative lighting included 50% of the total

30、lighting power density calculation" requirements, using the reserved standard 40w/m2. in order to facilitate the decoration in each partition set fire lighting in public areas and emergency lighting distribution box distribution box, in order to identify the electrical power distribution decora

31、tion cut-off point. the staircase, storage rooms and other parts of the decoration does not need to do, set the power distribution circuit or a separate distribution box, try not to be reserved from the public area of electricity distribution board fed hardcover out. control of lighting in public ar

32、eas, the majority in two ways, namely, c-bus control system or the ba system, the use of c-bus has the advantage of more flexible control, each road can be fed out of control, adjustable light control; shortcomings is a higher cost. ba system control advantages of using low cost, simple control; dis

33、advantage is that the exchanges and contacts for the three-phase, three-way control may be related both to open, or both, in the decoration of the contacts required to feed the power supply circuit diverge to avoid failure blackouts. design of distribution box 8 in the commercial real estate design,

34、 shop design is often only a meter box, and outlet route back to the needs of the user according to their second design, but the shops are difficult to resolve within the power supply fan coil units, air-conditioning system as a whole can not debug. the project approach is to add a circuit breaker i

35、n the meter box for the coil power supply, another way for users to use the second design, as shown below. user distribution box design 9 distribution cabinet / box number and distribution circuits large-scale projects are often low voltage distribution cabinet / box number, low-voltage circuits to

36、feed the more often there will be cabinet / box number and line number duplication, resulting in the design and the future looks difficult maintenance and overhaul. the project has three 10kv substations, 20 transformer, hundreds of low-voltage fed out of the closet, fed the circuit more. accordance

37、 with the international electrotechnical commission (iec) and the chinese national standard requirements: all the distribution number to be simple and clear, not too box and line numbers are not repeated. number to simple and clear, not too long. distinction between nature and type of load. law was

38、easy to find, make viewer at a glance. based on the above requirements and on the ground, fire district and the underground construction industry form the different conditions, using two slightly different ways. essential for the underground garage, uses a single comparison, also relatively fire dis

39、trict neat, according to fire district number, such as al-bl-1 / 1, ap and ape, the meaning of the letters and numbers: al on behalf of lighting distribution (ap on behalf of power distribution box, ape on behalf of the emergency power distribution box); bi on behalf of the basement; 1 / 1 for parti

40、tion 1, i fire box. above ground is more complex, more fire district, and on the fire district does not correspond to the lower, according to shaft number is better, such as al-1-a1, ap, and ape, letters and numbers mean: 1 represents a layer; a1 on behalf of a, no. 1 shaft fed a distribution box. f

41、ed a low-voltage circuits, such as the number of uses: w3-6-al-1-a1, w3-6) indicates that the route back to power supply transformer 3, 6, feed the power distribution cabinet, al-1-a1, said the then the first loop of the distribution box for the al-1-a1 and so on, and so on. 10 conclusion with more

42、and more complex commercial design projects, designers need to continually improve the design level, designed to make fine. these are only bits of the design in the business lessons learned, and the majority of designers want to communicate 高層建筑供配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 摘要：隨著城市規(guī)模的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑越來越多，因此，高層建筑電氣設(shè)計就成為設(shè)計者不得不面對的

43、問題。本文結(jié)合工程實(shí)例，介紹了高層建筑電氣設(shè)計中一些比較典型且具有普遍意義的問題，結(jié)合某工程的實(shí)際做法闡述了問題的解決方法。關(guān)鍵詞：高層建筑；電氣設(shè)計；配電；負(fù)荷計算1工程概況本項(xiàng)目商業(yè)綜合大樓，總建筑面積為405570m2，地上建筑面積272330m2，地下建筑面積133240m2,主體高度99m。項(xiàng)目組成為：辦公樓兩座，建筑面積為70800m2，28層，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層高為3.2m。2 負(fù)荷計算1）負(fù)荷特點(diǎn):用電負(fù)荷大,遠(yuǎn)大于全國民用建筑工程設(shè)計術(shù)措施中大120w/m2的指標(biāo),尤其是餐飲的用電負(fù)荷更大，而且不同類型、不同飲食文化背景的餐飲差別也很大。2）負(fù)荷的不確定性大，因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)地產(chǎn)往往根據(jù)市場租的

44、需求，不斷調(diào)整商鋪的性質(zhì)，使得負(fù)荷在動態(tài)變化之中。3）目前的規(guī)范和技術(shù)措施沒有對商業(yè)項(xiàng)目中不同類別商鋪的參數(shù)指進(jìn)行細(xì)化，工程設(shè)計中的負(fù)荷計算缺少據(jù)，大多數(shù)情況只能靠設(shè)計人員憑借以往工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行計算。負(fù)荷參數(shù)的選擇：針對以上遇到的問題，進(jìn)行負(fù)荷計算時，首先與開發(fā)商銷售部門進(jìn)行良好的溝通，確定各層的業(yè)態(tài)形式商鋪面積和性質(zhì)，這是電氣負(fù)荷計算的基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)；其次確定商鋪內(nèi)單位面積參數(shù)指標(biāo)也很重要且復(fù)雜，因?yàn)橐?guī)范中沒有明確的指標(biāo)可以參考；而且不同城市間的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不均衡，用電指標(biāo)也不同；便在同一城市不同區(qū)域的消費(fèi)群體也有差異。3）需要系數(shù)的選擇：參數(shù)確定后，需要進(jìn)行負(fù)荷計算。一般采用需要系數(shù)法，計算過程不

45、再贅述。需要探討的是需要系數(shù)的選擇，這在現(xiàn)行規(guī)范、手冊及統(tǒng)一技術(shù)措施中也沒有明確的要求，根據(jù)多年的設(shè)計體會認(rèn)為，在配電最末端商鋪內(nèi)戶箱或?qū)优潆娤溆嬎銜rkx一般取1，在各回路干線計算時取0.70.8，在變電所各配電變壓器計算時取0.40.6。3變電所設(shè)置根據(jù)負(fù)荷計算結(jié)果，本工程的變壓器總安裝容量為43400kv.a，經(jīng)與供電公司反復(fù)協(xié)商，分別在本工程的北、中和南三段設(shè)置3個變電所為三段建筑供電，1#變電所設(shè)6臺2500kv.a變壓器,承擔(dān)北段供電；2#變電所設(shè)4臺1600kv.a變壓器,加6臺2000kv.a變壓器,承擔(dān)中段的供電，另外還有5臺10kv.a高壓冷水機(jī)組（合計4000kv.a）；3

46、#變電所設(shè)2臺2000kv.a加2臺1000kv.a變壓器，承擔(dān)南段a、b兩座辦公樓供電。本工程配置兩處10kv電源引入點(diǎn)，每處為兩路10kv線路,根據(jù)供電公司對10kv電源容量的規(guī)定：每路最大負(fù)荷為11000kv.a左右，兩路即為22000kv.a，設(shè)計1#、3#變電所合用一處10kv,電源進(jìn)線，總?cè)萘繛?1000kv.a；2#變電所內(nèi)變壓器和10kv,冷水機(jī)組共用一處10kv電源進(jìn)線，總?cè)萘繛?2400kv.a。在變電所平面布置的設(shè)計中，除了滿足規(guī)范要求以外，還需要考慮高壓柜、變壓器和低壓柜按供電順序布置，尤其是低壓配電柜饋出電纜的走向順暢，值班人員巡視方便等問題如不認(rèn)真考慮，會造成施工時

47、電纜交叉多、繞遠(yuǎn)路、浪費(fèi)建筑面積以及巡視不方便等問題。4較小消防負(fù)荷的供配電在大型商業(yè)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計中經(jīng)常會遇到消防用電設(shè)備負(fù)荷較小且分布較分散，若均由變電所饋出，會使得變電所低壓柜饋出很多小電流回路，對斷路器分?jǐn)嗄芰蛯?dǎo)體的動、熱穩(wěn)定帶來一定的影響。根據(jù)gb50045-1995高層民用建筑設(shè)計防火規(guī)范規(guī)定“消防用電設(shè)備應(yīng)采用專用的供電回路，其配電設(shè)備應(yīng)設(shè)有明顯標(biāo)志”。對供電回路的條文解釋系指“從低壓總配電室（包括分配電室）至最末一級配電箱，與一般配電線路均應(yīng)嚴(yán)格分開”。在本設(shè)計中，采用了增加一級配電的方法，即從變電所不同母線段上分別饋出一條消防專用回路，在適當(dāng)位置設(shè)置兩臺配電柜，再由此配電柜放射式配至末端雙電源互投箱，這樣既滿足了規(guī)范對專用供電回路的要求，又避免在變電所級饋出許多小電流回路。5斷路器及導(dǎo)體的選擇由于商業(yè)地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目房間用途的不確定性，在選擇斷路器和導(dǎo)體時必須考慮一定的裕量以滿足調(diào)整造成的負(fù)荷變化。根據(jù)這一特點(diǎn)，在設(shè)計中較多地使用了插接母線供電，既可以滿足大載流量的要求，又使供配電靈活性加大，在每層豎井中均預(yù)留備用插接箱，以便在變化時，可根據(jù)上下層負(fù)荷的變化，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。例如：某豎井一段母線負(fù)責(zé)13層供電，當(dāng)1層由于變化容量增大，而3層容量減小時，就可使用1