英語時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)間狀語與頻度副詞概要

1、不同時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語：（對(duì)應(yīng)之前表格中的基本形式 ） （一）一般將來時(shí)next ，tomorrow, in+ 時(shí)間,1.i will /shall go to school next week/in a mouth/tomorrow.譯：我下周/ 一個(gè)月內(nèi)/明天要去學(xué)校。2.i am going to wash the clothes next week/in a mouth/tomorrow.譯：我下周/一個(gè)月內(nèi)/明天要洗衣服（二） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every ，sometimes, at ，onundays,once a week, always, usually, often, never.1表

2、示 平時(shí)習(xí)慣性，常常做的動(dòng)作；例：i get up early every day.（ 我每天早早起床）每天習(xí)慣做的事情2.陳述不可改變的真理，如地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。例：the earth goes round the sun.（地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）可以看做地球習(xí)慣性的常做的動(dòng)作（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)now, listen! look! these days.1. he is . cleaning, the windows_jqow.也正在擦玻成現(xiàn)在個(gè)les序?yàn)椋核F(xiàn)在正在擦玻璃。2. listen!mr smith is singing in the classroom.聽，史密斯先生正在教室唱歌。3.

3、my mother is learning english these days.我的媽媽這幾天在學(xué)英語2.（.幾天內(nèi)二直在持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)但）(四)一般過去時(shí)yesterday, last week(year, month,day.), (an hour, a few minutes.) ago,the other day, in 1982, just now, after, later, before.when引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句，狀語從句中的 主將從現(xiàn)"原則(即主句將來時(shí)，從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。1.1 visited the old man alone yesterday.昨天

4、我獨(dú)自去看望了那位老大爺。2 .we had a final exam last week.我們上周舉行了期末考試。3 .he waved his hand a few minutes ago.幾分鐘前，他揮了下他的手。4 . (travel on business/be on a business trip出差)例：the manager traveled on business the other day經(jīng)理幾天前出差去了。不久前某天，幾天前5 .(四)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)( was/were doing something )at + 過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)(that time , 5 o' cloc

5、k.),yesterday afternoon(morning.) , this morning,昨天下午上午 day7the whole morning 整個(gè)上午一整天yesterday, from nine to ten last evening（昨天晚上九至u十點(diǎn) ）when, while引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句.1.i was watching tv at 5 o'clock.（5 點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我正在看電視 ）2.she was playing the piano the whole morning/all day.她整個(gè)上午/ 一整天都在彈鋼琴。4. when后通常用表示暫

6、短性動(dòng)詞，while后通常用表示持 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如： when the car exploded i was walking past it.指在走過這輛車的持續(xù)性過程中，發(fā)生了一個(gè)瞬間的短暫 性的動(dòng)作，即汽車爆炸。 when后面從句謂語動(dòng)詞用exploded=while i was walking past , the car exploded.注：while后面從句謂語動(dòng)詞常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如walking,由于這個(gè)事件已發(fā)生，用過去進(jìn)行的，表示當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時(shí)，這輛車爆炸了，和 when引導(dǎo)的句子意思相同。3 .when用作弁列連詞時(shí)，主句常

7、用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，從句則用 一般過去時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過程中，另一個(gè)意想不 到的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。如：i was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我。4 .when作弁列連詞，表示“（這時(shí)）突然”之意時(shí)，第一個(gè)弁列分句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的弁列分句用一般過去時(shí)。如：1）i was | tak科gwawaikwhen i q met，him.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短暫性動(dòng)詞我正在散步，突然遇見了他。2） we were playing outside when it began to rain.when后面的從句動(dòng)詞常用短暫性動(dòng)

8、詞我們正在外邊玩，這時(shí)下起雨來了。（五）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for, since, ever, already, just, yet, never,till/until, up to now, in past years, so far,recentlywhen和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別: when表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。從句中既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，又可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞既可以表示動(dòng)作，又可表示狀態(tài)。從句中的動(dòng)作既可和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，又可在主句的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生。例如： mary was having dinner when i saw her.the boy was still sleepi

9、ng when his mother got home yesterday morning.when the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.while表示“在的時(shí)候”、“在期間7 "一邊一邊: while從句中必須是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng) 作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過程中。例如：the weather was fine while we were in beijing.she called while i was out.i was drawing while my brothe

10、r was reading.he likes reading a newspaper while he is waiting for the bus.如果主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作過程中發(fā)生，從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： while we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.don't talk so loud while others are working.有時(shí)when和while可以轉(zhuǎn)換使用。例如：the girl was watching tv when the alien got in.when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間 狀語從句 與這一時(shí)態(tài)連

11、用。所以區(qū)別when 和while的用法成了這一單元的難點(diǎn)（一）、when , while都有“當(dāng)時(shí)候”的意思。when既可表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，也可以表示某一段時(shí)間 。在when引導(dǎo) 的時(shí)間狀語從句中，其謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性 的，可與主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可在其后發(fā)生。例如： 1、i was just reading a book when she came into my room.她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí)，我正在看書。2、were you writing when the teacher came in?老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，你在寫信嗎？3、when he was a child h

12、e was always trying out new ideas.他小時(shí)候就常常試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。（二）、while只能表示某一段時(shí)間，不能表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。在 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，其謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的，而且也只能與 主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。例 1、while jim was mending his bike, lin tao came to see him.正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車時(shí)，林濤來看他。2、you can t do your homework while you re watching tv.你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。（三）、另外，when和while的區(qū)別

13、還在于：while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語 從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而 when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句多用一般時(shí)態(tài)。例如：1、while they were talking , the bell rang.正在他們談話的時(shí)候，上課鈴響了。2、i was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.昨天晚上媽媽回家的時(shí)候，我正在做家庭作通過觀察，我們可以這樣理解： when引導(dǎo)的從句里動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間 相對(duì)主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間要短些； while引導(dǎo)的從句里的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的 時(shí)間相對(duì)主句而言更長些。引申講解：when , while ,

14、 as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別when , while , as顯然都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，但用法區(qū)別非常大。 一、when可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用；而while 和as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。 why do you want a new job when you ve got such a good one already ? （get為短暫性動(dòng)詞）你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想 再找新的？sorry , i was out when you called me . （call 為短暫性動(dòng)詞）對(duì) 不起，你打電話時(shí)我剛好外出了。strike while the iron is

15、 hot . （is為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示一種持續(xù)的 狀態(tài)）趁熱打鐵。.（listen為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞） the students took notes as they listened學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。二、when從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生；while和as從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。1.從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生，只用 when。when he had finished his homework , he took a shortrest, （finished先發(fā)生）當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。when i got to the airport ,

16、the guests had left . （got to 后發(fā)生） 當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。2從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when, while, as都可用。when /while /as we were dancing , a stranger came in. （ dance為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。when /while /as she was making a phone call , i was writinga letter. （make為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫信。3 .當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，從句動(dòng)作

17、的時(shí)間概念淡化，而主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí)，只能用as。這時(shí)，as常表示“隨著”；“一邊，一邊”之意。 as the time went on , the weather got worse . （as 表示 “隨著”之意） the atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases .隨著高度的增加，大氣越來越稀薄。as years go by , china is getting stronger and richer .隨著時(shí)間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強(qiáng)了。the little girls sang as

18、 they went .小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。the sad mother sat on the roadside , shouting as she was crying .傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫。4 .在將來時(shí)從句中，常用 when,且從句須用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。you shall borrow the book when i have finished reading it . 在我 讀完這本書后，你可以借閱。when the manager comes here for a visit next week , ill talk with him about this .下周，經(jīng)理

19、來這參觀時(shí)，我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸?。三、when用于表示“一就”的句型中(指過去的事情)。sb. had hardly (= scarcely ) done sth . when . . . = hardly / scarcely had sb . done sth . when . i had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door . = hardly / scarcely had i closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door .我剛一閉上眼，就有人在敲門了。 i had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang . = hardly /scarcely had i entered my room when the telephone rang .我剛一走進(jìn)房門，電話就響了whenwhileas 的區(qū)別when是at or during the ti