初中英語(yǔ)講義(教案)：-初二英語(yǔ)--時(shí)態(tài)講解--一般過(guò)去時(shí)(共10頁(yè))

1、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一、導(dǎo)入 孩子弄的大人沒(méi)脾氣 兒子問(wèn)老公：張飛他媽姓什么？ 老公：不知道。 兒子：笨，姓吳，無(wú)事生非（吳氏生飛）都不知道。 兒子再問(wèn)：張飛他爸姓什么？ 老公思索半天，猛拍腦門(mén)：姓惹，惹事生非！ 兒子狂笑：笨死了！姓張！你不跟你爸姓呀。 二、（1）專(zhuān)題講解 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1、定義：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 連用；也可表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作和行為。 2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning , just now , a moment ago ,two

2、days ago , last night / year / week , before 11:00 , in the past ，at that time等 3、使用情況： （1) 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7點(diǎn)起床。 (2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他總是乘公交車(chē)去上班。 4.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及句型變化 結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種形式： （1)、結(jié)構(gòu)一（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)） J 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(was，wer

3、e)+其它. （注：am,iswas, arewere）J 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+其它. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+其它? e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. I was not late yesterday. They werent in Bei jing last year. Were you late yesterday？ Were they in Bei jing last year？ Yes, I was. Yes, they were. No, I wasn't. No, th

4、ey werent am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt） are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent） (2）、結(jié)構(gòu)二（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)） (注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can ，may ，have to 等等。） 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+動(dòng)詞原形+其它.J 否定句：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其它. 一般疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它? E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. The old man couldnt swim 30 years ago. Could the

5、 old man swim 30 years ago? Yes, he could. No, he couldnt. 常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式如下： cancould（能，會(huì)） maymight（可以） have tohad to（不得不） shallshould（將要）用于第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù) willwould（將要）用于所有人稱(chēng) (3)、結(jié)構(gòu)三（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)） 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它.J 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ didnt +動(dòng)詞原形+其它. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？ E.g. Li Ming studied English this morning. E.g. We oft

6、en played tennis in the past. Li Ming didn't study English this morning. We didn't often play tennis in the past. Did Li Ming study English this morning？ Did you often play tennis in the past? Yes, he did. Yes, we did. No, he didn't. No, we didn't. 注：1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句一律找助動(dòng)詞did來(lái)

7、幫忙（過(guò) 去時(shí)不分人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)，都是加did或did not） 2.前面出現(xiàn)了助動(dòng)詞，后面的動(dòng)詞一律用原形。 3.變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，一問(wèn)一答的關(guān)系當(dāng)中，第一人稱(chēng)和第二人稱(chēng)要相互交換。 5.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句： 結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +一般疑問(wèn)句？ 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？ 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+其它？ E.g. Where were you last night？ What did Jim do yesterday? Where did you walk to yesterday？ How did you find the job? 6、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 1、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去

8、式的規(guī)則變化 (1)、一般詞尾加-ed stay-stayed help - helped ask - asked look-looked watch - watched (2）、以e結(jié)尾的只加-d hope-hoped love - loved dance - danced livelived （3）、末尾三個(gè)字母以“輔+元+輔”結(jié)尾，且為重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音 字母，再加-ed Stop- stopped plan- planned drop - dropped beg - begged （4)、“輔音字母+y”尾，變y為i, 再加 -ed carry - carried study

9、 - studied hurry - hurried 2、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的不規(guī)則變化 （見(jiàn)書(shū)后表格） 7、口訣： 動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生事； be用was或用were, have,has變had； 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，過(guò)去時(shí)間作標(biāo)志； 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed，若是特殊得硬記。 否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，主語(yǔ)之后didnt添； 疑問(wèn)句也不難，did放在主語(yǔ)前； 如果謂語(yǔ)之前有did，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需還原； 動(dòng)詞若是was,were,否定就把not添。（2）變式練習(xí) 一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 isam_  fly_  plant_  are _   drink_ play_ 

10、0;   go_   make _ does_ _   dance_ worry_   ask _     taste_ eat_ draw_ put _     throw_ kick_  pass_    do _ 二、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Hele

11、n and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.四、鞏固練習(xí) 一、句型變換。 1、There was a car

12、in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_ 2 They played football on the playground. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to the zoo yesterday, Tom _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visi

13、t) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 9. It _ (be) Ben

14、s birthday last Friday 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 5、 拓展訓(xùn)練 一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問(wèn)句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)） _ _ _ she _ there? 4、There was

15、 some orange in the cup.（變一般疑問(wèn)句) _ there _ orange in the cup? 二、單項(xiàng)選擇： 1My fatherill yesterday Aisn't Baren't Cwasn't Dweren't 2your parents at home last week AIs BWas CAre DWere 3The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now Aare; were Bwere; are Cwas; are Dwere; was 4your father at work

16、 the dayyesterday (前天） AWas; before BIs; before Cwas; are Dwere; was 5Who was on duty last Friday AI am BI was CYes, I was DNo, I wasn't 三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean) 2. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do) 3. They _ (make) a kite a week ago. 4. I wa

17、nt to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick) 5. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water) 6. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances. 7. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 家庭作業(yè) 一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式、過(guò)去式形式 go _ _ enjoy _ _ buy _ _ eat _ _

18、 get _ _ walk _ _ take _ _ dance _ _ write _ _ run _ _ swim _ _ find _ _ begin _ _ eat _ _ play _ _ study _ _二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.2. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night. So he _ (get) up late.3. Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. Tom _

19、 (begin) to learn Chinese last year.5. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.6. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be)7. -When _ you _ (come) to china?-Last year.8. _ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?9. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term? 10. There _ (be) a football

20、match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it. 初中英語(yǔ)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表1.AAA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞costkstcostkstcostkst花費(fèi)cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受傷hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet讓putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d讀setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展開(kāi)

21、，傳播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt關(guān)上, 閉起,停止?fàn)I業(yè)2.ABB動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 beatbi:t beatbi:t beaten'bi:tn 打敗3.ABA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞becomebi'kmbecamebi'keimbecomebi'km變comekmcamekeimcomekm來(lái)runrnranrænrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母d, t或ed構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞burnb:nburntb:ntbu

22、rntb:nt燃燒dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解決dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做夢(mèng)hearhiheardh:dheardh:d聽(tīng)見(jiàn)hang'hæhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung絞死，懸掛learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt學(xué)習(xí)light'laitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit點(diǎn)燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/pro

23、ved'pru:vn證明, 證實(shí),試驗(yàn)shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀，使發(fā)光showushowedshowed/shown'un展示, 給.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt聞, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼寫(xiě)wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/woken'wukn醒來(lái)，叫醒, 激發(fā)（2）把動(dòng)詞

24、原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d”改為“t” 構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借給rebuild,ri:'bildrebuilt,ri:'biltrebuilt,ri:'bilt改建, 重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花費(fèi)（3）原形ought ought 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t帶來(lái)buybaiboughtb:tboug

25、htb:t買(mǎi)fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想 (4) 原形aught aught動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞catchkætcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）變其中一個(gè)元音字母動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞digdidugddugd掘(土), 挖(洞、溝等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到getetgottgot/gotten'tn得到holdhuldheldheldheldhel

26、d擁有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引導(dǎo), 帶領(lǐng), 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇見(jiàn)sitsitsatsætsatsæt坐shootu:tshottshott射擊spitspitspit/spatspætspit/spatspæt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插進(jìn), 刺入, 粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn贏（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞feel'fi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持l

27、eaveli:vleftleftleftleft離開(kāi)sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡覺(jué)sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept掃(7)其它動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋, 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed說(shuō)standstændstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,nd'stændunderstood,nd'stænd明白loselu:zlostlst, l:st

28、lostlst, l:st失去havehvhadhæd, hd, dhadhæd, hd, d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld賣(mài)tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告訴retell,ri:'telretold,ri:'tuldretold,ri:'tuld重講，重復(fù)，復(fù)述5.ABC（1）原形過(guò)去式原形+(e)n動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞blowblublewblu:blown吹drive draiv drovedruvdrivendrivn駕駛drawdr:drewdru:dr

29、awndr:n畫(huà)畫(huà)eati:tateet,eiteaten'i:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallen'f:ln落下giveivgaveeivgiven'ivn給growrugrewru:grownrun生長(zhǎng)forgivef'ivforgotf'tforgiven原諒, 饒恕knownuknewnju:, nu:known知道m(xù)istakemi'steikmistookmi'stukmistooken弄錯(cuò); 誤解,overeat'uv'i:toverate,uv'reitovereaten(使)吃過(guò)量provepru:vprove