中級寫作 - 虛擬語氣

1、 中級寫作虛擬語氣 Subjunctive Mood判斷以下句子是不是正確的虛擬語氣：判斷以下句子是不是正確的虛擬語氣：1. If we could finish our work earlier, we shall go to the cinema.2. The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.3. I wish that it is true.4. Had you put on more clothes, you would not catch a cold. shall 改成 shouldwill not 改成 ( should ) not

2、is 改成 werewould not catch 改成 would not have caught動詞的語氣簡介：動詞的語氣簡介： 語氣表示說話人對說話內容的看法的一種語法范疇。在英語中，可用不同的動詞形式表示說話的語氣。動詞的三種語氣：1、陳述語氣所表達的動作或狀態(tài)是符合客觀 現(xiàn)實的。 e.g. Flowers blossom in the spring. He played the piano well.2、祈使語氣表示號召、命令、請求、勸告等。 e.g. Let us help you. Keep off the grass.3、虛擬語氣與事實相反，表達的是懷疑、憂慮 推測、祝愿等。虛

3、擬語氣的運用虛擬語氣的運用 1）if真實條件句 2）if虛擬條件句 3）錯綜條件句 4）省略if的倒裝句 5）含蓄條件句（with，but for，不定式，分詞后） 1、在if條件從句中的運用 2、其他形式的虛擬語氣 1）should+動詞原形的形式（表建議的advise， suggest等詞或從句后） 2）wish，would rather，as if等后的虛擬語氣的形式 1、if條件句中的虛擬語氣 If it _ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _ (put off) . 2）if 虛擬條件句虛擬條件句構成構成從句：從句：一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 主句：主句：將來時將來時r

4、ainswill be put off動詞過去式bewere條件從句結果主句would/should/could/might+動詞原形had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have 過去分詞 動詞過去式 were+不定式 should +動詞原形would （should）+動詞原形1）if 真實條件句真實條件句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反ATTENTION 虛擬語氣的助動詞為should，would， could，might，與將來事實相反常用should或would系動詞be的過去式只有were 虛擬語氣中只有完成式、過去式的形式，不存在一般現(xiàn)在時

5、、將來時等其他時態(tài)的形式注意：注意： 在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用，不用was， 即在從句中即在從句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會去找他。如果我是你，就會去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。典型例題典型例題_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A

6、. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三這三個詞個詞主語提前主語提前, 變成變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意，主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do., 而不能而不能說說 Werent I to do.練習練習：1. If I _ (know) her add

7、ress, I would write to her.2. What would you have done if you _(miss) the train?3. If he _ (not be ill ), he would have done something.4. If it _(snow) tomorrow, we _(get up) early.5. If you had asked him yesterday, you _ (know) what to do now.knewhad missed had not been illwere to /should snow/ sno

8、wedshould get upwould know3)錯綜條件句錯綜條件句If he _ his legs yesterday, he _ with us now.hadnt hurt ; would go hadnt hurt; would have gonedidnt hurt; would go A.didnt hurt; would have gone 錯綜條件句是指條件從句中的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致。 e.g. If she hadnt studied hard, she wouldnt speak so well. If the weather had been fin

9、er, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.4)省略if的倒裝句e.g. If they were here, they would help us.如果從句中有were，should，had等詞， 可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首進行倒裝。If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.Were they here, they w

10、ould help us.Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened._ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party. Had they arrived Would they arrive Were they arriving A. Were they to arrive5)含蓄條件句假設情況不以if條件句表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語，不定式表現(xiàn)出來。如with，without，but for，but， otherwise等。e

11、.g. I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up. But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to School. I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture.had attended would have attendedwould attend A. attended If you had not helped meIf I had not lost her phone number Without

12、 sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.without和和but for 構成虛擬。構成虛擬。but for要不是要不是 2. 虛擬語氣特殊句型：虛擬語氣特殊句型：1) Wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時（過去時（

13、were）過去完成時過去完成時 (had done)would/could/might/ should +V. I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在）（現(xiàn)在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）（過去） We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來）（將來）I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish it would rain tom

14、orrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do表達法。表達法。 wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2) would rather that現(xiàn)在：過去：將來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone,

15、 too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時 ( did)過去時 (did)過去完成時(had done)3) as if /though + Clause 現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時 (did)過去完成時(had done)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.They talked as if they had

16、been friends for years.He looks as if he were drunk.4) Its (about/high) time +that should +V.過去時過去時 (did)你該走了。你該走了。我們該去我們該去睡覺了。睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5) 表示要求，命令

17、，建議的虛擬語氣表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣 a. 賓語從句。常見動詞：賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即議，四個要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞句中的動詞 使用使用should + 動詞原形動詞原形，should可省略可省略。我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他

18、堅決要求我到場。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.We suggested that Tom have a rest.I suggest that we (should) hold a mee

19、ting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意：注意： 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示建議建議 或或堅持要某人做某堅持要某人做某事時事時，即它們用于其本意，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、堅持認為堅持認為時，時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。賓語從句用陳述語氣。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to h

20、ospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, order, advice, sugges

21、tion, proposal, demand, request, desirerequest, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6) If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed

22、your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!7) Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形動詞原形It is important that w

23、e ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.8) 不必做不必做和和本不該做本不該做 didnt need to do表示：表示： 過去不必做某事過去不必做某事, 事實上也沒做。事實上也沒做。neednt have done表示：表示： 過去不必做某事過去不必做某事, 但事實上做了。但事實上做了。John went to the station with the car to mee

24、t Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，沒有遇上步行回家，沒有遇上John的車。的車。)典型例題典型例題There was plenty of time. She _.

25、A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried答案答案D。neednt have done. 意為意為本不必本不必，即已，即已經做了某事，而實際上不必要。經做了某事，而實際上不必要。mustnt have done 用法不正確，對過去發(fā)生的用法不正確，對過去發(fā)生的事情進行否定性推斷應為事情進行否定性推斷應為couldnt have done, 不可能已經不可能已經。 must not do 不可以（用于一般不可以（用于一般現(xiàn)在時）現(xiàn)在時）應用舉例1.Did you su

26、bmit(遞交）your application for a Masters degree(碩士學位）？Not yet. If I_to see my father, I would have.”A. didnt go B. havent gone C.wouldnt have gone D. hadnt gone【答案】D【解析】I would have 省略了過去分詞submitted.2.Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings?I didnt want one, but he would have given me one if I _.A

27、. Do B. would C. will D.had【答案】D【解析】 if I had 中省略了過去分詞wanted.3.Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?No, if he had, I dont believe _broken the living room window.A. Would he have B. he had C.he would have D. he has【答案】 C【解析】if he had 后省略了過去分詞5. I _come yesterday, but I couldnt.A.was

28、 to have B. must C.ought D.have to【答案】 A【解析】 was/were+不定式的完成形式構成位于，表示過去所做的計劃和安排沒有實現(xiàn)。6.It is raining, and I have no umbrella.Heres mine, and I insist _it.A.you to take B. that you take C.that you taking D.you taking【答案】 B【解析】一些表示愿望，請求，命令的動詞（如ask, require, suggest, recommend, demand, insist, desire, p

29、refer, order, urge, propose等）后的賓語從句中謂語動詞用動詞原形表示虛擬（也可用should+動詞原形的形式表示虛擬，但在美國英語中常用動詞原形。）7. The professor gave orders that the test _before 5:30.A.be finished B.will finish C.will be finished D.shall finish【答案】 A【解析】在suggestion, proposal, order, advice, recommendation, idea等詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中的謂語動詞，也要用動詞原形

30、表示虛擬。此題that引導的是orders的同位語從句。8. I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _an hour before the discussion begins.A.go B.shall go C. will go D. would go【答案】A【解析】suggest等動詞無論其時態(tài)為過去時還是現(xiàn)在完成時，其后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞也是總是要用動詞原形來表示虛擬。9. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.A. Was B.were C.had been D.went【答案】 C【解析】動詞wish后的賓語從句需要用虛擬語氣。表示過去的愿望用過去完成時。4._Id have told you.A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known itC. Had I know it D. Should I know it 【答案】C【解析】如果if條件句中包含有should（或had,were),則可以省去if并把should（或had,were)移到句首，而意思不變。Ha