初中英語主謂一致

1、.主謂一致 主謂一致是指：1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2）意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。 There is much water in the thermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù) Reading and writing are very importan

2、t.注意：當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例題The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. was C. are D. were答案B. 注：先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時，先排除A.，C.。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary an

3、d monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細(xì)辨別， monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應(yīng)選B。15.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則 1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）當(dāng)either or 與neither

4、nor，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.15.3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。 The teacher together with some stu

5、dents is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.15.4 謂語需用單數(shù) 1） 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch.2） 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of Englis

6、h. <<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。3） 表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.15.5 指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù) 1） 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 All is right. (一切順利。) Al

7、l are present.(所有人都到齊了。)2） 集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時表示該個集體。 His family isnt very large.他家不是一個大家庭。 His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者。 但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Are there any police around

8、?3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.15.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。Most of his mo

9、ney is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2） 在一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than of 作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過這本書。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個城市。  

10、          主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is a good student.    湯姆是個好學(xué)生。They often play football on the playground.   他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢

11、足球。2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書20美元太貴了。3. 就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。The

12、re is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、 主謂一致常考題型 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The desk is Toms.     這張桌子是湯姆的。Some water is in the bottle.    一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground.   這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。2.

13、 many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai.  許多學(xué)生到過上海。3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing.    不止一個學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。4. 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday.   

14、60;兩個月是一個長假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy.    2 0英鎊并不太重。Ten miles isnt a long distance.   1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。Five minus four is one.          5減4等于1。5. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a s

15、eat.    每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Every man and every woman is at work.   每個男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half hours is enough.   一個半小時足夠了。7. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe    眼見為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eye

16、s.  做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the exam.    一兩個學(xué)生考試不及格。9. 當(dāng)主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應(yīng)與第一個名詞一致。Mike with his father has been to England.

17、60;  邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football    邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 10. 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/t

18、he+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.   那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人) The writer and the teacher are coming.   作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)11. people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 People here are very friendly.  

19、60; 這兒的人很友好。 His family isnt large.    他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV.    我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,nobody,  no one,  nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，Is everyone here today.   

20、; 今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him.   他有毛病。Nobody was in.   沒有人在家。13. each,  either,  neither,  another,  the other 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each of them has an English dictionary.   他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neither answer is correct.    兩個答案都不正確。14.

21、以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news.    沒有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class   在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。15. 由bothand連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,  eitheror，neithernor,  not onlybut also,  notbut,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。Either

22、my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting. 16. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時，動詞一般

23、用單數(shù)形式。   A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.   但a variety of,  a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; .而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。   On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eigh

24、t houndred 17以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致   There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式.   The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever.   美是

25、永存的。  三肯定與否定一致   下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時須作相應(yīng)的變化。   We've had some(money). We haven't had any(money).   I was talking to someone. I wasn't talking to anyone.   They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.   He has arriv

26、ed already. He hasn't arrived yet.   Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.   Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.   He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them. 注意：so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語序。  My wife like classic music v

27、ery much and so do I.  She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.                                      &

28、#160;                 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題 1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. were       B. is       C. was         D. a

29、re2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isnt       B. is        C. aret        D. are3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day?Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes

30、.A. last       B. lasts        C. have       D. are4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player.A. am       B. is       C. be        D.

31、 are5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A. is       B. arent       C. isnt       D. are6. The number of the students in our school _1200.A. is        B. are   &

32、#160;   C. has        D. have7. Maths _ my favourite subject.A. be       B. is       C. am        D. are8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were s

33、leeping              B. is sleepingC. was sleeping                D. are asle9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began.A. are     

34、;  B. is        C. were        D. was10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there.A. Neither         B. Both       C. All    

35、60;  D. Some11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know   B. knows   C. have know    D. is12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?There _some eggs and cakes on it.A. is   B. are   C. was   D. were13. This pair of glasses _m

36、ine.A. are   B. be   C. is    D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A. invited                     B. was invitedC. had invited    

37、;          D. were invirted15. Two months _quite a long time.Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. is    B. are    C. was   D. were16. In the city the old _.A. take good care of    &

38、#160;        B. are taken good care ofC. is taken good care of        D. are been taken good care of17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one.A. are,is       B. is,is  &

39、#160;    C. are,are        D. is,are18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing.A. has       B. have       C. are       D. is19. The children in this class each _

40、new school bag.A. have       B. has      C. has got        D. are having20. All but one _ here just now.A. is       B. was      C. has been      

41、   D. were 21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter,       .A.neither he will         B. neither won't heC. neither will he         D. he won't

42、 neither 22. I haven't finished my homeworked yet.      A. so has he     B. Neither he has    C. He has too   D. He hasn't either 23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “     .”   A. I am so      B. So am I  &#