高二(動(dòng)詞不定式)講解與練習(xí)Word版

1、英語語法（動(dòng)詞不定式）定義：動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非限制動(dòng)詞形式，即非謂語動(dòng)詞。非限定動(dòng)詞是指不能單獨(dú)在句中充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞包括：動(dòng)詞不定式，-ing分詞和-ed分詞。動(dòng)詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。2不定式的用法1)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago To see is to believe.2.To finish that task in such a sh

2、ort time is really a challenge在上述情況下，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由it作形式主語，而將不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him happy to get 100yuan by his own effort.2. It's+adj. for sb to do.和 It's adj. of sb to do.1）for sb. 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：It's very hard fo

3、r him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。 2）of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid。例如：It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。用for還是用of 的另一種辨別方法：用介詞for或of后面的邏輯主語作句子的主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果通順用of，不通則用fo

4、r。例如： You are nice.（通順，所以應(yīng)用of）。He is hard. （非所表達(dá)的意思，不通，因此用for。）2)不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式， 另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。及物動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu):只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞，常見的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe，claim，decide, demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， man

5、age， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.動(dòng)詞+疑問代(副)詞+不定式：這類動(dòng)詞常見的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know，

6、 learn， see， regard總結(jié)， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常見的疑問代(副)詞有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有時(shí)，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：動(dòng)詞(如find， think，consider，fe

7、el等)+it+ 形容詞+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.2 / 83)不定式做表語不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如:1.To see is to believe.另一種情況為主語是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名詞為中心的短語，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語對(duì)主語起補(bǔ)充說明作

8、用：；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定式作定語 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting b

9、ook to read如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock

10、 the door?2.The action to be taken is correct第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish等。例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wish to quarrel with you3.Neither of them had any inclination to do b

11、usiness with Mary.5)不定式作狀語1）目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)為to do , only to do（僅僅為了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來僅僅是向你告別。2）作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子不見了。H

12、e searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房間，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。3）表原因I'm glad to see you. 見到你很高興。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到這情形就哭了。4）表示理由和條件He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully. 不帶to的不定式的使用動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶to，但在有些搭配中不帶to，在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：1) 在cancould， maymig

13、ht，willwould，shallshould，must， need，dare等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。2)在感官動(dòng)詞，如see，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或使役動(dòng)詞，如have，let，make等后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，當(dāng)這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to sa

14、y that he would study hard3)在動(dòng)詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在had better，would rather，maymight as well最好還是，不妨，rather than，can not but不得不，等搭配之后，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but

15、 criticize his foolish behaviour.5)在介詞but，except之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to，反之則必須帶to，表示“不得不，只能”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choic

16、e but to wait till it stopped raining下面一些短語是固定搭配，不帶to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一個(gè)固定搭配，就帶to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)緊跟在why或why no

17、t之后的動(dòng)詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who，what，which，whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning?You needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)：（以to do為例）時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式To doTo be done完成式To have doneTo have been done進(jìn)行式To

18、 be doing完成進(jìn)行式To have been doing1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline2.The Vikings are believed to have discovered America3.When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer4.The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain不定式的否定形式

19、否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again. 2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are outI單項(xiàng)選擇：1. He seems _ the old lady.A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known2. Tom_when they spoke ill of him.A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happe

20、ned passing by D. happened to passed3. We all hope_ scientists. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became4. The boy refused _ for climbing the tall tree.A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying5. I happened _ the article when he asked me about it.A. having read B. to have read C. to be rea

21、d D. reading6. _with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking7. It is nice _ your voice. A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing8. _is to struggle. A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived9. Her wish is _ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come10

22、. I was just about _the office when the phone rang.A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving11. I didnt _it until you had explained how.A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have done D. manage doing 12. He found it important _ the situation all over the world.A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied 13. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _ the