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1、廣東省2012高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí):完形填空總述第一模塊完形填空B最專題一記敘文型完形填空 專題二夾敘夾議型完形填空応第_模塊I命題分析完形填空是一種綜合測試,涉及的知識面很廣,是用來測 試考生的閱讀理解能力和綜合應(yīng)用語言的能力。具體表現(xiàn)在以 下幾個方面:(1) 詞語辨析能力(2) 語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力(3) 語篇理解能力(4) 邏輯推理能力(5) 文化背景透析能力(6) 作者意圖剖析能力(7) 生活常識綜合運用能力完形填空在選材上主要以記敘文、夾敘夾議型的文章 為主,伴之以說明文和議論文。所選材料源于生活,時代 感強,語言地道,內(nèi)容健康,情節(jié)豐富,寓意深刻,常涉 及人物的心理活動描寫,集知識、文化、教

2、育和娛樂為一 體,具有極強的可讀性。詞數(shù)大多在250-300,難度低于 閱讀理解部分的文段。近年來的完形填空試題在選項的設(shè)置上越來越淡化語 法結(jié)構(gòu),重在文意的干擾,即把具體的語言知識溶進具體 的語言情景中去,考查考生通過上下文的前后提不或暗不, 對整體文意進行把握的能力。這種考查方式所占的比例較 大,且難度也大,若單純從句子或個別段落來分析,或許 所給的四個選項在語法和結(jié)構(gòu)上都是正確的,若放在全局, 則不一定正確。因此,快速瀏覽全文,領(lǐng)悟文章主旨,通 過上下文的語境來選擇正確答案是解決這類題的關(guān)鍵。以 下是廣東省最近三年高考自主命題的完形填空的命題特點 以及實詞考查對照表:年度2 009 年2

3、010 年201 1 年記敘文記敘文議論文題材該文記敘了 阿爾弗雷徳 諾貝爾決定設(shè) 立諾貝爾獎金 的經(jīng)過該文記敘了 一位南韓學(xué)生 初到美國學(xué)習(xí) 時感到的文化 差異文章就有天 賦的學(xué)生是不 是應(yīng)該進特殊 班的問題進行 了討論總詞數(shù)172215235名詞324動詞412形容詞25副詞122第一模塊I應(yīng)試點睛完形填空考查的內(nèi)容和范圍1.主要考查的詞類完形填空題突出考查考生對篇章的整體理解和對語境的理 解,而在文章中只有實詞才能較好地突出詞匯的語境化。細(xì)讀近兩年的考試大綱和研究近三年的高考試題后,我們可以得 知,廣東卷完形填空只考查實詞,主要是名詞、動詞(包括動 詞短語)、形容詞、副詞等。同時,每小題

4、的四個選項均屬同 一詞類或同一語法形式。若四個選項都是名詞,那么都是單 數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞或是不可數(shù)名詞;若四個選項都是形容詞或 副詞,要么都是原級,要么都是比較級,要么都是最高級; 如果都是動詞,那么四個選項要么都是及物動詞或不及物動 詞,要么都是ing形式或ed形式,要么都是動詞原形。2.試題的選文特點廣東卷完形填空的體裁可以是具有一定故事情節(jié)的記 敘文,或是夾敘夾議、富有哲理的議論文,也可以是說明文。知識內(nèi)涵沒有超出中 親切、自然,其難度20092011年廣東高考英語試題的三篇文章的主題都 很明確,內(nèi)容完整,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),層次分明,邏輯性強, 文章內(nèi)容新,立意高,構(gòu)思巧妙,富有一定的時代特色

5、和教育意義,句式結(jié)構(gòu)不是很復(fù)雜, 學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平,考生讀起來熟悉、略高于高三教材。有助于考生了解和推完形填空的首句是文章的窗口,測全文的大意,所以短文首句均不設(shè)空,每兩題空格最大 間隔一般不超過30個詞,最小不低于5個詞。廣東卷完形填空的全部答案都是通過理解上下文來確定 的,也可以說是要求考生從文章中找出直接或間接的答案。 它一般不設(shè)純語法題,如不設(shè)主謂一致題,不設(shè)復(fù)合句的連 接詞,不考介詞、代詞等。另外,四個選項中一般不會出現(xiàn) 很難辨析的同義詞或近義詞。邏輯推理、背景知識、生活常 識、習(xí)慣用法和搭配是命題者經(jīng)常考慮的命題點。3.考查的主要技能首先,考查考生結(jié)合文章上下文對詞匯意義及其用法的

6、理解和運用能力。完形填空題型有相當(dāng)一部分試題是考查考 生能否根據(jù)文章的上下文來正確辨別所給選項,選出最適合 文章語境的詞或詞組。其次,考查考生靈活運用習(xí)慣用法和 常用搭配的能力。另外,考查考生根據(jù)生活常識進行推理和 判斷的能力。第一模塊I題型探究探究點一對名詞和動詞的考查完形填空主要考查語境理解,而在通常情況下,只有實 詞才能較好地體現(xiàn)語境。20092011年廣東高考英語卷完形 填空考查的全為實詞,如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等。一、名詞名詞是完形填空中對詞匯考查的重要內(nèi)容之一。名詞在英 語基本詞匯中所占比例很大,而且英語中名詞的同義詞和近 義詞很多,所以對名詞考查的主要項目是名詞詞義辨析,此

7、外還有名詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與動詞的搭配等。 做題時應(yīng)該注意:1. 名詞的基本意義以及同、近義名詞的區(qū)分例 1 Chinese arts have won theof a lot ofpeople outside ChinaA. enjoymentB. appreciationC. entertainmentD. reputation【解析】B本題考查名詞的詞義辨析。enjoymen諄樂, 快樂;appreciation欣賞,正確評價,感激;entertainment 術(shù)得到許多海外人士的好評”可知答案為B。款待,娛樂;reputation名譽,名聲。根據(jù)語境“中國的藝2. 名詞在特定情景、語

8、境中的特殊含義例2“The longer you stay away from theofmotherlands ” she said, “the sweeter your blood grows to the mosquitoes.” Well, less than a week after my arrival, I was already carpeted with amosquito bitesB. pile D. blanketA. shadeC. cloud【解析】D blanket原意是“毯子,毛毯”,此處意思是“像毯子一樣的厚厚的覆蓋物”,此處引申為“一層”。 另外,blank

9、et常用作名詞,意思是“毯子”,也可用作動 詞,意思是“像毯子一樣覆蓋”。例3 It didrft matter whether you were black, white or Asian; everyone worked together for theofthe company.A. goodB. bossC. restD. right【解析】A此處good是名詞,意為“好處,利益” o3. 名詞與動詞的搭配例4 I have read the material several times but it didn,t make anyto me.A. meaning B. importa

10、nceC. sense D. significance意為“意義清【解析】C make sense是固定習(xí)語, 楚,講得通,有道理”。4. 名詞與介詞的搭配例5 Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another byof criesA. waysB. meansC. methodsD. approaches【解析】B四個選項都有“方法,手段”的意思,但means of是固定短語,意為“借助例6 DorVt leave matches or cigarettes on the table withinof little childre

11、n.A. handB. reachC. spaceD. Distance【解析】B within reach of sb是固定習(xí)語,意為 “某人伸手拿得到的”。例7 I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children,s.A. reachB. handC. holdD. place【解析】是固定習(xí)語,意為“伸手拿不到的,夠不著的” Oout of sb,s reach和beyond sb's reachHe and his wife are of the sameboth want their son to go to coll

12、ege.A. soul C. heartB. spiritD. mind【解析】Dof the same mind是固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“意見一致,想法一致” O二、動詞1T動詞是高考考查的熱點。命題者通過設(shè)計特定的、真實的 語境對動詞和動詞短語的用法進行考查。做題時應(yīng)該注意:1. 動詞的基本意義、引申意義例9 Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as EL Nino.The appearance of EL Nino is known toth

13、e weather around the worldA. effect B. affect C. spoil D. heat【解析】B effect使發(fā)生,實現(xiàn),引起;affect影響, 作用;spoi龐壞,溺愛,破壞;heat加熱。例10 People who are welladjusted are abletostressful situations better than othersA. handleB. createC. affectD. investigate【解析】A handle作名詞時意思是“柄,把手”,此 處用作動詞,意為“處理,操作”。2. 同、近義動詞的區(qū)分例11 H

14、ospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20hour operation to haveoneyear-old twins at the headA. cutB. separatedC. dividedD. removedID【解析】cut切,割,削,剪,截;separate®(本脫掉,剔除。根據(jù)題意來在一起的人或物)分開,分離;divide把(一個整體)劃分為 均等的幾個部分;remove把“醫(yī)生成功地實施了手術(shù),把連體李生嬰兒分開了” ,只 有separate合乎語境。例12 Four years of

15、study in Hong Kong is not cheap, costing at least 400,000 yuan, but many top students scholarships A. accept B. receiveC. require D request【解析】accept接受,同意,承擔(dān)(責(zé)任等);receive收到,接受,迎接。此處的意思是“很多優(yōu)秀學(xué)生 獲得獎學(xué)金”。3. 動詞與介詞的搭配例13 A month ago, right before leaving Kennedy Airport, my grandmame of the behavior of th

16、enative mosquitoes around the visitors like me. A. persuaded B. reminded C. warned D. informed【解析】Cwarn sb.of sth.是固定搭配,意為“警告某人某事” o例14 Scientists areof the positive effect oflaughter on physical and mental healthA. convinced B. persuadedC. allowed D. prevented【解析】A convince sb.of sth.使某人確信,使 信服。4.

17、動詞與名詞的搭配例15 “But they aredamage to our housesand shops of historical interest9 ” said John Norris, oneof the protesters.A. doingC. puttingB. raisingD. producing【解析】A固定搭配do damage to意為"損害,破壞”。例16 He explained that I looked for the best inpeople,.From then on, Pve always tried totheprinciple in m

18、y life and later in running my company. A. revise B. set C. review D. follow【解析】D follow the principle遵循原貝II。5. 動詞短語的意義例17 They thought they would get the chance to the new oil fields in this areaA. put up B. set upC. open up D. build up【解析】Cput up有"搭起,建造”之意,后面一般要接房子、帳篷之類的名詞作賓語;set up有“設(shè)立,建立,創(chuàng)立

19、”之意,后面要接工廠、組織、榜樣等名詞作賓語;open up意為“打開,打通,開發(fā),開創(chuàng)”,后面 接領(lǐng)土、資源之類的名詞作賓語。第_模塊I題型探究例18he told me I needed to relax because Ilooked nervous.After I51 played better.A. fell down B. wrote downC. slowed down D. calmed down【解析】D fall down跌倒;write down記下,寫下; slow down放慢速度,減速;calm down平靜下來,鎭鬼 下來。第一模塊I題型探究例19 He trie

20、d to make a telephone call, but was unable to.A. get onB. get upC. get through D. get in【解析】C get on±車;get up起床;get through 結(jié)束,做完,通過,接通;get in進入,到達(dá),收割。例20 Scientists have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of adjustment is.When men aretogether for a longperiod,

21、 they begin to feel uneasy.A. shut up B. held upC. brought up D. picked up【解析】A shut up關(guān)閉,住口; hold up舉起,提出,抓住,阻擋;bring up養(yǎng)育,提起;pick up撿起,拾起。探究點二對形容詞和副詞的考查形容詞、副詞是高考完形填空題重要的考查內(nèi)容。形容詞 可以修飾名詞;副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。廣 東高考完形填空考查的副詞有相當(dāng)一部分是方式副詞(表示行 為動作發(fā)生方式的副詞)。重點掌握以下兩類副詞:1. 由形容詞加后綴ly構(gòu)成的副詞,如slowly(慢慢地), politely(

22、有禮貌地),proudly(驕傲地),carelessly(粗心地), properly(適當(dāng)?shù)兀耆兀?successfully(成功地), badly(嚴(yán)重地,非常)等。2. 由分詞加后綴ly構(gòu)成的副詞,如surprisingly(使人驚 奇的是),hurriedly(匆ft地),undoubtedly(無疑,必是)等。做題時應(yīng)該注意:1.形容詞、副詞的基本意義、引申意義老人唯一的兒子在車禍中喪生對他來說是沉例 1 That his only son was killed in a car accidentwas ablow to the old man.A.heavyB. broadC

23、.hugeD. main【解析】A重的打擊。這里的heavy意思是“強烈的,沉重的”。例2 She has the ability to keepin anemergency.A. quietB calmC. stillD silent【解析】B我們不妨從這幾個表示“靜”的反義詞的 角度來加以辨析。calm對應(yīng)wild,指海上無浪,情緒穩(wěn)定; still對應(yīng)moving,指不動;silent對應(yīng)wordy,指不出聲; quiet對應(yīng)noisy,招安靜,無噪音。由句意奇知血選B。例3 Mr.Smith used to smokebut he hasgiven it up.A. seriously

24、B. heavilyC. badlyD. hardly【解析】B Mr.Smith以前抽煙抽得很兇,但現(xiàn)在已 經(jīng)戒掉了。這里的heavily指的是量大,次數(shù)頻繁。例4 The final score of the basketball match was93 : 94.We were onlybeaten.A. nearly B. slightlyC. narrowly D. lightly【解析】c副詞narrowly在此表示"勉強地”。句意: 籃球賽的最后比分是93 : 94o我們以微弱的劣勢輸?shù)袅吮荣?。? It is always difficult being in a f

25、oreign country, if you don,t speak the languageA. extremelyB. naturallyC. basicallyD. especially【解析】D注意掌握詞語的準(zhǔn)確含義,結(jié)合語境進行 分析。extremely極端地;naturally自然地;basically基本 ±; especially;其,特別地。例6 She devoted herselfto her researchand it earned her a good reputation in her fieldA. strongly B. extremelyC. en

26、tirely D. freely【解析】c strongly強烈地;extremely極端地,非 常;entirely全部地,完全地;freely自由地。根據(jù)句意, C項最符合。2. 同.近義形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別在對形容詞和副詞的考查中,有時會碰到同義、近義詞的辨析。辨析時,單從漢語意思上有時是無法辨清的。我們要逆向思維, 釆用反義對比、分析構(gòu)詞等方法,使語義一目了然。例7 When I took his temperature, it was two degrees aboveA. averageB. ordinaryC. regularD. normal例8 Letter boxes are

27、 much morein theUK than in the US5 where most people have a mailbox instead A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual例9 Ifs in theinterest that we shouldhave a wellrun health service.A. ordinaryB. generalC. ParticularD. usual例10 Now, in our country, free medical treatment covers sickness of mind as w

28、ell assickness.A. normalB averageC ordinary 0L regular【解析】7.D.A 9.B 10.C這組題目主要涉及ordinary, usual, common和normal等詞語的辨析。要辨清 這幾個中文意義十分相近的詞的用法,我們不妨來個逆向思 維,從它們的反義詞上去尋找一些“蛛絲馬跡”: ordinary special (特殊的);general specific, particular (具體的,個體的);common rare (少見的); normal abnormal (不正常的)。從反義詞的角嵐 把向 義.近義詞作對比,它們的區(qū)別

29、便一目了然。3. 形容詞與介詞的搭配例11 This magazine is verywith youngpeople, who like its content and styleA. familiarB. popularC. similarD particular【解析】B be familiar with熟悉;be popular with 受如也be similar to與相似(注意不搭配介詞很講究(不搭配介詞with)owith); be particular about對4. 副詞與動詞的搭配例12 Irecognize the difficult situationthe com

30、pany is in.A. stronglyB. de即lyC. sincerelyD. fully【解析】D注意記憶一些常用表達(dá),如deeply regret 深感遺憾;fully recognize完全認(rèn)清;sincerely hope由衷地希望;strongly recommend?®烈建議。5 語境對形弟詞、副詞的考查,側(cè)重語境考查占較大比重。解 答此類題目時不僅要理解形容詞和副詞的詞義,而且對語境的正確理解更為重要。所以,要根據(jù)語境選擇與短文所描述 的情景或敘述的人、物、事件的性質(zhì)、特征等有關(guān)的形容詞 或副詞,選擇與短文前后敘述的話題、主題.中心內(nèi)容相關(guān) 的形容詞或副詞。h

31、ave been solved by the end例13 The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will of next weekA. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D gradually【解析】B既然“現(xiàn)在正在討論”,那么這個問題在 一定時間內(nèi)得到解決是“有希望的”。比較四個選項,你會 發(fā)現(xiàn)A、C、D在邏輯上都講不通,可知答案是B。例14 At times, worrying is a normal,response to a difficult event or situati

32、on a loved one being injured in an accident, for exampleA. effective B. individualC. inevitable D. unfavorable【解析】C分析題干的語境可知,是對困難的一種正常反應(yīng),那么這種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生就是自然的, 也是“不可避免的” o探究點三前制性、后制性和語篇性的設(shè)空 完形填空答案有的由已讀過的上文決定,有的由未讀過的下文決定,還有的要綜合上下文而定,這三種設(shè)空方法 分別稱為前制性設(shè)空、后制性設(shè)空和語篇性設(shè)空。毫無疑問, 前制性設(shè)空難度低,后制性設(shè)空難度較高,語篇性設(shè)空難 應(yīng)最大。1. 前制性設(shè)空:

33、答案由已讀過的上文決定例 1 I couldrVt bear the pain of the bites I woke up my cousin, who was sleeping peacefully in the bed next to mine Unhappy for beingshe said,“There is nothing you can doA. blamed B. interruptedC. moved D. frightened【解析】B 根據(jù)I woke up my cousin可以知道答案。例2 Being alone in outer space can be fri

34、ghtening.That is one reason why astronauts on solo space flights were given plenty of work to keep themA. tiredB. asleepC. consciousD. busy【解析】D 既然Being alone in outer space can be frightening.那么astronautswere given plenty of work 的目的就是使他們有事可做。2. 后制性設(shè)空:答案由未讀過的下文決定例3 Ring up this lady.She wants aimme

35、diately.ln fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten peopleA. CookB. helpC. teacherD. secretary【解析】A 根據(jù)下文have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner可以知道答案。例4 Liu Mei is among theones. TheChinese University of Hong Kong granted Liu a full scholarship HK$5005000. Not all studen

36、ts are so fortunate A. poor B. smartC. lucky D. silent【解析】C 根據(jù)下文.“granted Liu a full scholarship和Not all students are so fortunate.可以知道 答案。例5 It had been a longstanding joke in our family that I wanted a piano so that I couldlessons“Learn to play the piano, and 111 get you one.,J was my husband resp

37、onseA. give B. takeC. draw D. teach【解析】B 根據(jù)下文Learn to play the piano, and. 可以知道答案。3. 語篇性設(shè)空:綜合上下文后敲定答案 這種設(shè)題方式體現(xiàn)了 “突出語篇”的命題思路。例6 I did very badly at school.My headmaster thought I wasand when I was 14 he said,“YoiTre never going to be anything but a failure匚A. bright B. uselessC. simple D. hopeful【解析】

38、B 根據(jù)上文.did very badly和下文You* never going to be anything but a failure,可知答案。例7 I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week It was one of the mostgamesPve ever had When Ed suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. .When the game finally ended, both of us were ly

39、ing flat on our backs In a way, I think we both won: I won the game, but cousin Ed won my respect.A. encouraging B. hopelessC. surprising D. regular【解析】C此題并非考查四個詞的區(qū)別,而是考查對全文的理解。根據(jù)后文提到的作者預(yù)計的得分與實際得分相 比較,這場比賽的結(jié)果是出人意料的,所以可以推斷C項為 正確答案。 探究點四 句子、句組和語篇的層次完形填空題設(shè)空的答案有的由一個句子決定,有的由相鄰 不遠(yuǎn)的一組句子決定,還有的由語篇內(nèi)容綜合決定。因此,

40、完形填空設(shè)空分為句子層次、句組層次和語篇層次。設(shè)空的難 度,從句子層次到句組層次,再到語篇層次,依次遞增。1. 句子層次完形填空的設(shè)空答案由一個句子決定。其所提供的四個選 項往往在語法上都能成立,但從語境來看,卻只有一個選項 是最合適的。例 1 I could hardly wait for him to open up his gift. Infact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening, I went to the kitchen tothe coffee, tea andmorning goodiesA. start B. C

41、ook C. set D. serve【解析】A cook(烹調(diào))與后面的賓語coffee和tea不搭 配,它可以與breakfast搭配;set(擺放),serve(端飯菜)都 必須有服務(wù)對象,通過對全段的理解可知我一早就去廚房, 此時家里其他人都還沒起床;start(開始動手)正說明一開始 的情況。例2 For hours, the secretary took no notice of them, hoping that the couple would finally becomeand go away.A. surprisedB. disappointedC. worriedD. t

42、roubled【解析】B 可以判斷出答案。根據(jù)句子中的took no notice和go away例3 I would go to the pile of letters marked withuFunnv,J if we needed a“,OA. CryB. LaughC. ChatD. Sigh【解析】B根據(jù)“Funny,可以判斷出答案。2. 句組層次完形填空題有的設(shè)空僅僅根據(jù)一個句子往往解決不了問 題,必須聯(lián)系上下句,甚至更多的句子才能得出答案。有 的試題需要考生越過句子,甚至是段落來進行理解和推斷。 句組層次的題型,比句子層次的在難度上提高了。例4 And they asked wh

43、y I would risk everything for a dream I made my 1 to start my own company and leave my secure position after 2 a regional sales meeting. The vicepresident of our company delivered a 3 that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be? ” After giving us a m

44、oment to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a god? ” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment.1 - A.plan B. Promise C. decision D. mind2. A.attending B. Joining C. entering D. holding3. A.newspaper B. Book C. report D. speech【解析】1 .C 從空后的to start my own company and leave my secure(無憂無慮的)position我們知道這是 作者作出的“決定”。2. A 從空后的a regional sales meeting我們知道作 者是參加會議。3. D 從He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be? ” 以及后文我們知道, 他作的是一個“演講”,而不是作報告。3. 語篇層次竟形翼

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