特殊句型學(xué)案

1、2015屆高考英語專項復(fù)習(xí)-特殊句式【命題分析】 辨別句子結(jié)構(gòu)是考生應(yīng)對高考應(yīng)具備的能力之一。英語中句子結(jié)構(gòu)很多，也很容易混淆。特殊句式內(nèi)容比較雜亂，掌握起來有一定的難度。其中倒裝句是高考的熱點，強(qiáng)調(diào)句是高考的難點。同時，祈使句與陳述句的區(qū)別、省略與替代的合理運用等是高考考查的重點項目。一、倒裝.完全倒裝 謂語動詞完全放置主語之前的句子，便是完全倒裝句。這類句型主要有兩種：1為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語，把表示方位或時空的副詞或介詞短語，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首時。如：In a lect

2、ure hall of a university in England sits a professor.South of the river lies a small factory.Here is the book you want.Now comes your turn.注意：上述情況中，若主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。如：Away they went.他們走了。 Over it turns！它翻過來了。2表語位于句首時，其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語連系動詞主語”。如：Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.Gone are th

3、e days when we were poor.部分倒裝1only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且放在句首時。如：Only in this way can we learn English well.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.注意：only修飾主語時，句子不可倒裝。如：Only you can solve the problem.2否定副詞never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time，under/in no circumsta

4、nces，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首時。如：Never before have I seen such a moving film.I have never seen such a moving film before.Not a single mistake did he make.He didnt make a single mistake.3hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引導(dǎo)兩個分句時，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變。但當(dāng)neither.nor.引導(dǎo)兩個分句

5、時，兩個分句都要部分倒裝。如：Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.Neither do I know，nor does she.4so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也(不)”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時，要用部分倒裝，其句型為：so/neither/norbe動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語。so與前面的肯定句呼應(yīng)，neither，nor與前面的否定句相呼應(yīng)。如：They love having lots of friends，so do those with disabilities.I don

6、t know who he is，nor do I want to know.注意：so表示“是的，確實”重復(fù)上文，表示贊同對方的觀點時，主謂語不倒裝。如：It is too hot.天太熱了。 So it is.是啊，的確很熱。5在so/such.that.句式中，如果so/such引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首時，主句中的主語和謂語需要部分倒裝，如謂語為be的一般現(xiàn)在式或一般過去式，則完全倒裝。如：So dark was it that he couldnt see the faces of his companions.So loudly did he speak that even the peo

7、ple in the next room could hear him.6以as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其表語應(yīng)提到句首，其余部分不變。如果從句的表語是個名詞時，要把名詞前的冠詞去掉。though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句也可以用這種形式，但也可以用正常結(jié)構(gòu)。其結(jié)構(gòu)一般為“adj./adv./v./v.ed/v.ing/n.as/though主語謂語”。如：Young as/though she is，she has seen much of the world.Woman as she is，she is courageous.7省略if的倒裝句型。如果虛擬語氣的條件句中謂語有系動詞were，助動詞ha

8、d或情態(tài)動詞should等，可省去if，把were，had或should移到主語之前。如：Were I you，I would take his advice.Should it rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本形式強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的使用特點主要有以下幾個方面：1被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語或狀語從句時，要用that引導(dǎo)從句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。如：It was in the park tha

9、t I met him.2被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人時，引導(dǎo)詞可用who，也可用that。如：Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?注意：當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語時，代詞要用主格形式。如：It was I who put forward the theory first.3被強(qiáng)調(diào)的不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，主句的be動詞都用單數(shù)is或was。如：It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our count

10、ry day and night.4對not.until時間狀語從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時，其句型是：It is/was not until.that從句，即not和until在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中總是緊挨著的。注意習(xí)慣上不用not till，而且從句不能用when引導(dǎo)。It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問形式Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?When was it that he made up hi

11、s mind to take this course?Why is it that he doesnt like the book?Who was it that broke the window?When was it that you called me yesterday?What is it that you want me to do？注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與It is/was時間when從句：在上述句型中it指時間，when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。注意兩種句型“時間”表達(dá)方式的不同。如：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.It

12、was midnight when I got here yesterday.三、省略.狀語從句的省略1有些時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句主語一致或從句的主語為it，而且從句的謂語動詞又包含be，就可以省略從句中的“主語be”部分。如：While(I was)in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.If (you are) asked，you may come in.如果被叫到，你可以進(jìn)來。She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.Though (i

13、t was) cold，he still wore a shirt.2還有諸如：if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有)；if in need(如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要)。如：Errors，if (there are) any，should be corrected.Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.He may not be at home then，if so (he

14、 is not at home)，leave him a note.動詞不定式的省略為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動詞原形而只留下不定式符號to。如：He may leave if he wishes to.Dont go till I tell you to.等我叫你走你再走。四、祈使句.否定式和強(qiáng)調(diào)式Please dont forget to take your medicine.Do come on time this evening.今晚務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時到。(強(qiáng)調(diào)式).祈使句and陳述句if.，主句祈使句or陳述句if.not.，主句Work hard and you will

15、succeed.(If you work hard，you will succeed.)Hurry up or we will be late.(If we dont hurry up，we will be late.)One more minute and I will finish it.(If you give me one more minute，I will finish it.)五、反意疑問句.含有情態(tài)動詞表推測的反意疑問句情態(tài)動詞表示推測時，反意疑問句不用情態(tài)動詞，而是根據(jù)不同的時間狀語和情態(tài)動詞后面動詞的不同結(jié)構(gòu)來確定。如：I think he must be a doctor

16、，isnt_he?He must have been there，hasnt_he?He must have been there last night，wasnt_he?He must have finished the book，hasnt_he?He must have finished the book last month，didnt_he?They must have finished the project by the end of last year，hadnt_he?.主句謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine等的主語

17、為第一人稱時，疑問部分的主語和謂語動詞與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致；若它們的主語為第二、三人稱時，后面的反問部分由主句來決定。如：I dont believe he will succeed，will he?Tom doesnt believe they will succeed，does he?.祈使句的反意疑問句祈使句中的后半部分附加問句，不表示反意，而表示一種語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：否定祈使句，will you?肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?Let第三人稱，will you？如：Open the door，will/wo

18、nt you?Lets go out for a walk，shall we？Let us go home now，will you?六、感嘆句.感嘆句的基本形式What(a/an)形容詞名詞主語謂語！How形容詞(a/an)名詞主語謂語！How形容詞/副詞主語謂語！.感嘆句的省略形式how直接修飾謂語動詞：How主語謂語！如：How(much)we love our motherland!What an interesting book(it is)！How wonderful(it is)！ 七、there be結(jié)構(gòu).there be結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語形式there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞be有時可

19、用seem to be，happen to be，be likely to be或remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur等替換。如：There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. .there be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語形式There being no enough time left，we have to hurry. (獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語)There having be

20、en no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty. (獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語)What is the chance of there being an election this year? (there be的動名詞形式作of的賓語)I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. (there be結(jié)構(gòu)作expect的復(fù)合賓語)It is natural for there to be a generation gap between the parents a

21、nd their children. (there be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作真正的主語) 十 年 高 考 真 題1.05全國It wasnt until nearly a month laterI received the managers reply. A.sinceB.when C.as D.that2.05上海There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ?A.wasnt there B.was there C.didnt it D.did it3.05上海Never before

22、in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A.has this city been B.this city has been C.was this cityD.this city was4.05天津They have a good knowledge of English but littlethey know about German.A.have B.did C.had D.do5.05天津It is what you do rather than what you saymatters.A.that B.wha

23、t C.which D.this6.05遼寧In the dark forests, some large enough to hold several English towns.A.stand many lakes B.lie many lakes C.many lakes lie D.many lakes stand7.05湖北He hasnt slept at all for three days.he is tired out.A.There is no pointB.There is no needC.It is no wonder D.It is no way8.05湖北Fath

24、er, you promised!Well, .But it was you who didnt keep your word first.A.so was I B.so did I C.so I was D.so I did9.05安徽Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. and so did I.A.So she had B.So had she C.So she did D.So did she10.05福建Only after my friend cameA.did the computer repair B.he repaired the

25、 computerC.was the computer repaired D.the computer was repaired11.05重慶, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may D.Quiet as he may be a student12.05重慶What should I do with this passage?the main i

26、dea of each paragraph.A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D.To find out13.05山東- _ that he managed to get the information? - Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it  B. What was it   C. How was it   D. Why was it  14.06全國Mary, _hereeverybody else, stay

27、 where you are.A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming15.06全國We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?A.do you B.can weC.will youD.shall we16.06全國It was not until she got homeJennifer realized she had lost her keys.A.when B.that C.where D.before17.06天津Did Linda see the traffic accident?No

28、, no soonerthan it happened.A.had she gone B.she had goneC.has she goneD.she has gone18.06遼寧It was after he got what he had desiredhe realized it was not so important.A.that B.when C.since D.as19.06浙江_by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.A.Only B.Just C.Still

29、D.Yet20.06福建Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, ?A.hadnt you B.wouldnt you C.arent I D.didnt she21.06福建homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.A.So much B.Too much C.Too littleD.So little22.06福建 Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes.yesterday.A.So was it B.So it was C.

30、So it is D.So is it23.06湖北AIDS is saidthe biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A.that it is B.to be C.that it has beenD.to have been24.06重慶Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no meanswith my progress.A.the teacher is not satisfied B.is the

31、teacher not satisfiedC.the teacher is satisfied D.is the teacher satisfied25.06重慶and Ill get the work finished.A.Have one more hour B.One more hourC.Given one more hour D.If I have one more hour26.06山東I just wonderthat makes him so excited.A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is27.06山東

32、Engines are to machines _hearts are to animals.A.as B.that C.what D.which28.06江西 I reminded you not to forget the appointment.A.So you did B.So I do not C.So did you D.So do I29.05江西and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her

33、life. A.Having given up hope of cure B.With no hope for cureC.There being hope for cure D.In the hope of cure30.05江蘇about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A.So curious the couple was B.So curious were the coupleC.How curious the couple were D.The coupl

34、e was such curious31.06安徽Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditions.A.I could imagine B.could I imagine C.I couldnt imagine D.couldnt I imagine32.06廣東Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, she?A.had B.did C.hadnt D.didnt33.06四川At the foot of

35、the mountain.A.a village lie B.lies a village C.does a village lie D.lying a village34.06陜西Only thenhow much damage had been caused.A.she realized B.she had realizedC.had she realized D.did she realize35.07全國We all know that, , the situation will get worse.A.not if dealt carefully withB.if not caref

36、ully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with36.07全國If Joes wife wont go to the party, .A.he will either B.neither will heC.he neither will D.either he will37.07北京When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _? A.do you B.dont you C.will

37、 you D.wont you38.07上海How was the televised debate last night?Super!Rarely so much media attention.A.a debate attracted B.did a debate attractC.a debate did attract D.attracted a debate39.07上海The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. it was!A.What a dangerous sceneB.Wha

38、t dangerous a sceneC.How a dangerous sceneD.How dangerous the scene40.07安徽Littlethat we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be goinghis own way in this business.A.he realized B.he didnt realizeC.didnt he realize D.did he realize41.07安徽In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much

39、 easier than.A.that used to be B.it is used to C.it was used to D.it used to be42.07陜西_that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A.So successful her business was B.So successful was her businessC.So her business was successful D.So was her successful business43.07重慶It is not who is right

40、but what is rightis of importance.A.which B.it C.that D.this44.07重慶_, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A.Strange as might it soundB.As it might sound strangeC.As strange it might soundD.Strange as it might sound45.07浙江Itwe had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we ha

41、d a lot in common.A.was until;whenB.was until;thatC.wasnt until;when D.wasnt until;that46.07遼寧I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom so lonely as now.A.have I feltB.I had felt C.I have felt D.had I felt47.07江蘇My room gets very cold at night.A.So is mineB.So mine is C.So

42、 does mine D.So mine does48.07山東The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March.A.has been launched B.having been launchedC.being launchedD.to be launched49.08全國It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.that B.how C.whichD.when50.08天津It

43、 was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where51.08江西It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be perm

44、itted D. the residents had been permitted52.08湖南 the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A.Having searched B.To search C.Searching D.Search5308陜西Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it. A. he stopped B. did he stop C. s

45、topped he D. he did stop54.08重慶It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.A.that B.when C.while D.as55.08重慶Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.A.I realizedB.I had realized C.had I realizedD.did I realize56.08福建Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not

46、 the workers.They just carried out the order .A.as toldB.as are told C.as tellingD.as they told57.08遼寧 Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was eitherD. either was I58.08江蘇It is often said that the joy of travelling is in arriving at y

47、our destination in the journey itself.A./;but B./;or C.not;or D.not;but59.08江蘇 you eat the correct foods be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A.Only if; will youB.Only if; you willC.Unless; will you D.Unless; you will60.09安徽 a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A

48、. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains61.(09福建For a moment nothing happened .Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come62.09湖南Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some timewalking my dog. A. being tired B.

49、 tiring C. tired D. to be tired 63.09湖南You and I could hardly work together, ?A. could you B. couldnt I C. couldnt we D. could we64.09江西According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as 65.09江西It was _ he came back from Africa th

50、at year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 66.09江西Some of you may have finished unit one. _ , you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 67.09海南The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _

51、, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was saved D. was saved teachers energy68.09山東So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 69.09陜西He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ? A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he 70.09陜西Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 71.09四川I wonder _ y