導(dǎo)學(xué)教程2017屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分高考題型攻略篇高考題型之六短文改錯(cuò)專題十三完美制勝短文改錯(cuò)課件

1、專題十三完美制勝短文改錯(cuò)高考高考24話題之話題之(十三十三)：熱點(diǎn)話題：熱點(diǎn)話題(Topic issues)目前全國(guó)上下都在倡導(dǎo)低碳生活，節(jié)約資源。請(qǐng)你目前全國(guó)上下都在倡導(dǎo)低碳生活，節(jié)約資源。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面圖畫(huà)寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文，談?wù)勀銓?duì)節(jié)約資源的看根據(jù)下面圖畫(huà)寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文，談?wù)勀銓?duì)節(jié)約資源的看法。法?！緦懽髟掝}寫作話題】_can be seen in the picture, a man is announcing his measures_(save) the resources are effective, _a tap and pipe leaking.In order to save_(

2、nature) resources, even _(simple) activities can make_difference to the environment.【語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空】Asto savewithnaturalthe simplestaThe picture show that when we save the resources, its your duty to take actions and we shouldnt just show off.Its a good choice to walk and ride a bike to school.Moreover, w

3、hen leave the classroom, dont forget to turn off the lights.答案答案show改為改為shows；your改為改為our；actions改改為為actionand改為改為orleave改為改為leaving【語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)】As can be seen in the picture, a man is announcing his measures to save the resources are effective, with a tap and pipe leaking.The picture shows that when w

4、e save the resources, its our duty to take action and we shouldnt just show off.【范文背誦范文背誦】As the saying goes, “Actions speak louder than words.” In order to save natural resources, even the simplest activities can make a difference to the environment.For example, its a good choice to walk or ride a

5、bike to school.Moreover, when leaving the classroom, dont forget to turn off the lights.Last but not least, whenever we see rubbish on the ground, wed better not complain about it but pick it up immediately.In a word, its more meaningful for us to act immediately to save the resources.根據(jù)范文畫(huà)線部分仿寫下面情景

6、：根據(jù)范文畫(huà)線部分仿寫下面情景：正如俗話所說(shuō)，正如俗話所說(shuō)，“睡好覺(jué)，如服藥。睡好覺(jué)，如服藥?！盻， “Bed is a medicine.”當(dāng)你觀光旅游時(shí)，不要亂扔垃圾。當(dāng)你觀光旅游時(shí)，不要亂扔垃圾。_， dont throw away rubbish.答案答案As the saying goesWhen travelling freely【自主空間自主空間】A(2016新課標(biāo)乙卷新課標(biāo)乙卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I love.Though not very big, but the restaurant is

7、 popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his做真題做真題悟高考悟高考限時(shí)限時(shí)15分鐘分鐘success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never

8、 dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.B(2016新課標(biāo)甲卷新課標(biāo)甲卷)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfo

9、rtable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case, we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not c

10、ost many, yet we can still learn a lot.C(2016新課標(biāo)丙卷新課標(biāo)丙卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However, my parents didnt seem to think such.Th

11、ey always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understandme so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to

12、turn to whenever need help.一、錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置類型一、錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置類型1多詞：多余的詞，往往是結(jié)構(gòu)詞，如冠詞、介多詞：多余的詞，往往是結(jié)構(gòu)詞，如冠詞、介詞、代詞等。一種是根據(jù)涉及的名詞、動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)、搭詞、代詞等。一種是根據(jù)涉及的名詞、動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)、搭配和含義判斷是否多了冠詞、介詞或副詞。另一種是根配和含義判斷是否多了冠詞、介詞或副詞。另一種是根據(jù)全句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，判斷是否多了連詞或其他詞。據(jù)全句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，判斷是否多了連詞或其他詞。(如下表如下表)探考點(diǎn)探考點(diǎn)攻難點(diǎn)攻難點(diǎn)命題角度命題角度考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)解題思路解題思路名詞名詞冠詞冠詞抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞泛指時(shí)是否抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞泛指時(shí)

13、是否多了冠詞多了冠詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞介詞介詞及物動(dòng)詞后受母語(yǔ)影響是否多了及物動(dòng)詞后受母語(yǔ)影響是否多了介詞介詞不定式不定式小品詞小品詞to不定式前是否多了應(yīng)該省略的不定式前是否多了應(yīng)該省略的“to”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)介詞介詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中是否多用了介詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中是否多用了介詞形容詞、形容詞、副詞副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)比較結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中是否多形容詞、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中是否多了相似詞了相似詞固定搭配固定搭配慣用法慣用法固定搭配是否固定搭配是否“畫(huà)蛇添足畫(huà)蛇添足”2.缺詞：缺詞：漏掉的往往是冠詞、介詞、連詞等虛詞。漏掉的往往是冠詞、介詞、連詞等虛詞。這又與前后詞的搭配有關(guān)。見(jiàn)到名詞，應(yīng)考慮是否缺了這又與前后詞的搭配有

14、關(guān)。見(jiàn)到名詞，應(yīng)考慮是否缺了冠詞；見(jiàn)到動(dòng)詞，可注意后面是否少了應(yīng)與之搭配的介冠詞；見(jiàn)到動(dòng)詞，可注意后面是否少了應(yīng)與之搭配的介詞或其他詞。見(jiàn)到某些固定搭配，如詞或其他詞。見(jiàn)到某些固定搭配，如in front of, as soon as, 應(yīng)考慮是否完整。不是固定搭配的，也要注意英語(yǔ)應(yīng)考慮是否完整。不是固定搭配的，也要注意英語(yǔ)行文習(xí)慣或邏輯上的搭配。如英語(yǔ)不可說(shuō)行文習(xí)慣或邏輯上的搭配。如英語(yǔ)不可說(shuō)“She shook head.”，而應(yīng)說(shuō)，而應(yīng)說(shuō)“She shook her head.”。(如下表如下表)命題角度命題角度考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)解題思路解題思路名詞名詞冠詞冠詞名詞前是否缺冠詞名詞前是否缺冠詞不及

15、物動(dòng)不及物動(dòng)詞詞介詞介詞不及物動(dòng)詞后是否缺介詞不及物動(dòng)詞后是否缺介詞不定式不定式小品詞小品詞to不定式中是否缺少了不該省略的不定式中是否缺少了不該省略的“to”被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中是否缺少了助動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中是否缺少了助動(dòng)詞be母語(yǔ)遷移母語(yǔ)遷移詞類用詞類用法法將形容詞、副詞或介詞視作動(dòng)詞，致使將形容詞、副詞或介詞視作動(dòng)詞，致使句子缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句子缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞固定搭配固定搭配 慣用法慣用法 慣用法中是否漏了不可缺少的詞慣用法中是否漏了不可缺少的詞3.錯(cuò)詞：錯(cuò)詞：錯(cuò)詞的類型復(fù)雜，不勝枚舉。但常見(jiàn)的還錯(cuò)詞的類型復(fù)雜，不勝枚舉。但常見(jiàn)的還是搭配錯(cuò)誤與語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，特別是平時(shí)寫作時(shí)常出的

16、錯(cuò)誤是搭配錯(cuò)誤與語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，特別是平時(shí)寫作時(shí)常出的錯(cuò)誤最易為命題者所關(guān)注。對(duì)于平時(shí)常常疏忽、常常出錯(cuò)的最易為命題者所關(guān)注。對(duì)于平時(shí)常常疏忽、常常出錯(cuò)的地方要精心改正，做題時(shí)更要小心仔細(xì)。地方要精心改正，做題時(shí)更要小心仔細(xì)。(如下表如下表)命題角度命題角度考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)解題思路解題思路名詞名詞冠詞冠詞判斷名詞前的冠詞是否誤用判斷名詞前的冠詞是否誤用名詞名詞名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)句中名詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)句中名詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一態(tài)以及主謂一致致根據(jù)上下文判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是否有根據(jù)上下文判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是否有誤，主謂搭配是否正確誤，主謂搭配是否正確非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞

17、分詞、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式不定式根據(jù)上下文判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否誤用根據(jù)上下文判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否誤用代詞代詞人稱代詞的格、人稱代詞的格、指代及關(guān)系代指代及關(guān)系代詞與從句關(guān)系詞與從句關(guān)系人稱代詞的格是否誤用人稱代詞的格是否誤用代詞前后指代是否一致代詞前后指代是否一致定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞是否誤用定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞是否誤用形容詞、形容詞、副詞副詞詞法詞法判斷句中形容詞和副詞是否混淆使用判斷句中形容詞和副詞是否混淆使用介詞介詞慣用法慣用法慣用法中介詞是否誤用慣用法中介詞是否誤用連詞連詞句法句法判斷句中并列連詞、從屬連詞是否誤用判斷句中并列連詞、從屬連詞是否誤用二、考點(diǎn)聚焦二、考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)方面

18、的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)一時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間的誤用。做題時(shí)要把握全文時(shí)態(tài)基調(diào)，注意平行結(jié)之間的誤用。做題時(shí)要把握全文時(shí)態(tài)基調(diào)，注意平行結(jié)構(gòu)及主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。構(gòu)及主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。典例典例(1)(2016新課標(biāo)丙卷新課標(biāo)丙卷)At the first, I thought I knew.However, my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.解析解析tell改為改為told。

19、此處表示他們總是告訴我做。此處表示他們總是告訴我做什么及如何做。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，文章的主體時(shí)態(tài)什么及如何做。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，文章的主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故應(yīng)將為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故應(yīng)將tell改為改為told。(2)In the last years, significant advances have made in strawberry genetic transformation at home and abroad.解析解析在在have后加后加been。句意：在過(guò)去幾年里，。句意：在過(guò)去幾年里，國(guó)內(nèi)外草莓轉(zhuǎn)基因研究取得了重大進(jìn)展。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知國(guó)內(nèi)外草莓轉(zhuǎn)基因研究取得了重大進(jìn)展。根據(jù)語(yǔ)

20、境可知，主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)significant advances是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞make的承受者，所以的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。考點(diǎn)二主謂一致方面的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)二主謂一致方面的錯(cuò)誤主要考查動(dòng)詞是否需要用主要考查動(dòng)詞是否需要用“第三人稱單數(shù)形式第三人稱單數(shù)形式”。典例典例Hello, boys and girls！Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.解析解析go改為改為goes。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)，而且主語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)，

21、而且主語(yǔ)是a fire alarm，謂，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)。語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)。考點(diǎn)三名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)三名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤主要有名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)問(wèn)題、所主要有名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)問(wèn)題、所有格的位置問(wèn)題及受不受形容詞修飾語(yǔ)影響的問(wèn)題。有格的位置問(wèn)題及受不受形容詞修飾語(yǔ)影響的問(wèn)題。典例典例(1)(2016浙江浙江)When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.解析解析children改為改為child。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處。根據(jù)語(yǔ)

22、境可知，此處表示當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)非常小的孩子時(shí)。由主語(yǔ)表示當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)非常小的孩子時(shí)。由主語(yǔ) I及修飾語(yǔ)及修飾語(yǔ)冠詞冠詞a都能看出表語(yǔ)的中心詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)名詞都能看出表語(yǔ)的中心詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)名詞child。(2)(2015四川四川)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.解析解析friend改為改為friends。句意：正如我上次告。句意：正如我上次告訴你的那樣，我在這里交了三個(gè)新朋友。抓住關(guān)鍵詞訴你的那樣，我在這里交了三個(gè)新朋友。抓住關(guān)鍵詞three，確定被修飾詞需用復(fù)數(shù)，確定被修飾詞需用復(fù)數(shù)friends?？键c(diǎn)四冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)四冠

23、詞方面的錯(cuò)誤主要指主要指a(n)與與the 的誤用、的誤用、a與與an的誤用、單數(shù)可數(shù)的誤用、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前冠詞的缺失及誤加冠詞的問(wèn)題。名詞前冠詞的缺失及誤加冠詞的問(wèn)題。典例典例(1)(2016新課標(biāo)甲卷新課標(biāo)甲卷)But in that case, we will learn little about world.解析解析world前加前加the。句意：但如果那樣的話，。句意：但如果那樣的話，我們會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)世界了解甚少。我們會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)世界了解甚少。world表示表示“世界世界”時(shí)，時(shí)，其前應(yīng)用定冠詞。其前應(yīng)用定冠詞。(2)I can still remember I was once asked

24、 to make speech before the whole class at the age of 9.解析解析speech前加前加a。make a speech是固定短語(yǔ)是固定短語(yǔ)，意為，意為“做演講做演講”。考點(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞方面的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞方面的錯(cuò)誤主要考查動(dòng)名詞和不定式的誤用、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去主要考查動(dòng)名詞和不定式的誤用、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的誤用、動(dòng)詞不定式是否省略分詞的誤用、動(dòng)詞不定式是否省略to等問(wèn)題。等問(wèn)題。典例典例(1)Understand your own needs and styles of communication is as important as l

25、earning to convey your affection and emotions.解析解析Understand改為改為Understanding。句意：。句意：理解你自己的交流需求及交流風(fēng)格和學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)你的愛(ài)和理解你自己的交流需求及交流風(fēng)格和學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)你的愛(ài)和情感一樣重要。情感一樣重要。understand作主語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。作主語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。(2)Ordering over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析解析Ordering改為改為Ordered。此處表示這本書(shū)。此處表示這本書(shū)是一星期以

26、前訂購(gòu)的，預(yù)計(jì)馬上會(huì)到貨。是一星期以前訂購(gòu)的，預(yù)計(jì)馬上會(huì)到貨。order與其邏與其邏輯主語(yǔ)輯主語(yǔ)the books之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成，此處為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)、完成，此處為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)六連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)六連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤主 要 為主 要 為 “ a n d , s o , o r 與與 b u t ” “ w h i l e 與與when”“”“however與與therefore”等邏輯連詞之間的誤用等邏輯連詞之間的誤用。典例典例(1)Though not very big, but the restaurant is pop

27、ular in our area.解析解析去掉去掉but。though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不與并列連詞從句時(shí)，不與并列連詞but連用。連用。(2)He is a shy man, and he is not afraid of anything or anyone.解析解析and改為改為but。句意：他是一個(gè)害羞的人，。句意：他是一個(gè)害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。兩個(gè)分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。兩個(gè)分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。關(guān)系。考點(diǎn)七形容詞、副詞方面的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)七形容詞、副詞方面的錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)為：誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用形容詞主要表現(xiàn)為：誤用

28、形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用形容詞修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之間修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之間的誤用以及帶的誤用以及帶ly的副詞與不帶的副詞與不帶ly的副詞之間的誤用。的副詞之間的誤用。典例典例(1)(2016新課標(biāo)乙卷新課標(biāo)乙卷)Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.解析解析steady改為改為steadily。句中的。句中的grow表示表示“發(fā)發(fā)展展”，steady作狀語(yǔ)修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，表示作狀語(yǔ)修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，表示“穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展”，故用其副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。，故用其副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。(2)(2

29、015新課標(biāo)新課標(biāo))Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.解析解析seriously改為改為serious。作定語(yǔ)修飾。作定語(yǔ)修飾problem，用其形容詞形式。，用其形容詞形式?？键c(diǎn)八介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)八介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤主要為固定搭配及介詞的多余或缺失等方面的錯(cuò)誤主要為固定搭配及介詞的多余或缺失等方面的錯(cuò)誤。典例典例(1)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.解析解析on改為改為with。句意：不幸的是，隨著工業(yè)。句意：不幸的是，隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，環(huán)境也遭到了破壞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用化的發(fā)展，環(huán)境也遭到了破壞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用with表示表示“隨著隨著”。(2)(2016新課標(biāo)乙卷新課標(biāo)乙卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.解析解析dreams后面加后面加of。dream of是固定短語(yǔ)，是固定短語(yǔ)，表示表示“夢(mèng)想到夢(mèng)想到”?？键c(diǎn)九語(yǔ)言累贅考點(diǎn)九語(yǔ)言累