動物有語言嗎

1、從知乎上面看的：1、 動物的語言沒有語法，而人類的大腦有專門管理語法的區(qū)域2、 人類的語言可以隨意組合而有不同的意思，甚至創(chuàng)造出新的詞匯3、 動物的語言是及時信號，而沒有涉及過去及未來。4、 動物沒有合適的發(fā)生結(jié)構(gòu)（口腔和舌頭）介紹 ”animal language”1、維基百科上面的定義Animal language are forms of non-human animal communication that show similarities to human language. Animal communication may be consi

2、dered complex enough to be called a form of language if: the inventory of signs is large, the signs are relatively arbitrary, and the animals produce them with a degree of volition (as opposed to conditioned instincts). Animal communication can also be evidenced through the use of lexigrams

3、0;(as used bychimpanzees and bonobos) in addition to signs. While the term "animal language" is widely used, researchers agree that animal languages are not as complex or expressive as human language.Some researchers, including the linguist Charles Hockett, argue that there

4、are significant differences separating human language from animalcommunication even at its most complex, and that the underlying principles are not related.1 Accordingly, linguist Thomas A. Sebeok has proposed to not use the term "language" for animal sign systems.2

5、0;Facial expressions should not be considered a language. （wikipedia）2、 我找的一篇論文里面關(guān)于動物沒有語言的說法 主要講的是語言是進(jìn)化而來的，但動物還沒有進(jìn)化成語言Animals communicate with each other constantly: Birds sing, monkeys chatter, and apes pant-hoot. But what they say is usually pretty simple: They want to mate, send an alert about fo

6、od or predators, or express their dominance in the group. Only humans appear to have true language, the ability to use abstract symbolsusually wordsand combine them in a seemingly infinite variety of meanings about the past, present, and future.EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE. Michael BalterAnimal Communicati

7、on Helps Reveal Roots of LanguageScience 21 May 2010: Vol. 328 no. 5981 pp. 969-971 DOI: 10.1126/science.328.5981.9693、 然后我在百度文庫找到了一個文檔就是講這個的，可以參考思路和論據(jù)Does Animal Have Language?During the development of human, we gradually discover our difference between animals, not on

8、ly among appearances, but also from the system of living. The system I mention here means the living style and its living environment. Human and animals follow different principles. In this article, I want to talk something about animal language. Some people think that animals do not have their lang

9、uage, however, as far as I can see, I believe they have languages.l Definition of languageFirst, lets look at a form. For example, people may have different understanding about words.WordUnderstandingUncle n.舅舅，伯父Lovely adj.l It can describe a pretty girl.l It can also describe things which are plea

10、sing.Jump v.l To move quickly off the ground by pushing yourself with your legs and feetl To pass over sth. by jumping(1)From this we can know when people are in different situation or different viewing angle; they have different understanding towards things. I want to say that the reason why people

11、 have different opinions among animal language is that they have different understanding about language. What is language? From the Websters new world dictionary, there are several definitions about language. I want to mention the second definition 2a mean of expressing or communicating, as gestures

12、, signs, or animal sounds (2). In the Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary, the fourth is language is a way of expressing ideas and feelings using movements, symbols and sound.In fact, language is mentioned frequently among human being. And it seems that only human beings have the abi

13、lity to create language and use language. Actually, in my opinion, language exists in the world of animals because my definition about language is that it is a means of communicating and expressing ideas no matter what forms they are or no matter whether it has a system. Some people may think I am k

14、idding, actually, I am not. I will show my reasons later.l Definition for animalFor animal, Collins gave such a definition- any living organism characterized by voluntary movement, the possession of cells with non-cellulose cell walls and specialized sense organs enabling rapid response to stimuli,

15、and the ingestion of complex organic substances such as plants and other.(2) Its second concept is-any mammal, esp. any mammal except man (2). About this concept, I want to say that not all the animals are mammals so this definition is not complete. Here I want to give my understanding about animals

16、. Its living thing which has a complete independent physiological function except human beings. l Three kinds of language of animals Then comes to my point-does animal have language? There are three kinds of languages- -sound language, color language, and dance language.A .Sound language of monkeysS

17、ome people may wonder why I define sound as language. As we all know, human beings take a long time to evolve. In the earliest times, people do not have language; they express themselves by making sounds and gestures. There is no complete system of language. Thus we can see the development of animal

18、 may be in their early time, so they have to communicate with other companions by simple means. Then people will say their sound is just made by accident without the consciousness of making this sound as a constant symbol. And others just get attract from their sudden sound. In fact, this is a good

19、and complicated question which puzzled zoologist for o long time. According to the video the professor of psychology, Robert Seyfarth talked something about monkeys alarming call. There are three kinds of calls. When monkeys hear these alarming calls, they will run up in the tree, look up to the sky

20、 or look around, seemed as looking for a snake. And experiments according to this phenomenon show that such alarming call is not made by accident. Still, according to the book (3) behavior was not accident; but could be traced to common physiological mechanisms. Like jimmy Connors grunts on the tenn

21、is court, animal calls were good predictors of subsequent behavior because the same events that produced the behavior also produce the vocalization.So we can see that monkeys do use this sound to communicate with other monkeys. Then it proves my definition of language. Language is that it is a means

22、 of communicating and expressing ideas no matter what forms they are or no matter whether it has a system.B. Color language of chameleonsAs for color language, According to the latest animal experts found that the chameleon body color transformation is not only to disguise, another important role is

23、 to achieve the information transfer between the chameleons (4).when they want to protect their territory and refuse to mate with others, they will turn to different colors. They will become dark color with red spots. When they attack other chameleons, they will turn to deep dark. These colors tell

24、other chameleons not to bother them. Moreover, according to the zoologist, chameleon has a special Neurological regulation mechanism to change color. There contain three kinds of pigments. When chameleon wants to show different information, they can change color by neural regulation. To some extent,

25、 this kind of language is similar as peoples body language. In normal condition, when people are happy, they will simile; when they are sad, they may frown or keep a straight face. Those expressions are under the nerves control. So we can see color change of chameleon is a language.C. Dance language

26、 of beesWhen we talk about animal language, I guess that everyone will not miss the dance of bees. First, as human beings, our language is related to sound, action and writing. Animals cant write, so when we talk about their language, I pay more attention to their movement, sound. There are many arg

27、uments about the dance of bees that weather it can be described as language. I must so different people have different ideas about it. In the field of biosphere, biologists classify bees dance as two kinds. The first possibility is a round dance: the bee dances around in a circle, alternately clockw

28、ise and counterclockwise. The second possibility is a tail-wagging dance: the bee moves in a straight line for a ways, wagging her tail (about 13 times per second (5). From this we can know that bees do transmit information by dancing.l ConclusionFrom what I have said above, I want to show you a for

29、m again.A B CDance of bees and so on Alarming calls and so on Color changesHuman languageMovementSoundSignSystem LanguageFrom this, we can know that BA and CB, so C A. thus those phenomenons can be called as language. You may know my focus. In my opinion,language is the outcome of a long time development. In dif