英語的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)ppt課件

1、第三講 英語的時(shí)態(tài)1；.從定義入手時(shí)間與形態(tài)的結(jié)合與搭配關(guān)系時(shí)態(tài)的分類：過去現(xiàn)在未來時(shí)間線2；. 一 般完 成進(jìn) 行完 成 進(jìn) 行現(xiàn) 在現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)do/does現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have been doing過 去過去一般時(shí)did過去完成時(shí)had done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing將 來將來一般時(shí)will do將來完成時(shí)will have done將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing過去將來過去將來一般時(shí)would

2、do過去將來完成時(shí)would have done過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing英語時(shí)態(tài)總表3；.1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. 他每天7點(diǎn)上班。2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表說話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動：或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語氣。與頻率副詞，如always，const

3、antly，continually，again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. 我們正在上英語課。 3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他們在北京已經(jīng)住了5年了。4；.4一般過去時(shí) 表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習(xí)慣性動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that

4、 time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他過去抽煙比較厲害。5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在舉行29屆奧運(yùn)會。6. 過去完成時(shí) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時(shí)的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時(shí)間狀語，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up

5、till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他們提前完成了（工作）。5；.7. 一般將來時(shí) 表在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要離開北京。 8、將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 表將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計(jì)劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會我正在寫作業(yè)。 9、將來完成時(shí) 表在將來某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事

6、情，時(shí)間狀語非常明顯。常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by+將來的時(shí)間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下個(gè)月底，他步行將達(dá)到1000英里。6；.基本形式（以do為例）： 第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)：does（主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)）； 肯定句肯定句：主語動詞原形其他； He works fo

7、r us. 否定句否定句：主語dont/doesnt動詞原形其他； He doesnt work for us. 一般疑問句一般疑問句：Do/Does主語動詞原形其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（ 主語do/does） 否定回答：No，（主語dont/doesnt.） 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句語 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt What does he do for us? He works for us. 7；.be動詞行為動詞的過去式 否定句式：在行為動詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動詞，或waswerenot； was或w

8、ere放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動詞 例如： Did he work for us? He didnt work for us. He worked for us8；. amareisgoing todo 或 willshalldo am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方法 be going to +動詞原形 be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to 動詞原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+動詞原形 will + 動詞原形； 例如：He is going

9、to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表達(dá) 將來時(shí)態(tài) 的例子！9；.1. 肯定句 I am a student.2. 否定句 She is not a student3. 一般疑問句 Are they students?4. 特殊疑問句 Who is a student?When, where, what, whose, whom, why, how10；. be（was，were）going to+動詞原形 be（was，were）about to+動詞原形 be（was，were）to+動詞原形 肯定句：

10、主語+be（was，were）going to+動詞原形. 否定句：主語+be（was，were）not going to+動詞原形. 疑問句：Be（Was，Were）+主語+going to+動詞原形？ 肯定句：主語+would（should）+動詞原形. 否定句：主語+would（should）not+動詞原形. 疑問句：Would（Should）+主語+動詞原形？ He would work for us.11；. 主語+be+v.ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式(其中v表示動詞) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或最近在做的事。 例如：I am buying a book. 第一人稱+am+doing+sth

11、 第二人稱+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式） 第三人稱+is+doing+sth 例：He is working.12；. 肯定句：主語+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑問句及答語：Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 ；答語：Yes,I主語+was/were./No,I主語+wasnt/werent. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.13；. 主語+will + be +現(xiàn)在分詞 He

12、 will be working for us.=He will work for us.14；.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他 否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他 He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years. 15；.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+過去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語+h

13、ad+過去分詞+其他 否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他 一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主語+had 否定回答：No,主語+hadnt 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（had+主語+過去分詞+其他） 語法判定: by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

14、before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 16；. （shall）will+have+動詞過去分詞 before+將來時(shí)間或by+將來時(shí)間 before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句He will have worked for us. He will work for us.17；.基本與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相同，但是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只能表示仍然持續(xù)的概念 have/has been +-ing 分詞 He has been working for us for ten years

15、.=He has worked for us for ten years.18；.had been +-ing 分詞 He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years. 19；. 主語+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻譯為：他最近一直在為我們工作（過去在工作，現(xiàn)在在工作，將來還會工作）20；. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

16、I listen 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：I am listening 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：I was listening 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：I have listened 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：I have been listening 一般將來時(shí)：I shall listen”或“I will listen.” 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：I shall be listening 一般過去時(shí)：I listened 過去完成時(shí)：I had listened 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：I had been listening 將來完成時(shí)： I shall have listened 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： I shall have been listeni

17、ng 21；.1. 句中是否有助動詞?2. 動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間:過去?現(xiàn)在?未來?3. 句子的時(shí)態(tài):一般?(do, does, did)進(jìn)行?(am is are was were)完成(has have had)4. 句子的主語?人稱?5. 特殊疑問詞when where what why how加上一般疑問句who直接替換主語.22；.按要求改寫句子1.The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_對“is playing basketball”提問：_對“ The boy”提問：_2.They are singing in the

18、 classroom.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_對“are singing ”提問：_對“ in the classroom”提問：_23；.翻譯我正在讀英語。他正在寫字。你正在唱歌嗎？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。他(她)在聽音樂嗎？他在第三小學(xué)上學(xué)。他每天早上七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。 父親每天早晨都澆花。 我女兒喜歡看電視和聽音樂。 桑迪放學(xué)后打羽毛球嗎？ 不。她學(xué)習(xí)很用功。放學(xué)后她總是看書。24；.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One. 3.

19、 We (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. they (like) the World Cup? 6. What they often (do) on Saturdays? 7. your parents (read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There (be) some wate

20、r in the bottle. 11. Mike (like) cooking. 12. They (have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always (do) your homework well. 15. I (be) ill. Im staying in bed. 25；. 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只

21、有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗ο蟮募拔飫釉~才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用被、受、給等詞來表示被動意義。 如： He opened the door.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態(tài)） The door was opened.這扇門被打開了（被動語態(tài)）26；.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + be + 過去分詞時(shí)態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am (is, are) done.2.帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般過去時(shí)： was (were) done 4. 一般將來時(shí)： will (shall) be done 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am (is, are) b

22、eing done6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have (has) been done 27；.1主語 + 連系動詞 + 表語 (S+V+P)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用被動語態(tài)。(正) The flowers smell sweet.(誤) The flowers are smelt sweet.2主語 + 不及物動詞 (S+V)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可變被動語態(tài)。(正) An accident happened last night.(誤) An accident was happened last night.28；.3主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 (S + V+ O)（1）將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語Children

23、 often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）將含有介詞或副詞的動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不可將介詞或副詞去掉。We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.29；.4主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 (S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.將表人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）

24、.將指物的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.常用加to的動詞give, show, pass, read等常用加for的動詞 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.30；.5 主語+及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語 (S+ V+ O + C)如動詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語補(bǔ)足語為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，變被動語態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to” 。I saw him fall off the tr

25、ee.He was seen to fall off the tree.6. be + 過去分詞 并非都是被動語態(tài)，系動詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語用，表示某種狀態(tài)。 Im interested in mathematics. 我對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。7. 某些動詞用主動語態(tài)來表示被動含義。The womans clothes sell well. 女裝賣的快。This book sells best.這本書很暢銷. 31；.某些系動詞，如某些系動詞，如feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell,

26、prove, remainfeel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain等等用主動形式表示被動意義；主語通常是事物，且表示該事物本身具有某一固有特征。用主動形式表示被動意義；主語通常是事物，且表示該事物本身具有某一固有特征。如：如：The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來很柔軟。誤：The material is felt very soft. The music sounds beautiful. 這音樂聽起來很美妙。誤：The music is sounded beautiful.3

27、2；.1.They make machines in that factory. _Machines are made in that factory._2.Every body likes this song. This song is liked by everybody._3.He didnt show the stamps to me. The stamps were not shown to me by him._4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan._5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trou

28、ble._6.Do the workers build many buildings? _Are many buildings built by the workers?_7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? _8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? _9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_10.How many desks do they buy every term? How many desks are bought by them every term?_33；.11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.That kind of shoes were sold by them12.Granny told us a story last night. We were told a story by granny last night.13.He d