Adverb clause ppt (1)

1、Adverb clauseBy: Sama &CrystalInstructor: Greg McPeakeClass: 14411/1/2021Outline What is an Adverb Clause? What words are signs of an Adverb Clause? When does an Adverb Clause need commas? Examples of Adverb Clauses Reduced Adverb Clauses Examples for reduction Adverb Clause Exercises11/1/2021Wh

2、at is Adverb clause It tells you. How ? Why ? When ? Something happens in the sentence.Adverb clauseAn adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains subject and predicate ,and a verb . An adverb clause is subordinate(dep-ndent clause) that modifies a verb, an

3、adjective, or an adverb.11/1/2021What words (subordinating conjunctions)are signs of an adverb clause?1.Time: after, when, until, soon, before, once, while, as, as soon as, as/so long as, since, whenever, by the time2.Condition: if, only if, whether or not, provided, in case, unless, even if, in the

4、 event3.Cause and effect: because, as, since, so, in order that, now that4.Contrast: though, although, while, whereas, even though 11/1/2021Adverb clause of time relationship I will leave before he comes. After she graduates, she will get a job11/1/2021Adverb clause of condition If it rains, we will

5、 stay at home. If you heat ice, it melts.11/1/2021Adverb clause of cause and effect She passed the test because she worked hard Since I came here, I have met many friends.11/1/2021Adverb clause of Contrast Even though the weather was cold, I went swimming. While Mary is rich, John is poor.11/1/2021W

6、hen does an adverb clause need commas?Example: She will get a job after she graduates.After she graduates, she will get a job.Before the independent clause, an adverb clause takes a comma after it:11/1/2021When does an adverb clause need commas? In the middle of the independent clauseExample:My cous

7、in goes on a cruise every winter because she enjoys traveling.My cousin, because she enjoys traveling, goes on a cruise every winter.11/1/2021When does an adverb clause need Essential clauses dont take commas The package came after you left.Non-essential clauses need commas: The package came , after

8、 you left.Reduction of Adverbial Clauses An adverbial clause can be reduced to a phrase when the main clause and the adverbial clause have the same subject.How to Reduce ? There are two ways in which you can reduce an adverbial clause to a phrase The past continuous (or progressive) or The simple pa

9、st (past tense)Adverbial clause in the past continuous (or progressive)1- Omit the Subject of the clause and the BE form of the verb : While she was chopping the onions, she cut her finger. To reduce this adverbial clause simply drop the subject and the verb to be. While chopping the onions, she cut

10、 her finger.Adverbial clause in the simple past2- If there is no BE , omit the subject and change the verb to -ing form :Before we sat down for dinner, we always washed our hands. To reduce this adverbial clause simply drop the subject and turn the past tense into a gerund.Before sitting down for di

11、nner, we always washed our hands.NOTE Example: While the teacher was speaking, I fell asleep . cannot be reduced, because the subjects are different .Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Time Two actions happening at the same time Example: Janet was sitting in an armchair while reading a book. Janet was si

12、tting in an armchair, reading a book.Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Time One action happens during another action Example: David fell a sleep while he was watching TV David fell asleep watching TV.Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Time One action happens before another action : Example: After they (had)

13、found a hotel, they looked for a restaurant. Having found a hotel , they looked for a restaurant.Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Reason The sentences answering WHY questions Example: Since she felt sick, she went to bed early. Feeling sick, she went to bed early.Reducing Adverbial Clauses of Reason Ne

14、gative : Example: I didnt know his address, so I couldnt contact him. Not knowing his address, I couldnt contact him.Exercises Complete each adverb clause below with the correct word(s): 1. You should keep the milk in the refrigerator, _ it doesnt go bad. a. since b. so thatexercises2. _ he thinks h

15、es smart, he isnt. a. Although b. After3. You should say goodbye to your brother _ you leave for Europe. a. before b. sinceexercises4. _ my father has high blood pressure, he has to watch what he eats. a. Before b. Since5. _ I came to this country, I didnt speak a word of English! a. Before b. Since

16、exercises6. Ill let you know _ I come back. a. because b. after7. He doesnt understand _ he doesnt speak French very well. a. so that b. becauseexercises Combine the two sentences into ONE sentence, choosing the correct REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE: 1. They played basketball for two hours. Later, they went

17、 home. _ for two hours, they went home. a. After playing basketball b. While playing basketball c. Playing basketballexercises2. Because I didnt want to miss my flight, I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM. _, I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM. a. Not wanting to miss my flight b. While not wanting to miss my flight c. Before not wanting to miss my flightexercises3. You came here. Before that, you were sad. _, you were sad. a. After coming here b. Before coming here c. While coming hereexercises4. While I was waiting for the bus, I saw a cat. _, I saw a cat. a. Waiting for the bus b. Befo