第六講介詞與介詞短語

1、Lecture VI Preposition and Prepositional Phrase English today is basically an analytic language in which inflections have practically been replaced by structural words and a relatively fixed word order. Prepositions are just a class of that indicate various semantic relations between words or expres

2、sions. structural words 1. Collocations of prepositions with adjectives, verbs and nouns1.1 Prepositions after adjectivesAdjectives can collocate with prepositions to form adjective phrases. 1.1.1 Some adjectives can only be followed by specific prepositions, eg: rich in; intent on (一心想)This country

3、 is _ minerals. He is _ making money.1.1.2 Some adjectives can collocate with different prepositions to express different meanings, eg: Rose is alive to the feeling of shame. The cat is alive with lice.be blind to; be blind of 1. Collocations of prepositions with adjectives, verbs and nouns1.1 Prepo

4、sitions after adjectivesAdjectives can collocate with prepositions to form adjective phrases. 1.1.3 some adjectives can be followed by different prepositions without change in meaning, the choice of prepositions being determined by the complementation that follow, eg:Joes parents was very disappoint

5、ed with her if she fails the exam.Joe was very disappointed at not finding her at home. 1.2 Prepositions after verbs 1.2.1 Verb + preposition appeal to; apply for; prevail on (說服); touch upon (涉及); fall into (養(yǎng)成) The police _the crowd not to panic. I shall _ him to make the attempt. 1.2.2 Verb + obj

6、ect + preposition exclude from; take for (誤以為); take into (信任); rob of (?); releasefrom (?) take pity on; lay emphasis on; take advantage of He released her from her promise. They took me into their confidence. 1.2 Prepositions after verbs 1.2.3 Verb + adverb particle + preposition break in on (打斷);

7、 come up against (碰到); hold out on (對(duì) 保密); get off with (結(jié)識(shí)); put down to (把 歸因于) 1.2.4 Verb + object + adverb particle + preposition put something over on (捉弄); take ones resentment out on (拿泄恨) 1.3 collocations of prepositions with nouns1.3.1 noun + prepositionThere are nouns that are usually foll

8、owed by certain prepositions, eg: a solution to; faith in; a glance at; need for, etc. 1.3.2 Preposition + nounThere are also nouns that are usually preceded by certain prepositions, eg: at ones request; to ones delight; in all probability; on ones guard, etc.Refer to combinations that consists of t

9、wo or more than two words and which perform the function of simple prepositions. 2.1 Two-word prepositionsapropos of (關(guān)于) irrespective of (不顧) what with (由于) care of (由轉(zhuǎn)交)2.2 Three-word prepositionsat variance with (與不符) by way of (經(jīng)由，作為) in view of (鑒于) for lack of (因缺少)2.3 Four-word prepositionsat

10、 the expense of (以為代價(jià)) at the mercy of (受的擺布) on/at the brink of (瀕于) to the exclusion of (把排除在外)2. complex prepositions (multi-word prepositions)一個(gè)行人突然從那輛卡車后面跑出來.2. 大風(fēng)從樹頂上吹過,3. 太陽從山頂上升起.翻譯翻譯3. Transformational relations between prepositional phrases and subordinate clausesPrepositional phrases, whi

11、ch are chiefly used as adverbials in clauses and as modifiers in noun phrases, have transformational relations with some subordinate clauses that perform the same syntactic functions. 3.1 Prepositional phrases vs that-clauseAre you sure that Simon has disappeared?Are you sure of/about Simons disappe

12、arance? Exercises: inform; convince3.2 Prepositional phrase vs adverbial clauseDespite the citys many attractions, Johnny still preferred his cottage in the country.Although the city has many attractions, Johnny still preferred his cottage in the country. Exercises: but for; because of; without3.3 P

13、repositional phrase vs relative clauseThe man with a red beard is talking to Henrys father.The man who has a red beard is talking to Henrys father. Exercises: The proposal concerning child health was rejected. ?The proposal that we should take better care of child health was rejected. Appositive cla

14、use 一、英語介詞的動(dòng)態(tài)意義一、英語介詞的動(dòng)態(tài)意義 二、英語方位詞的隱喻意義及二、英語方位詞的隱喻意義及 其漢譯其漢譯 三、介詞三、介詞from的否定意義及其的否定意義及其 漢譯漢譯 四、論介詞的否定意義四、論介詞的否定意義 五、從英漢介詞的特性對(duì)比英五、從英漢介詞的特性對(duì)比英 漢介詞用法漢介詞用法思思 考考 題題介詞介詞from的否定意義及其漢譯的否定意義及其漢譯 英語中的部分介詞與某些詞語搭配使用時(shí)便被賦予一定的否定意義，其中以 from 最為常見。該詞本身具有 “脫離、離開”的意思，在和部分詞語結(jié)合使用時(shí)，便可引伸為“去除、免掉、阻止”等的意思，往往可以漢譯為“不、沒有”等否定詞。本文

15、就 from 否定意義的語域及其漢譯進(jìn)行初步的探討。一、from 的否定意義在“某些動(dòng)詞(sb. or sth) from ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的體現(xiàn)及其漢譯英語中“某些動(dòng)詞 from ”構(gòu)成的固定搭配可以表示否定意義，這類動(dòng)詞均表示有意識(shí)地采取措施預(yù)防、阻止某人做某事或拯救某事不再發(fā)生等意思，其中最常見的有protect, keep, prevent , save, refrain, separate, remove 等。漢譯為“不受，遠(yuǎn)離，不靠近，阻止，與分開，除去”等。例如：1. You must protect those material from rain.必須保護(hù)那些材料不受雨淋濕。2. K

16、eep （away） from the animal, it is very dangerous.不要靠近那只動(dòng)物，它非常危險(xiǎn)。3. No one can prevent us from doing the experiment.誰也不能阻止我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)。4. I will refrain myself from expressing my idea.我將不發(fā)表自己的意見。5. He tried in vain to remove ink stain from his clothes.他想除去衣服上的墨跡，但沒有成功。二、 from 的否定意義在“某些形容詞 from ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的體現(xiàn)及其漢譯英語

17、中“某些形容詞 from ”構(gòu)成的固定搭配也具有否定意義，其中最常見的有free, safe, different, absent 等。漢譯為“無，沒有，免于，不至于，不同”等。例如：1. She is now free from all cares.她無憂無慮。2. It is impossible to keep children safe from all the dangers.要想讓孩子免于一切危險(xiǎn)是不可能的。3. Ocean-going ships, equipped with the radar, are safe from collision with other ships.

18、遠(yuǎn)洋船裝了雷達(dá)后，就不至于和其它船只碰撞。二、 from 的否定意義在“某些形容詞 from ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的體現(xiàn)及其漢譯4. My father and my mother are different from each other in many respects.我的父母在許多方面都不同。5. Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday？你昨天為什么沒來參加會(huì)議？三、 from 的否定意義在“ far from ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的體現(xiàn)及其漢譯在所有 from 構(gòu)成的表示否定意義的結(jié)構(gòu)中， far from 是最常用的，使用場(chǎng)合最為廣泛，用法也最為復(fù)雜多

19、變。 far from 短語后可跟形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞、代詞和副詞，漢譯為“遠(yuǎn)非（未）、決不、極不、很不（不很）”等。例如：1. My English is far from perfect.我講英語很不熟練。（形容詞）2. The disease is far from being controlled.這種疾病遠(yuǎn)未得到控制。（動(dòng)名詞）3. His suffering is far from over. 他的痛苦遠(yuǎn)非結(jié)束。（副詞）三、 from 的否定意義在“ far from ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的體現(xiàn)及其漢譯4. Far be it from me to assert that what everybody says must be true.我決不想斷言每個(gè)人所說的話都是真的。（代詞）5. What he said is far from the truth.他所說的話完全不是事實(shí)。（名詞）6. What we have a