初中英語語法填空無提示詞解題技巧(學(xué)生版)

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)員編號：年級：初三課時數(shù)：3學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師：授課類型T (語法填空 )T( shelf-check）T （語法填空練習(xí)）授課日期及時段教學(xué)目的教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載考情分析一、1. 2015 年，浙江中考英語將取消單項填空題, 推出語法填空題, 把語法知識測試全部放在語篇中進(jìn)行, 旨在考查考生在語篇中綜合運用語言知識的能力。它不但要求考生有扎實的詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識和對句型結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活運用能力 , 而且還要求考生有良好的語感和一定的閱讀理解能力。2. 給出 150 200 字的一段短文。 一篇文章 10 個空。其中，一部分填空是給出單詞提示詞，填寫它的正確詞

2、形每空 1 分。其中，一般 6 個空是有的，相當(dāng)于用所給詞的正確形式填空；另外一部分填空是結(jié)合上下文直接填詞，一般是 4 個左右。3. 給詞提示填空題型 中所給詞常見類：名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等。名詞提示：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性變化動詞提示：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、詞性變化等形容詞、副詞提示：比較級、最高級、詞性變化等空白直接填空體型常見類：介詞、冠詞、連詞、代詞（連接代詞、連接副詞）等介詞：固定詞組或者固定搭配冠詞：泛指、特指連詞：判斷其連接的是并列句還是從句等代詞提示：人稱代詞的主格、賓格或物主代詞，代詞格的變化等好了，明白了它的前世今生，接下來我們又該如何解決呢?【例題 】 找一找，你覺得

3、這篇文章那些單詞是會考的。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載It was Mary sbirthday. She received a letter from her ( 二選一 )uncle who was a farmer. Dear Mary,”the letter said (say). “Happy birthday! I am sending you some chickens. They will arrive /are arriving （二選一）(arrive) tomorrow. I hope you like them. Best wishes, Uncle Toby”.The next

4、day the chickens in a box arrived. Mary took the box off the truck and began to carry / carrying （二選一） (carry) it into her garden.However, the box fell to the ground and broke. The chickens all ran out. Mary spent hours trying (try) to find (find) 二選一 them and take them back to her garden.A few days

5、 later her uncle came. “Did the chickens arrive safely / safe (safe)?” he asked Mary.“Yes, Uncle Toby,” Mary said. “ But I dropped the box and the chickens ran everywhere. I spent the whole morning looking for the eleven chickens.”“Thats very interesting (interest),” her uncle said with a smile, “be

6、cause I only sent you six”.二、解題策略1、快速瀏覽，了解大意。對于簡單把握的空，可以先填出來。2、上下求索，填出答案。根據(jù)上下文及空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系，填出正確的詞以及正確的形式。3、通讀全文，檢查確認(rèn)。特別要注意，根據(jù)文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前綴。無提示詞無提示詞的空格一般需要填入冠詞，代詞，介詞，連詞( 并列連詞和從屬連詞) 等虛詞。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(1) 名詞前面一般用冠詞，代詞或介詞等。冠詞冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種， 一種是定冠詞（ the Definite Article ），另

7、一種是不定冠詞 （the Indefinite Article ），還有一種是零冠詞（ Zero Article ）一、不定冠詞的用法： (a,an)1.表示“一個”，意為 one；指某人或某物A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2.代表一類人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr. Smith is an engineer.詞組a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word /

8、 in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try二、定冠詞的用法 (the)定冠詞 the 與指示代詞 this，that 同源，有“那（這）個” 的意思，但較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。1.特指雙方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine把.藥吃了。2.上文提到過的人或事：He bought a house.Ive been to the house他.買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。3.指世上獨一物二的事物：學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載the sun， the sky， the moon，the

9、earth4 用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only ，very， same等前面：Where do you live？ I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。He is the only man who won the prize他.是唯一一個獲得獎勵的人5 單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物：如：the dollar 美元；the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用， 表示一類人： the rich 富人；the living 生者。6 與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個群體：They are the teachers of this school（.指全體教師）Th

10、ey are teachers of this school.（指部分教師）7.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：the Greens 格林一家人（或格林夫婦）【考點分析】當(dāng)空格后面的名詞是上文提到過、是世界上獨一無二的事物、 是序數(shù)詞以及最高級【例題】1. There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2.This is _useful book I've read it for _ hour3. _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse4. _ doctor told him to take _ med

11、icine three times _ day5. Let's go out for _ walk 6. It's too hotOpen _ door， please7. There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimei's mother8. _ sun rises in _ east9._ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China10.Are you going to do it _ second time？11.Washington is _ capital of _ U

12、SA12. _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載（ 2）如果需要填入代詞，就要考慮到是人稱代詞的主格、賓格或物主代詞的變化。指示代詞的用法【語法】人稱 / 物主 / 指示代詞分類 : 英語中代詞主要分為人稱代詞和物主代詞.具體形式如下表所示 :第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人主 格Iweyouyouhesheitthey稱meusyouyouhimheritthem賓 格代詞物形 容 詞myouryouryourhisheritstheir主性代名詞性mineoursyoursyourshishe

13、rsitstheirs詞人稱代詞 :人稱代詞又分為主格和賓格形式.主格通常做主語。賓格通常做動詞或介詞的賓語 .Eg: a.Im a nurse.b. Could you help me ?c. Mum often takes us to the park on Sunday.d. It sa cat. We call it“Mimi.”形容詞性的物主代詞 : 相當(dāng)于形容詞 ,后面要跟名詞 ,指定名詞的所屬對象 .學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載名詞性的物主代詞 : 相當(dāng)于一個名詞 ,必須單獨使用，后面不能再跟名詞.a. Your book is small, mine is big.(=my book)b.

14、 This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)c. whose book is that ?It shers. (=her book)指示代詞 :this 這個 , that 那個these 這些those 那些反身代詞：1、第一、二人稱的反身代詞是由形容詞性物主代詞加上-self 或-selves 構(gòu)成的。如：I-myselfwe-ourselves you（單數(shù)） - yourselfyou（復(fù)數(shù)） - yourselves2、第三人稱的反身代詞是由人稱代詞的賓格加上-self 或-selves構(gòu)成的。如：she-hersel

15、fhe -himselfit-itselfthey-themselvesone-oneself【用法】與 by 搭配當(dāng)反身代詞與by 搭配時，意為：單獨地，沒有人幫助的。例如：（ 1 ）We must finish it all by ourselves.（我們必須全靠自己去完成。）（ 2 ） He can swim all by himself. （他能獨自一個人游泳。）簡單口語Help yourself!請隨便吃吧！ / 請自己去取吧 !Make yourself at home!別客氣！Don t upset yourself!別自尋煩惱【考點分析】學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載首先判斷分析句子是否缺

16、主語和賓語， 在無提示詞的語法填空中若出現(xiàn)這樣的情況， 一般填寫的是代詞?？荚嚂r分析句子成分才是首要做的。【例題】1. This is not my pencil-box. _（ I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _（ we ） country every year， which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gao s？ -Yes， it is _（she)book， isnt it？4. Help _ （ you） to some fruit，

17、 Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf？-Nobody. He learnt all by _ （he）.6. Their English teacher is from America，but _ （we） is from England.7. Mary s answer is different from _ （ I ）.11. -My watch keeps good time. What about（you）.12. He asked me to give_(he)_ some advice on how to enlarge his pre

18、sent business and he was entirely happy about my advice.(3) 并列的兩個或多個單詞，短語，或句子之間設(shè)空，一般填入并列連詞and, but, or等。并列連詞連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句子與句子作用。連詞主要分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞：1.平行或?qū)Φ汝P(guān)系的并列連詞and ”和 ”bothand；“和兩個都； as well as“也”not only but also“不但而且”; neithernor“既不也不”學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載例 My mother bought me a pre

19、sent,and I like it very much我.媽媽買了一件禮物給我，我很喜歡He can speak not only English but also French他.會說英語還會說法語。2.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞but“但是”例： Lucy likes red，butLily likes white 。露西喜歡紅的，然而莉莉喜歡白的。3.表選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞or“或者”； eitheror“要么要么”注：由 or 連接的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為有否定條件構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句。Eg： Study hard, or youll fail the exam.=If you don tstudy h

20、ard,youll fail the exam.努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會失敗的。Either you or he goes.“要么你去，要么他去” 。4.表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞so “所以，因此” ;Eg：Kate was ill so she didntgo to school.凱特病了所以沒去學(xué)校。二、不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中的連詞。1.because（因為 ),so（所以 )不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一.eg：Because he was tired, he couldntwalk here. =He was tired,so he couldnt walk there. 因為他很累

21、，所以走不到這里。2.although/though（雖然）， but （但是）不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一。 although/though 和 yet 可以同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里（ yet 用作副詞）但Eg:Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He was tired,but he still worked hard：. 雖然他很累，但是她仍然堅持工作學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載三、 and 和 or 用于否定句中的區(qū)別1)當(dāng)列舉成分是主語，又在否定詞之前時用 and 連接；而當(dāng)列舉成分在否定詞之后時，用“ or” 構(gòu)成完全否定 .Eg：I can

22、tsing or dance. 我不會唱歌，也不會跳舞。Lucy and lily cantspeak Chinese.露西和莉莉都不會說漢語。在 否 定 句 中 ， 如果 所 連接 的 兩 部 分 都 有否 定 詞 那 么 用 “ and ” 而 不 用 “ or ” Eg ：There is no water and no air on the moon月.球上沒有水也沒有空氣。2) 在否定句中， without +and；而在肯定句中， without+or,構(gòu)成完全否定。Eg： Man cantlive without air and water=Man will die withou

23、t air or water.五、由 either or ., neither nor ,not only but also連接兩個并列主語時， 謂語動詞與較近的主語保持一致。 （就近原則） (填寫謂語動詞時需要注意 )Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you不.止我父母，連我很也很想見到你【考點總結(jié)】首先確定詞與詞、句與句之間的關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)關(guān)系選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。注意否定詞與空格的位置以及特殊單詞without【例題】1.The English would say to their guests“ Enjo

24、y yourselves!”when eating“ Hope youve enjoyed!” after eating.2. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”higher.3. Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma _ a sum of money.4. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, _ he felt ver

25、y happy.5. Which do you prefer, folk music _ pop music?6.You may do it yourself,_ask someone to help you.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載7. It was hard work, _they really enjoyed it.8. It was our first lesson, _ the teacher didn't know all our names.9. He is short_ strong.10. There is no air_water on the moon.11. He we

26、nt there by train_ she went there by airplane.12. They made faces, _ we all laughed.13. The baby watched _listened.14.I don't like fish, _ I like chicken.15.My classmates all went to the park, _I didn't go(4) 兩句之間， 如果不是并列句， 則很可能是 主從句 ，因此需要填入從屬連詞(what,which,who, how, when等 ) ?；蛘呤琴e語從句，定語從句或者是狀

27、語從句的連接詞。這種空格需要同學(xué)們根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析到底是什么從句，從而選擇合適的從屬連詞從屬連詞【語法】從屬連詞分為兩大類，即引導(dǎo)狀語，定語從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語, 賓語 ,表語，同位語從句）的從屬連詞。引導(dǎo)名詞性從名的從屬連詞賓語從句賓語可由名詞，代詞或名詞短語或句子來充當(dāng)。當(dāng)一個句子充當(dāng)賓語時，這個句子稱為賓語從句1. 由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 that 只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am s

28、ure (that) he will succeed.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載We all know that the earth moves around the sun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（賓語從句）Im sorry that you can t come. 很遺憾你不能來。 （賓語從句）2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which連接副詞when, where, why, how 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?（賓語）He aske

29、d whose handwriting was the best.( 定語 )Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? （表語）I dontknow why the train is late.( 狀語 )3. 由 if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 if 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否” 。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.注意 ：句子中出現(xiàn)“or not ”時，只用whether4.形式

30、賓語it ：如賓語從句后有補語，要用形式賓語it 來代替，而將從句放到補語的后面去。e.g. He has made it clear that the meeting will not be hold.【考點總結(jié)】1.首先分析句子成分空格前面不含有賓語（雙賓語情況除外），則一定為賓語從句2.從句部分是完整的句子則用that ， whether ， if3.若從句句子成分不完整則根據(jù)句意判斷是連接代詞還是副詞（地點，時間，原因，方式）【例題】1.I don t know _Mr. Green willcome to see us. He ll help us with our English.

31、2.Be careful! Don t breakthe bottles. Doyou hear _ I said? David?3. I find _ important that we practice English every day.4. He asked me _told me the accident.5. I hardly understand. _ he has told me.6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?7. I don't know _ they have passed the exam.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載8.I

32、 hardly understand. _ he has told me.9.I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.10. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?定語從句定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man 和 everything 是定語從句所修飾

33、的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who( 賓格 who, 所有格 whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、 why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。(1) Mr.

34、Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which在句子中做主語)學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which在句子中做賓語)

35、4. that 指人時，相當(dāng)于who 或者 whom ；指物時，相當(dāng)于which 。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. ( 在句子中做主語)(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? ( 在句子中做賓語 )5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i once lived in a house wh

36、ose roof has fallen in.【考點分析】首先分析句子，如果空格前面的先行詞中做了主語，賓語，定語時，判斷為定語從句。最后根據(jù)修飾人還是物來選擇從屬代詞?！纠}】1.I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. I ll never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the

37、days _I spent with your family.5. I ll never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for

38、the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the

39、 street _I met John yesterday.狀語從句用來修飾主句中的動詞， 形容詞或副詞等而充當(dāng)狀語的從句叫做狀語從句。 狀語從句常用從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)，與主句連接起來。若置于句末，則前面不加逗號?！颈嫖觥慷ㄕZ用來修飾名詞或代詞。因為它修飾這兩種詞類，而名詞和代詞有可以作主語，還可以作表語和賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。例： The black bike is mihne.(black作主語 bike 的定語）狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，常由副詞、介詞短語、 不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞語或短語來

40、表示。 狀語一般放在句末， 但有的可以放在句首、 句中。例： He did it carefully. （副詞 carefully 作狀語）根據(jù)意義和作用，狀語從句可分為時間原因條件等幾種。 下面我們就來分析一下這幾種狀語從句。1.時間狀語從句一般來說，時間狀語從句常由連詞when, before, after, as soon as 或 until 引導(dǎo)。I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework.我一完成作業(yè)就去電影院。When I grow up, I will join the army.當(dāng)我畢業(yè)了，我就要去參軍。2.

41、 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句常由if （如果）、 unless（除非）或as long as（只要）來引導(dǎo)，同樣適用于“主將從現(xiàn)”。如：We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨了，我們就會呆在家。He won t come here unless he is invited.除非被邀請，否則他不會到這兒來的。As long as you give me money, I will go with you.只要你給我錢，我就跟你走。3. 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句常由because（因為），since（既然；由于）或as（由于）來引導(dǎo)。在使用時

42、，注意because和 so（所以）不能用在同一個句子中。如：學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Since you can t help me, I ll find someone else. 既然你幫不了我，那我就找其他人吧。He failed the exam because he didn t work hard.= He didn t work hard, so he failed the exam.因為他不努力，所以考試沒有及格。4. 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句由although 或 though（雖然；盡管）來引導(dǎo)。注意，在使用時，though 或 although 不能和 but 不能用在同一個句子

43、中，兩者只能用其一。如：We still worked in the field although / though it was raining hard.= It was raining hard, but we still worked in the field.盡管天下著大雨，但是我們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫睢?.結(jié)果狀語從句“如此 以致 ”的“ so. that. 和 “ such”. that. 均可引”導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中的 such是形容詞，修飾名詞；so 是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，具體的搭配形式是：(1) “ so+adj./adv.+that ， ”“ so+adj.(+a/an)+

44、n.+that； ”(2) “ such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that?！盚e speaks so fast that no one can catch him.他說話太快，無人聽得明白。There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused.人口增長如此迅速，以致造成了糧食短缺。Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.我們 國家 的煤炭非常豐富，可以大量出口?！菊骖}鏈接】（ ）1. You ll

45、 do much better _a_ you re more careful with your spelling.A. ifB. beforeC. althoughD. unless（ 2006 陜西）（ ）2. _a_ you told me, I heard nothing of what happened.A. UntilB. AfterC. IfD. Since（2006 濰坊）（）3. I don t understand the text_d_ there are few new words in it.A. soB. becauseC. ifD. though（ 2006 青

46、島）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載（）4. I sit in the front of the classroom _ I can hear clearly.A. so thatB. whenC. in order（ 2006青海）（）（）5. -Did David go to school yesterday?-No, _he had a bad cold.A. becauseB. ifC. though（ 2006 佛山）6. Most people were sleeping when the big earthquake took place in that area.【考點總結(jié)】如何判斷狀語從句狀

47、語從句就是起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。去掉從屬連詞，可以明顯的發(fā)現(xiàn)主從句仍舊是完整的句子。三、【同步測試 】學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Summer was coming and it was getting hotter. Mrs. King got _1_ early one morning and went to the market after she _2_ (have) breakfast. She knew that everything was cheap there before eight o'clock. She wanted to buy