簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

1、- Sophia英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型：1.1.+ ( (主謂主謂) )2.2.+ ( (主系表主系表) )3.3.+ (主謂賓主謂賓)4.+IO +D( (主謂間賓主謂間賓 直賓）直賓）5.5.+ + +O( (主謂賓主謂賓 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)) ) 基本句型 一 + +（主謂）（主謂） 此句型的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。 （不及物動(dòng)詞）（不及物動(dòng)詞）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We

2、 all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone. 常用的不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.) run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, fly, come, go等。 （ wash, sell, record, wear, read, write等與well, easily等副詞連用，也構(gòu)成主謂。） 基本句型 三 + +

3、+ +（主謂賓）（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. I 7. He the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. to have a cup of tea. Good morning. knows laughs at understands made ate want said 基本句型 四+ +IO +D+

4、IO +D( (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓 此句型的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是指人，另一個(gè)是指物, 通常指人的賓語(yǔ)用一個(gè)介詞（to或for）來連接，當(dāng)指人的賓語(yǔ)在指物的賓語(yǔ)之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himhusband heryou her him him mea new dress. a delicious

5、meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. My friend lent me this book last week. tell/news/the day before yesterday 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ +間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+ +直接賓直接賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ) S + V +(sb)+(sth)S + V +(sb)+(sth) 常用的帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask,

6、bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。tofortake, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award, write, grant, permit, promise, paydo, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint,

7、play(演奏演奏)，save, sing, 基本句型 五 + + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子特點(diǎn)是： 動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）O（賓語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)） O（賓補(bǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back. get

8、ting on the bus. keep painted call found makes saw asked saw主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ +賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) S + V + (O) + (OC) I found him lying in bed.notice/thief/steal/houseI asked him to do his homework. she/advise/him/listen/every day she/allow/me/use/dictionary主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ +賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) S + V + (

9、O) + (OC) 常用的帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc. 基本句型基本句型 二二 + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。Our school became larger and larger. city/become/beautiful feel/happy主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + + 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + + 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主要分

10、三類：be, look, feel, smell, taste, soundseem, appear get, grow, become, turn, go, come, prove (turn out)變得stay, keep, remain保持 be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 從位置上來講，從位置上來講，它總是在系動(dòng)詞后面（系動(dòng)詞和它總是在系動(dòng)詞后面（系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)關(guān)系甚為緊密，沒有系動(dòng)詞，就沒有表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)關(guān)系甚為緊密，沒有系動(dòng)詞，就沒有表語(yǔ)：沒有表語(yǔ)，就沒有系動(dòng)詞。沒有表語(yǔ)，就沒有系動(dòng)詞。 從意義上講，從意義上講，表語(yǔ)通常是來說明主語(yǔ)

11、的性質(zhì)、特表語(yǔ)通常是來說明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征的。表語(yǔ)通常是由形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、征的。表語(yǔ)通常是由形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、doing 等來充當(dāng)。等來充當(dāng)。 系動(dòng)詞是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的核心，系動(dòng)詞是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的核心，它是這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)它是這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)志，看到了系動(dòng)詞，也就能立刻判斷出句子的結(jié)志，看到了系動(dòng)詞，也就能立刻判斷出句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是主系表，因此，記住系動(dòng)詞非常重要。構(gòu)是主系表，因此，記住系動(dòng)詞非常重要。練習(xí)1今天我感覺不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。3 你的湯味道很好。4 她似乎對(duì)計(jì)劃不感興趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks

12、 very tired. Your soup tastes very good. She doesnt seem very interested in the plan. 5 天越來越冷了。6 孩子不久就睡著了。7 他長(zhǎng)得相當(dāng)高了。8 聽到這消息她臉色變得蒼白。 Its getting cold. Soon the child fell asleep.She went pale at the news. He has grown quite tall. 1. They work hard. 2. The desk feels hard. 3. Plants need water. 4. He

13、gave me some seeds. 5. We should keep the plants in the shade.1.They work hard. 主 + 謂2.The desk feels hard. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓4.He gave me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 介賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)英語(yǔ)五種基本句型：1.1.+ ( (主謂主謂) )2.2.+ ( (主系表主系表) )3.3.+ (主謂賓主謂賓)

14、4.+IO +D( (主謂間賓主謂間賓 直賓）直賓）5.5.+ + +O( (主謂賓主謂賓 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)) )典型句子分析 除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。We found the hall full.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。We found the great hall full of student

15、s and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。 不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)

16、，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。Hes getting angry. (S V P)Youll get a surprise. (S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O OC) He got himself into trouble. (S V O OC)He got her a splendid present. (S V IO DO)比 較I found the book easily.（S V O AD)I found the book easy. (S V O OC)He often looks very careful.He often looks carefully at