英語論文寫作論文

1、薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈

2、螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃

3、蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕

4、袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄

5、蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈

6、薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃

7、螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇

8、蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁

9、袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈

10、蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞

11、薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇

12、蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁

13、薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋莈螇羅莀薄蚃羄膀莇蠆羃節(jié)螞薅羂莄蒅

14、襖羈肄蟻螀羀膆蒃蚆肀羋蠆薂聿莁蒂袀肈肀芄螆肇芃蒀螂肆蒞莃蚈肅肅薈薄肄膇莁袃肄艿薇蝿膃莂荿蚅膂肁薅薁膁膄莈罿膀莆薃裊腿蒈蒆螁膈膈蟻蚇螅芀蒄薃螄莂蝕袂螃肂蒃螈袂膄蚈蚄袁芇蒁薀袁葿芄罿袀腿蕿裊衿芁莂螁袈莃薇蚇袇肅莀薃袆膅薆袁羅羋 a survey of chinese efl learners perception of english euphemism byzhu liyanunder the supervision ofzhou weijingsubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree of bachel

15、or of artsenglish departmentschool of foreign language jiangsu universityjune2007i hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person or material which has to a substantial ext

16、ent been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. signature: _ name: _ _ date: _ 茲呈交的學(xué)位論文，是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立完成的研究成果，在論文寫作過程中參考的其他個(gè)人或集體的研究成果均在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明，本人依法享有和承擔(dān)由此論文而產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利和責(zé)任。 聲明人

17、（簽名）：年 月 日acknowledgementi wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to all those who have offered me help in the course of writing this thesis.my thanks are particularly extended to professor zhou weijing-my supervisor, who has struck me with his expertise on which my di

18、ssertation is based and constructed. i'm grateful to her for her kind ideas, invaluable suggestions and inspiring comments, without which, the completion of the present dissertation would have been impossible. likewise, i express my heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers of the school of foreig

19、n language of jiangsu university, whose lectures and courses serve as an unfailing source of knowledge and inspiration in my future study.finally, i would like to take this opportunity to show my gratitude to my friends who have faithfully supported me in every way.abstracta survey of chinese efl le

20、arners perception of english euphemism euphemism, which is frequently used in both english and chinese, is a linguistic phenomenon as well as a cultural one. in a sense, without proper application of euphemism, communication would be impossible. euphemism has become one of the major subjects of cros

21、s-cultural studies as people come to realize the significance of euphemism. therefore, english teachers should pay attention to euphemism teaching so as to improve students' cross-cultural awareness and communicative competence.in china, as far as euphemism teaching is concerned, there are no mo

22、nographs or treatises. to see how well the students have grasped english euphemism, a survey was conducted among 28 college students who enrolled in jiangsu university. the data was collected by the researcher and analyzed by spss 10.0 for windows. the results reveal that (1) the sexual difference i

23、n the perception of english euphemism is not significant.(2) the efl learners can grasp the english euphemism well. (3)the english proficiency has some relationship with the perception of english euphemism the results indicate that the majority of the subjects have proper awareness and communication

24、 competence in various degrees. they do especially well in category 1 but not very well in category 2. i hope that the results of my research will be helpful to college english teachers in motivating their students.but it should be admitted that there are some constraints and limitations in this dis

25、sertation. but i will improve and continue my research in the future with the help of other theories.keywords: euphemism; perception；sexual difference; english proficiency; english teaching摘 要中國(guó)英語學(xué)習(xí)者委婉語使用情況調(diào)查諸立言 委婉語是一種語言現(xiàn)象，也是一種文化現(xiàn)象。不能正確理解和使用委婉語將會(huì)給交際帶來極大的障礙。隨著委婉語的重要性越來越為人們所關(guān)注和認(rèn)識(shí)，委婉語已成為跨文化研究的重要對(duì)象之一。委婉

26、語教學(xué)的目的就是通過提高學(xué)生理解和使用委婉語的能力以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的跨文化意識(shí)和交際能力。 作者發(fā)現(xiàn)在中國(guó)對(duì)于委婉語教學(xué)的研究幾乎還是一片空白，關(guān)于委婉語教學(xué)的專著極少，一些關(guān)于委婉語教學(xué)的論文也只是探討了委婉語的重要性并沒有提出以何種模式或方法來進(jìn)行教學(xué)。因此，委婉語教學(xué)的方法和模式是一個(gè)有待研究和發(fā)掘的新課題。 為了了解學(xué)生對(duì)委婉語的掌握和使用情況，我設(shè)計(jì)了一份調(diào)查問卷， 調(diào)查對(duì)象為江蘇大學(xué)非英語專業(yè)的28名在校學(xué)生。 通過spss（ 社會(huì)科學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件）的數(shù)據(jù)分析，我發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)生的英語水平和委婉語掌握情況存在著一定的關(guān)系。但是男女生的差異并不是很明顯。研究表明， 大部分學(xué)生已具有相當(dāng)良好的跨文化意

27、識(shí)和交際能力。本文的目的是希望所做的研究結(jié)果能對(duì)大學(xué)英語教師在激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣和提高跨文化交際能力方面有所幫助。 關(guān)鍵詞:委婉語; 感知; 性別差異；英語水平；英語教學(xué)contentsacknowledgementsivabstract中文摘要contentsviiilists of tables and figuresixchapter one introduction1chapter two literature review32.1definition of euphemism32.2 theoretical framework42.2previous studies52.2.1 uni

28、versality52.2.2 culture specificity52.2.3 resymbolism52.2.4 obscurity62.2.5 beautification6chapter three methodology83.1research questions83.2subjects83.3instruments83.4treatments93.5procedure93.6data collection & data analysis10chapter four results & discussions114.1 the sexual difference i

29、n the perception of english euphemism124.2 the extend that efl learners grasp english euphemism204.3 the relationship between english proficiency and the perception of english euphemism20chapter five implications24chapter six conclusions266.1 the conclusion of the study266.2 the limitation of the st

30、udy26reference28appendix29lists of tables and figurestable 4.1sexual difference of total average mean.12table 4.2 independent sample test of sexual difference.13table4.3 sexual difference of average mean in category 1.14table 4.4 independent sample test of sexual difference in category 1 .15table 4.

31、5 sexual difference of average mean in category 2.16table 4.6 independent sample test of sexual difference in category 2.17table 4.7 sexual difference of average mean in category 3.18table 4.8 independent sample test of sexual difference in category 2.19table 4.9 the average mean of total items.20ta

32、ble 4.10 the relationship between english proficiency and the perception of euphemism in category 1.21table 4.11 the relationship between english proficiency and the perception of euphemism in category 2.21table 4.12 the relationship between english proficiency and the perception of euphemism in cat

33、egory 3.22table 4.13 the relationship between english proficiency and the perception of euphemism total.2230chapter one introductioneuphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon, and it is widely applied in daily life and social life. the word "euphemism" comes from greek, "eu" mea

34、ns "good" or "well", the root "pheme" means "saying" or "speech", and "ism" is a noun suffix. euphemism is, therefore, as enright (1985:27) says in his fair of speech-the uses of euphemism, fair speech. but such a simple definition of euphe

35、mism is not satisfactory. oxford advanced learner's dictionary of current english (new edition) gives a more detailed explanation: "use of other, usu. less exact but milder or less blunt, words or phrases in place of words required by truth or accuracy: pass away' is a euphemism for die

36、' queer' is a modern euphemism for homosexual"'. in brief, as a rhetorical device, euphemism is the substitution of a mild or indirect word or phrase for a blunter or harsher one. euphemism has softening and beautifying function, thus can reduce sensitivity and irritation of languag

37、e expression. so, euphemism is also called "sweet talk", "gilded words", "cosmetic words" or "comfortable words". different views have been commented on the value of euphemism. stefan kanfer thinks it "hypocritic", "demoralizing", while hil

38、aire bclloc thinks it's "psychological necessary". lois de bakey synthesizes its advantage and disadvantage: "euphemism may make an idea more palatable, but they also inflate language, reduce precision, and often tamper with the truth." fred sherwood says, "it is not so

39、important to question the advisability of euphemism itself as to explore the psyche of its employer.", which transfers euphemism from rhetoric to cultural psychology. and such psychological factor plays an important role in the origin of euphemism.based on the previous research findings of the

40、east and the west, the present study attempts to explore chinese efl learners perception of english euphemism.it consists of 6 chapters. chapter one is a brief introduction of euphemism. it will explain the meaning and give the description of the euphemism. chapter two is a literature review on euph

41、emism. from this aspect the related researches will be mentioned. my study can develop in the direction of study from the past. chapter three & four focus on the research methodology. i conducted an experiment by means of questionnaire. here is the indispensable part of the paper. part five is i

42、mplication. it considers possible implication of the study for cross-culture communication and english teaching and learning. part six , conclusions are drawn. although this study took a rigorous approach to investigate construct validity of testing table, there are several limitations that should b

43、e mentioned here.chapter two literature reviewthis chapter focuses on the definition of euphemism, theoretical framework and previous studies.2.1 definition of euphemismeuphemism is a part of english expression. it means: the use of a pleasanter, less direct name for something thought to be unpleasa

44、nt. the word euphemism is derived from a greek word meaning “ to speak favorably” or “ good speech” euphemism is mild, pleasant, or inoffensive expressions, substituted for harsh, blunt, coarse, or unpleasant ones. they are often used out of politeness or consideration for other peoples feelings, fo

45、r instance, we would probably say to our friends, “im sorry to hear you often quarrel with your brother,” because we feel that the first statement is more agreeable than the second one. when referring to maxs death, english wrote: “ he had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came b

46、ack found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep, but forever” we feel that here “gone to sleep, but forever” is certainly more expressive and appropriate then the blunt and harsh “ dead”. there are many examples: to pass away; to be no more ; to depart to be gone; to join the majority; to go

47、 west; to go to glory; go to the other word; join ones ancestors; go to his long home, etc. and it being low water, he went out with the tide. these expressions all have the meaning of “dead”. then again, when we refer to a friend who is suffering from a disease of the brain or disorder of the mind

48、, we would rather use the expression “mentally ill” than use “mad” or “crazy”, because “mentally ill” is a vague word, less direct than harsh, than “mad” or “ crazy” euphemisms are also used in referring to occupations either to conceal unpleasantness, or to improve social statues. for instance, “fo

49、reman” are called “ plant super intenders”; “undertakers” are called “ funeral directors”; “hired girls”-“domestic” or “helps” ; “salesman” -“ customers representatives”.2.2 theoretical framework the word "euphemism" comes from the greek eu, "good", and pheme, "speech"

50、or "saying", and thus means literally "to speak with good words or in a pleasant manner" (neaman and silver, 1983: 1). some definitions of euphemism are quoted below:1) the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt. (web

51、ster's dictionary of american english, random house, inc. 1997)2) the use of a pleasanter, less direct name for something thought to be unpleasant. (longman english-chinese dictionary of contemporary english, longman group uk limited, 1998)3) rhetorical trope: a pleasant replacement for an objec

52、tionable word that has pejorative connotations. (routledge dictionary of language and linguistics fltrp, 2000)4) a euphemism is used as an alternative to a dispreferred expression, in order to avoid possible loss of face: either one's own face ,or through giving offence, that of the audience, or

53、 of some third party. (allan and burridge, 1991:18)the famous american linguists d. bolinger extends the definition of euphemism in the third edition of aspects of language. he points out, "there are grammatical ways of toning something down without actually changing the content of message"

54、; (1981:148).h. w. fowler (1965:171) makes a definition on euphemism in his a dictionary of modern english usage: a moderate or fuzzy expression to change speech manner, for replacing the direct, definite expression of unpleasant truth. these words point up one of euphemism's semantic features-f

55、uzzy.2.2 previous studiescharacteristics of euphemism euphemism, as a language phenomenon, has some special characteristics. to succeed in learning a language or associating in the language with the native speakers, learners of the language should pay much attention to the following feature of euphe

56、mism.2.2.1 universalityin almost all cultures there are certain notions or things strongly forbidden by social customs. that is , there are taboos in almost cultures. generally people try to avoid mentioning the taboos directly. when the taboos (the forbidden notions and things) have to be referred

57、to , it is likely that people tend to substitute expression that sound better. so we have euphemism and euphemism exists in almost every language.2.2.2 culture specificitythe universal existence of euphemism in languages doesnt mean that euphemism is identical in different languages. euphemism has c

58、lose relevance to culture. notions and norms upheld by people in different cultures are not necessarily the same. as a result ,the taboos in different cultures are not necessarily the same. what is necessary to be euphemized in one culture may not be necessary to be euphemized in another. for example , the questio