北京市中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二篇語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法專題五介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)課件

1、part two第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法專題（五）介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)常用介詞的基本用法(表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、位置、方式等)。如:in, on, at, of, to, from, by, with, for, about, after, before。(2)其他介詞的一般用法。1.in/on/at(1)in用在世紀(jì)、年份、季節(jié)、月份,不特定的上午、下午或晚上等詞前面。it often rains july. 七月份經(jīng)常下雨。(2)on表示在具體的某一天或某天的上午、下午或晚上。she was born the morning of may 10th. 她出生于五月十日的早晨。(3)at

2、表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某個(gè)瞬間。i usually get up 6:00 in the morning. 我通常早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床。考點(diǎn)一時(shí)間介詞inonat【巧記】 時(shí)間介詞巧記口訣:in在世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)前,on在星期、日子前,at用在鐘點(diǎn)前,上午、下午用in,中午、夜晚用at,遇到修飾全用on。2.after/in(1)“after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示“在時(shí)刻之后”,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。after 5:00, i watched tv.五點(diǎn)之后,我看電視了。(2)“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。my mother is coming back from englan

3、d about a month. 我母親大約一個(gè)月以后從英格蘭回來(lái)。in3.by/until(1)by表示到某一時(shí)刻為止動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,常用于完成時(shí)。can you repair my bike saturday? 星期六之前你能修好我的自行車嗎?(2)until表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻。we must work here ten oclock. 我們必須一直在這里工作到十點(diǎn)鐘。byuntil4.since/for(1)“since+(具體時(shí)間/that從句/一段時(shí)間+ago)”表示“自從起一直到現(xiàn)在”。uncle li has worked in this company 2000. 李叔叔自從

4、2000年起就在這家公司工作了。(2)“for+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“有之久”。uncle li has worked in this company over 10 years. 李叔叔已經(jīng)在這家公司工作十多年了。 sincefor考點(diǎn)二地點(diǎn)或方位介詞1.at/in/on(1)at 用于小地點(diǎn)前。(2)in用于大地點(diǎn)前。(3)on表示“在上面(有接觸面)”;表示兩地接壤。2.between/among(1)between表示“在兩者之間”。dont sit the two girls. 不要坐在這兩個(gè)女孩中間。(2)among表示“在三者或三者以上人或物之間”。the village lies

5、 hills. 這個(gè)村莊坐落于群山之間。betweenamong3.across/through(1)across強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過(guò)。go the bridge, and you will find the park. 穿過(guò)這座橋,你就會(huì)找到這個(gè)公園。(2)through強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過(guò)。the river runs the city. 這條河流經(jīng)這座城市。acrossthrough4.over/above(1)over強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一物體的正上方,其反義詞為under。there is a bridge the river. 河上有座橋。(2)above強(qiáng)調(diào)在上方,但不一定是正上方,其反義詞為b

6、elow。其還表示“在程度、等級(jí)上超過(guò)”。he lifted his hands above his head.他將雙手舉過(guò)頭頂。the average temperature here in summer is well 30. 這里夏天的平均溫度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)30。overabove5.in front of/in the front of(1)in front of表示“在某一空間外部的前面”。there is a big tree the house. 房子前面有一棵大樹(shù)。(2)in the front of表示“在某一空間內(nèi)部的前面”。there is a big desk our cla

7、ssroom. 我們的教室的前面有一張大課桌。in front ofin the front of考點(diǎn)三其他常見(jiàn)介詞we won our match that team. 我們?cè)诒荣愔汹A了那個(gè)隊(duì)。the desk is the wall. 書桌靠墻放著。i go to school bus. 我乘坐公共汽車去上學(xué)。do you go that supermarket? 你路過(guò)那家超市嗎?the students are examined one one. 學(xué)生們一個(gè)接一個(gè)地接受檢查。my mother bought a present me. 我媽媽給我買了一份禮物。we set off ne

8、w york. 我們動(dòng)身去紐約。she stayed there a week. 她在那兒待了一周。many teenagers live their parents. 許多青少年和他們的父母生活在一起。i sat on the chair holes in it. 我坐在有孔的椅子上。againstagainstbybybyforforforwithwith考點(diǎn)四常見(jiàn)的含有介詞的短語(yǔ)在家at home在學(xué)校 at school在工作 立刻 at once在晚上 at night 在一年中不好的時(shí)節(jié)at a bad time of the year 在的盡頭 at the end of在的開(kāi)始

9、 at the beginning of 到達(dá) arrive in/at同意某人 agree with sb at work以開(kāi)始 擅長(zhǎng) be good at 對(duì)有害處 be bad for 充滿 be full of 確信 be sure of/about習(xí)慣于 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格 be strict with sb 對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格 be strict in sth 忙于做某事 be busy with sth 遲到 be late for begin/start withbe used to生某人的氣 be angry with sb對(duì)某人感到滿意 be pleased with sb對(duì)感興趣

10、 be interested in 與不同 以為驕傲 be proud of 對(duì)感到厭煩 be tired of 趕上 catch up with 依靠 depend on 在方面做得好 do well in用充滿/裝滿 fillwith與相處 be different fromget on/along with聽(tīng)說(shuō) 收到的來(lái)信 在某方面幫助某人 help sb with sth在的前面(外部) in front of 在的前面(內(nèi)部) in the front of 在戶外;在野外 in the open air 最后,終于 in the end 及時(shí) 匆忙,急忙 in a hurry 在陽(yáng)

11、光下 事實(shí)上 in fact 處于困境中 in trouble hear ofhear fromin timein the sun看 look at 尋找 look for照顧,照看 look after/take care of嘲笑 動(dòng)身去某處 與交朋友 make friends with 在某人回家的路上 on ones way home展出 究竟,到底 on earth 在頂部 on the top of 另一方面 on the other hand 值日;值班 on duty 步行 laugh atleave foron show/display on foot中考真題演練1.paul

12、s mother is a nurse.she works a hospital. a.with b.on c.of d.in2. more and more young people go skating winter. a.at b.in c.on d.todb 中考真題演練3. 2018北京 happy birthday, peter! heres a gift you. a.for b.in c.with d.from 4. 2018黔南 my parents often go to the movies saturday evenings. a.on b.in c.for d.at答

13、案 3.a 解析考查介詞辨析。句意:peter,生日快樂(lè)!這是送你的一份禮物。表示“為;給”用介詞for。故選a。4.a解析考查介詞辨析。saturday evenings指的是周六的晚上,表示在具體某一天的上午、下午或晚上,時(shí)間介詞應(yīng)該用on。故選a。中考真題演練5. 2018十堰 your sweater looks nice.is it made of wool?yes, and its made shanghai. a.by b.in c.for d.from6. 2018湘西改編 when is your birthday, mike? my birthday is june 3rd

14、. a.at b.in c.on d.by答案 5.b解析考查介詞辨析。表示“在某地制造”用be made in。故選b。6.c解析考查介詞辨析。具體到某月的某一天,用介詞on。故選c。中考真題演練7. 2018上海 karen and lily will go to russia to watch the 2018 world cup july. a.on b.in c.at d.of8. 2018資陽(yáng) the river is very clear; we can even see the fish swimming it. a.behind b.on c.to d.in答案 7.b解析考查介詞辨析。月份前面用介詞in。故選b。8.d中考真題演練9. 2018 烏魯木齊 most of the villagers took part in the dragon boat races9:00