高溫超導(dǎo)磁懸浮軸承中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

1、高溫超導(dǎo)磁懸浮軸承中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)review on international research state on high temperature active magnetic bearingradial active magnetic bearing (amb) is a typical system in magnetic suspension field. the active magnetic bearing can support a rotor without contact by using electromagnetic force. with the advant

2、age of unlubricated, little oil contaminated, long life-span and the adaptability of various environment, amb is widely used. so the research on amb is more and more further. it is reasonable to design the structure of active magnetic bearing properly for the improvement of its performance. based on

3、 finite element analysis software comsol multiphysics, the simulation of amb is studied while the suspending force of amb is calculated. first, we built up a dynamic parameter model, so we can analyze the magnetic field distribution and magnetic force at an arbitrary size. then we discussed some ele

4、ment which affect magnetic field such as coil current, air gap, pole width and rotor bias under two working mode. then the optimization process of amb model is presented on the basis of optimization software isight together with comsol, during which the amb model is called automatically by isight. w

5、e used sequential quadratic programming method and the result shows that the combination of comsol multiphysics and isight software is a convenient and effective method for the simulation and optimization of amb system. at last, we used pid controller to realize the close-loop control on single degr

6、ee of freedom amb system, and analyze the performance of pid controller with the simulation result on simulink. through the research above, we finish the design of the whole active magnetic bearing system. the research result provides a feasible method for the analysis and optimization of amb system

7、, which will be useful for the engineering application.in the past few years, the aviation industry has been growing continuously, but the market is very competitive is always necessary. high temperature active magnetic bearing hold great promise for improving jet turbine engine, and thus reducing m

8、aintenance cost and kerosene consumption. in that goal, lots of research has been performed about high temperature active magnetic bearing and its components(like soft magnetic material, insulation coils···).this article presents the development of research in this field, its history,

9、 its state and its outlook.the aviation market is nowadays growing continuously. in order to sustain its development, this market has a constant need of technical improvements to improve competitiveness.today, virtually all aircrafts jet engines use lubricated ball bearings. this system suffers from

10、 diverse drawback like the necessity of a complex cooling system that weighs down the jet engine and limits its working temperature.active magnetic bearings have been successfully used for decades in numerous applications. they have shown great capacities to work in extreme conditions, such as vacuu

11、m or at high rotation speed. the idea is to replace the conventional bearings in jet engines by magnetic bearings.in the 90 s, the majority of magnetic bearings were working under common temperature(less than 100).in jet engines, the current working temperature is about 260, thus proving feasibility

12、 of magnetic bearings for jet engines application was required. in the same time research were performed on soft magnetic material for high temperature applications, the proof of feasibility of magnetic bearing working at 550 was done by xu longxiang.using high temperature active magnetic bearing ma

13、y significantly improve the jet engines.first this technology will allow operating at much higher speeds and temperatures(up to 550), opening space for design of more powerful jet engines. since amb are non-con-tact bearings, there is no more need for lubricant. removing the lubricant system will ma

14、ke the system more fire-safe (no possible oil emissions) and also improve the weight of the engine (up to 5% less). this, added to the elimination of friction losses, will have direct influence on the kerosene consumption.the objective of this article is to present the recent development on high tem

15、perature magnetic bearing.the development of high temperature magnetic for jet engine application includes diverse research project, with three main projects.in 1997, kondoleon has been studying soft magnetic alloys for high temperature radial magnetic bearings. xu longxiang has then demonstrated th

16、e feasibility of an active magnetic bearing working at 540 and investigate high temperature displacement sensor. in 2000, mekhiche briefly described the design, fabrication, and testing of a high-temperature magnetic bearing operating at 50 000 rpm. in 2003, montague has worked on a prototype of hig

17、h temperature active magnetic bearing and develop a coil fabrication process. in 2006, burdet has developed a first 5 degree of freedom high temperature active magnetic bearing and investigate an eddy current position sensor using thick-film technology.the three main projects that have been investig

18、ating high temperature active magnetic bearing are：-the european project for active magnetic bearings in aircraft turbo-machinery (ambit) from 1995 to 2000,-a project of design and fabrication of high-temperature radial magnetic bearing for turbo machinery by the nasa from 2000,-the european researc

19、h project magfly-active magnetic bearing for turbo machinery from 2002 to 2006.the objectives of ambit were to investigate and to demonstrate the feasibility of an active magnetic bearing that works at temperatures up to 540. a one-degree-of-freedom high temperature amb rig was built as well as a fi

20、ve-degree-of-freedom prototype with a high temperature radial bearing.here is the test rig for a high temperature active magnetic bearing, operating in a containment heated up to 550 and running at 30 000 rpm.glenn h. research center works presently on a high temperature amb. it is a high temperatur

21、e, heteropolar, radial magnetic bearing composed of a single radial bearing located at the center of a shaft mounted on ball bearings. it has been operated for 29 hours at 540 during 18 thermal cycles on may 2003.this project has been created with the goal of developing a smart jet engine using magn

22、etic bearings. part of it was to develop an amb prototype working at high temperature.for this project, luc burdet has developed the first 5 degree of freedom high temperature active magnetic bearing. it has been running at environment temperatures up to 550.during his thesis, he has implemented and

23、 validated a modular finite elements thermal model with low computation time for high temperature ambs. he has also developed a thick-film low cost eddy current position sensor for 550 applications and tested materials for the design of high temperature electromechanical system have been tested. in

24、addition, an analysis of failures related to high temperature has been done and illustrated.while the ambs developed in ambit satisfied the requirements, problems were encountered with overheating and coil short circuits. those problems have been partially resolved by montague, which has developed a

25、 coil manufacturing process. in this process, in order to reduce the difficulty of wounding the coils on the back-iron core, choice has been made not to use stator lamination leg designed as one continuous ring. instead, a modular design where each module contains two poles in “c” shape has been cho

26、sen. the wire is wound on both poles continuously, eliminating many connections. the material used for the stator laminations is hiperco 50 (the commonly used silicon steel cannot be chosen here because its curie temperature is too low), while 99.9-percent-pure annealed silver wire was chosen. wire

27、insulation is critical point for high temperature actuators. it requirements are the following: a good thermal conductor, flexible, compact and supporting temperatures up to 800. it must protect the conduct integrity and keep from cracking or flake off. it must also have good toughness and scratch r

28、esistance to avoid turn-to-turn short-circuit. finally, the authors used a commercially available, two compound, clear ceramic coating. at the end, the coil windings are encapsulated and bonded with an alumina based ceramic potting compound.another critical point of the high temperature magnetic bea

29、ring is the development of a reliable position sensor. common sensors cannot be used because of the influence of temperature on material properties. this problem has been studied by burdet which has developed an eddy current position sensor using thick-film technology. the objective was to find a wo

30、rking solution for 550. small inductors have been printed on al2o3 substrates. a conducting layer is printed as insulation. a second conducting layer is then printed. both conducting layers are connected together in the centre of the coil. in the case radial sensor, the sensitivity is directly relat

31、ed to the inductor.a prototype sensor of silver with 200m track width, with silver wires and silver paste wire connections has been tested. tests have shown that after 600 hours in a furnace at 550 the sensor inductance and resistance suffer very little changes. however, problem has arisen due to si

32、lver migration. sensors have to be connected to leading wires, and that point is much more critical, with dendrites are growing quite fast between the two connector pads at high temperature, and thus creating short circuit. solutions to slow down this effect have been tested. while covering the cond

33、uctor layer and the soldering with a dielectric, sensors are still working after 700 hours at 600.the sensing principle of the radial sensor is based on two planar coils pasted on a substrate. the excitation coil embraces the rotor. it is supplied with an ac current source in order to create a high

34、frequency magnetic field. eddy currents are created on the rotor surface.the position measurement is done differentially. two coils facing one to the other are connected together in series, so that when the rotor is centered, the output signal is zero. when the rotor is moving from the middle positi

35、on, a voltage is measurable. the signal amplitude is proportional to the position and the measured signal sign is related to the displacement direction. the radial position sensor is thus able to measure along two orthogonal axes. unfortunately, sensor noise appears after a short time due to silver

36、migration.magnetic fluid is a new type function material which is both magnetic and liquid, and its the only super-paramagnetic material at room temperature. magnetic fluid accelerometer is an application of magnetic fluids self-levitation theory, and its structure is simple and reliable. with the a

37、dvantage of detecting low frequency acceleration, magnetic fluid accelerometer could be widely used in military and aerospace. the main work of this thesis is as follow:magnetic fluids self-levitation is analyzed; dependence of levitation on dimension of magnets and accelerometers shell, volume and

38、saturation magnetization of magnetic fluid are give out by experiments which show the main factors that influence levitation force are the dimension of magnets and the volume of magnetic fluid.the influence of the two factors on the sensor is given out.the structure of accelerometer is designed by c

39、onclusion of experiments.the frequency of exciting signal is given out by experiment. finally, the circuit of sensor is designed.the sensor is tested which show the sensors sensitivity is 15.3 v/g.dependence of the self-levitation force on several factors are given out, the structure and circuit of

40、accelerometer are designed and the accelerometer is tested. its a good foundation for next work.in order to investigate the dynamic characters influenced by the base vibration, the stiff base-active magnetic bearing (amb)-rotor system model is set up. the stability of the rotor is analyzed in the co

41、nditions of different exciting amplitudes and frequencies of the base vibration. it is clear that the rotor become unstable when the vibration is becoming smart. compared with the dynamic character of the rotor without base vibration, the results show that the base vibration influence on the dynamic

42、 character cannot be ignored. the base vibration not only causes the rotor axis deviate from the absolute position, but also causes the stiffness and the precision of the rotor fall. moreover, if the base vibration is drastic, the amb will lose the supporting ability. so the base vibration must be c

43、onsidered in model building and controller designing process.in the future, the main research field will have to be explored for the development of high temperature active magnetic bearings.first of all, it now exist very few data about materials for high temperature applications. before the compone

44、nt can be put into a system, its behavior under working condition has to be checked. it is really time consuming, as time and thermal cycle are important parameters for material life span. iterative development in order to acquire data about high performance and high life span material for high temp

45、erature applications is a primordial need for further amb research.another very important point is the development of reliable position sensors. the one developed by burdet met the requirements, but as problem arise due to silver migration, levitation was not possible for more than a short time.anot

46、her field to investigate is the long term influence of temperature on the system behavior. until now, only short term tests have been performed, and most of them were without rotation. studying the system comportment under real working condition will be the next step of high temperature active magne

47、tic research.this article has presented the current state of research in the field of high temperature active magnetic bearing.future works in this domain will need to continue studying material fabrication process and their properties at high temperature with more realistic working conditions and t

48、o develop a more robust new sensor for high temperature application. also, study must be done on the long-term effect of high temperature and stress on the system behavior.回顧國(guó)際高溫超導(dǎo)磁懸浮軸承的研究狀況在磁懸浮領(lǐng)域中，應(yīng)用最廣泛的就是磁懸浮軸承。它是利用電磁力將轉(zhuǎn)軸懸浮在磁場(chǎng)中，使轉(zhuǎn)子在空間無(wú)機(jī)械接觸、無(wú)磨損地旋轉(zhuǎn)的一種新型高性能軸承。由于具有無(wú)需潤(rùn)滑、無(wú)油污染、壽命長(zhǎng)以及適用于許多應(yīng)用環(huán)境等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因而具有一般傳統(tǒng)軸承

49、所無(wú)法比擬的優(yōu)越性，因此近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)其研究都頗為重視。為了提高磁懸浮軸承的性能，需要合理設(shè)計(jì)磁軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)，這就要求對(duì)磁軸承的電磁場(chǎng)以及磁懸浮力有深入的了解，為此本文基于有限元分析軟件comsol multiphysics建立了主動(dòng)磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)的有限元分析模型，通過(guò)仿真對(duì)磁懸浮軸承在單側(cè)磁極作用和差動(dòng)磁極作用兩種工作方式下，激勵(lì)電流、氣隙寬度、磁極寬度、偏心等因素對(duì)其電磁力的影響進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的探討。然后，本文探討了一種將優(yōu)化軟件isight與comsol multiphysics相結(jié)合來(lái)對(duì)磁懸浮軸承進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的方法，并采取序列二次規(guī)劃算法對(duì)磁懸浮軸承進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，得出了相應(yīng)條件下磁

50、軸承的最優(yōu)參數(shù)，取得了滿意的結(jié)果，從優(yōu)化結(jié)果來(lái)看：comsol與isight軟件相結(jié)合來(lái)對(duì)磁懸浮軸承進(jìn)行分析設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)快捷、有效的方法.最后，為磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)建立單自由度的控制模型，本文采用經(jīng)典的pid控制策略來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)單自由度磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)的閉環(huán)控制，并給出了閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)的仿真和分析結(jié)果，完成了整個(gè)磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。本文的研究結(jié)果可以為磁懸浮軸承的電磁場(chǎng)分析和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供參考和依據(jù)，也為進(jìn)一步的磁軸承的多物理建模和仿真分析以及多學(xué)科設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化等提供了一個(gè)可行的途徑，具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。近年來(lái)，雖然航空制造業(yè)經(jīng)歷了持續(xù)不斷地發(fā)展，但是市場(chǎng)是充滿各種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，通常要對(duì)成本進(jìn)行合理的優(yōu)化配置。高溫超

51、導(dǎo)磁力軸承在噴氣渦輪發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的改善中具有極好的前景，并且能減少設(shè)備的維護(hù)費(fèi)用以及燃料損耗。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，越來(lái)越多的關(guān)于高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承及其相關(guān)組件的研究項(xiàng)目正在不斷地開(kāi)展（例如常溫超導(dǎo)材料，絕緣線圈···）。這篇論文將介紹了這一研究領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，它的發(fā)展歷史，以及它現(xiàn)在的發(fā)展情況和未來(lái)的市場(chǎng)前景。今天，航空制造業(yè)正在持續(xù)不斷地發(fā)展。為了維持并推動(dòng)它的發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)迫切地需要通過(guò)技術(shù)進(jìn)步來(lái)提高市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力?，F(xiàn)今，幾乎所有的航空噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都是采用潤(rùn)滑球軸承這種方式。然而這一系統(tǒng)如今正遭受著各種各樣的缺陷的困擾，例如綜合冷卻系統(tǒng)的使用會(huì)增加噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的總重量并限制了他的工

52、作溫度范圍。近十年來(lái)，超導(dǎo)磁力軸承在眾多的領(lǐng)域里得到了更為廣泛的應(yīng)用。它們?cè)跇O端的工作環(huán)境下仍然能展現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的工作能力，例如在真空環(huán)境和高速旋轉(zhuǎn)等條件下。這種用磁力軸承替代常規(guī)軸承的想法逐漸被提了出來(lái)。在本世紀(jì)九十年代，有大量的磁力軸承適合在常溫環(huán)境下工作（低于一百攝氏度）。然而，在噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中，其當(dāng)前的工作溫度大約是二百六十?dāng)z氏度左右，因此提高磁力軸承在噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中應(yīng)用的可行性是十分必要的。在同一時(shí)期的其他研究中，對(duì)適合在高溫條件下應(yīng)用的常規(guī)磁性材料的研究正在被不斷開(kāi)展，其中，徐龍祥教授檢驗(yàn)并論證了磁力軸承在五百五十?dāng)z氏度的環(huán)境下開(kāi)展工作的可行性。使用高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承能在很大程度上提升噴氣發(fā)

53、動(dòng)機(jī)的性能。首先這一技術(shù)將允許在高溫高速環(huán)境下的操作（超過(guò)五百五十?dāng)z氏度），因此它適合用來(lái)制造設(shè)計(jì)推力更加強(qiáng)勁、性能更加優(yōu)越的噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以開(kāi)展對(duì)外太空的探索。由于超導(dǎo)磁力軸承是一種無(wú)接觸的軸承，對(duì)于潤(rùn)滑劑的使用需求會(huì)越來(lái)越少。由于無(wú)需潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)，這將使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)在高溫下的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更加的安全(不需要排放廢氣)并且降低了整個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的總重量 (至少降低百分之五以上)。這樣，更多地消除了摩擦損耗，同時(shí)對(duì)燃油的損耗將會(huì)產(chǎn)生更加直接的影響。這篇論文的目的是為了說(shuō)明高溫磁力軸承在當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)上的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。高溫磁力軸承在噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中的應(yīng)用發(fā)展包含了多種多樣的研究計(jì)劃，其中包括三個(gè)主要的項(xiàng)目部分。在一九九七年，康德萊恩已經(jīng)

54、發(fā)現(xiàn)了適合用于制造高溫放射狀磁力軸承的常溫磁性合金。徐龍祥隨后又驗(yàn)證了高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承在五百四十?dāng)z氏度條件下工作的可行性并研究設(shè)計(jì)出相應(yīng)的高溫位置傳感器。 在二零零零年，邁克赫克簡(jiǎn)略地描述了高溫磁力軸承在每分鐘五萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)的條件下工作時(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)制造，裝配及檢測(cè)過(guò)程。 在二零零三年,蒙泰格制定了一個(gè)高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并且研發(fā)了一種特殊的線圈制造處理工序。在二零零六年，博得特研發(fā)了第一個(gè)具有五個(gè)自由度的高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承和一種使用了薄膜技術(shù)的通用渦流位置傳感器這三個(gè)研究高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承的工程項(xiàng)目分別是：一九九五年到二零零零年，由歐洲開(kāi)展的高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)的航空器項(xiàng)目，二零零零年，由美國(guó)國(guó)家航

55、空和宇宙航行局展開(kāi)的高溫放射狀磁力軸承的設(shè)計(jì)與制造項(xiàng)目，二零零二年到二零零六年，由歐洲研究設(shè)計(jì)的高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目。設(shè)計(jì)高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)的目的是為了研究和論證超導(dǎo)磁力軸承在五百四十?dāng)z氏度以上環(huán)境下工作的可行性。一種單自由度高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承設(shè)備已經(jīng)像上述具有五個(gè)自由度的高溫放射狀軸承的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一樣被建立起來(lái)。這是一種高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承的檢測(cè)設(shè)備，它是在一個(gè)密閉的，溫度在五百五十?dāng)z氏度以上，轉(zhuǎn)速在三萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘的環(huán)境下工作的。格倫研究中心目前正在設(shè)計(jì)一種高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承。它是一種高溫，多磁極，放射狀磁力軸承組成的位于球軸承桿件中心的一種單一放射狀軸承。在二零零三年五月份，直到第十

56、八個(gè)熱量循環(huán)周期完成為止，它已經(jīng)在五百四十?dāng)z氏度的環(huán)境下連續(xù)工作了二十九個(gè)小時(shí)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)建立了一個(gè)用磁力軸承開(kāi)發(fā)高靈敏度噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的目標(biāo)。其中的一部分是制定一個(gè)在高溫下工作的高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 對(duì)于這個(gè)工程項(xiàng)目，拉克博得特研發(fā)了第一個(gè)五自由度高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承。它已經(jīng)能夠在超過(guò)五百五十?dāng)z氏度的環(huán)境溫度下開(kāi)展工作?；谒恼撐恼擖c(diǎn)，他已經(jīng)執(zhí)行并且驗(yàn)證一種具有有限原理的熱量模型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組件，并且對(duì)高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承的運(yùn)行進(jìn)行了粗略的時(shí)間估算。同時(shí)，他還開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了一種低成本的薄膜通用渦流位置傳感器以適應(yīng)在五百五十?dāng)z氏度環(huán)境下的工作，并且一種高溫機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)檢測(cè)材料已經(jīng)處于測(cè)試中。另外，一種與高

57、溫有關(guān)聯(lián)的對(duì)失敗的測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析的報(bào)告已經(jīng)完成，其原因也在報(bào)告中被闡明。然而，在高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)的航空器項(xiàng)目中開(kāi)發(fā)研制的高溫超導(dǎo)磁力軸承對(duì)于調(diào)整的需要及要求還比較令人滿意的時(shí)候，然而卻突然遭遇到過(guò)熱問(wèn)題以及線圈電流回路短路問(wèn)題的困擾。開(kāi)發(fā)出一種特殊的線圈制造加工工序的蒙泰格已經(jīng)解決了這類問(wèn)題其中一部分。在這個(gè)工序中，為了解決減小對(duì)鐵質(zhì)襯里磁芯的損害這一難題，將不再采用先前的金屬固定片層壓薄膜材料支柱計(jì)劃而是采用一種連續(xù)的環(huán)狀設(shè)計(jì)。取而代之的是，一種其中每個(gè)模塊都包含兩個(gè)c型極性的組件設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)被采用。金屬導(dǎo)線將連續(xù)不斷地是所有的磁極受到損傷。用來(lái)制造金屬固定片層壓薄膜的材料是hip

58、erco 50（通常使用的硅鋼在這里不能選擇使用是因?yàn)樗木永餃囟戎堤偷木壒剩欢兌冗_(dá)到百分之九十九點(diǎn)九的鍍銀金屬導(dǎo)線卻被選擇使用。 金屬絲絕緣層是實(shí)現(xiàn)高溫驅(qū)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵因素。他的要求如下所述：一個(gè)性能優(yōu)良的熱導(dǎo)體，是靈活柔韌的，緊湊密實(shí)的并且能夠支持在超過(guò)八百攝氏度的高溫環(huán)境下使用。它必定要保持良好的導(dǎo)電性能并且能夠杜絕破裂和剝落的現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。它同時(shí)還必須擁有十分出色的韌性和接觸電阻以避免輪流反復(fù)的短路現(xiàn)象。因此作者使最終決定采用一種在商業(yè)上可利用的，以兩種復(fù)合的陶瓷材料制成的覆蓋層作為金屬導(dǎo)線的絕緣層材料。最后，這些彎曲的金屬線圈需要與一種基于陶瓷復(fù)合物而制成的氧化鋁材料結(jié)合，并用膠囊將線圈包裹住。使高溫磁力軸