法律英語單詞(自己整理的)

1、僅供參考！歡迎參與詞條建設(shè)！Book 1, unit 1Reading: Bodies of lawcommon law習(xí)慣法,普通法，判例法 based on customscivil law成文法，大陸法，民法criminal law刑法 deal with crimescodify編纂code法典disputes爭執(zhí)，糾紛Types of lawbill議案；法案.a formal statement of a proposed new law that is discussed and then voted onregulation規(guī)章 carry out the intent of

2、the lawordinance（地方）條例 enacted by a town,city or country governmentdirective指令 （如：歐盟指令） establish policiesstatutes成文法 formal written lawprovision規(guī)章、條例articlechapterclauseSpeaking1 : Explaining what a law saysstipulate規(guī)定provide語氣弱于stipulatesspecify明確規(guī)定Types of courtsappellate court受理上訴法院 review cases

3、 heard in a lower courtcrown court刑事法庭 hear serious criminal caseshigh court高等法院 the highest court in a jurisdictionsupreme court最高法院juvenile court青少年法庭 try a person under the age of 18lower court下級法庭 hear a case for the first timemagistrates' court地方法院，地方治安法庭 small crimes are tried in the UKmoo

4、t court模擬法庭 students argue hypothetical casessmall-claims court小額補(bǔ)償訴訟法院 limit amount of moneytribunal特別法庭，專門法庭 legal problems of a particular typeSpeaking2: Civil court systemsexpert witness專家證人 a person who has specialised knowledge of a particular subjectappellant上訴人 appeals a decision to a higher

5、 courtadvocate訴訟律師 plead cases in courtListening: Documents in courtaffidavit法庭宣誓, 口供 swear officially to tell the truthinjunction禁令 stop sb doing somethingwrit傳票 involved sb in a legal processpleading訴訟；訴訟文件 set forth the cause of actionclient訴訟當(dāng)事人， 委托人 Book 1,Unit 2 Reading: Legaleducation - a cal

6、l to the Barthe Bar1.大律師職業(yè)（可出席高等法庭）（尤指資格）the profession of barrister 2.律師職業(yè) the profession of any kind of lawyerdisbar取消（某人）的律師資格 to stop a lawyer from working in the legal profession,especially because he or she has done sth illegalLLBLegum Baccalaureus法學(xué)學(xué)士vocational 職業(yè)的，職業(yè)技術(shù)的barrister大律師，出庭律師，辯護(hù)律師

7、(在英國有資格出席上級法庭進(jìn)行辯護(hù)) a lawyer in Britain who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts of lawInns of Court律師學(xué)院（尤指英國倫敦四個培養(yǎng)律師的組織）(in England) the four private unincorporated societies in London that function as a law school and have the exclusive privilege of calling candidates to the English ba

8、r.They are Lincoln's Inn,Inner Temple,Middle Temple.Gray's InnBar Vocational Course法律職業(yè)課程call to the bar獲得律師資格 allowed to work as a qualified barristerpupillage1.大律師見習(xí)期 a period during which a lawyer trains to become a barrister by studying with a qualified barriser 2.大律師實習(xí)制度 3.學(xué)生時期（尤指接受某人教育

9、） a period during which you are a student,especially when you are being taught by a particular person apprenticeship1.學(xué)徒期 a period of time working as an apprentice 2.學(xué)徒工作 a job as an apprenticebarristers' chambers大律師事務(wù)所solicitor1.事務(wù)律師，訴狀律師（代擬法律文書、提供法律咨詢等的一般辯護(hù)律師）a lawyer who prepares legal docume

10、nts, for example for the sale of land or buildings,advises people on legal matters,and can speak for them in some courts of law 2.推銷員 a person whose job is to visit or telephone people and try to sell them sth 3.(城鎮(zhèn)或政府部門負(fù)責(zé)法律事務(wù)的)法務(wù)官 the most senior legal officer of a city,town or government departmen

11、tLegal Practice Course(LPC)法律實踐課程trainee solicitor實習(xí)律師law school法學(xué)院juris doctor(J.D)法律博士（美）基礎(chǔ)的法律學(xué)位，專供非法學(xué)畢業(yè)的本科畢業(yè)生修讀，畢業(yè)生可以申請入讀專業(yè)法律證書（P.C.LL.）以圖取得香港律師資格，香港中文大學(xué)和香港城市大學(xué)均設(shè)有此課程，2009年起香港大學(xué)亦開辦此課程。bar examination律師資格考試 in the USA,an important test taken by law-school graduates which,when passed,qualifies a pe

12、rson to practise lawliaison1.聯(lián)絡(luò)；聯(lián)系 a relationship between two organizations or different departments in an organization,involving the exchange of information or ideas 2.聯(lián)絡(luò)員；聯(lián)系人 counsel1.法律顧問；律師 a lawyer or group of lawyers representing sb in court 2.勸告，建議 advice,especially given by older people or e

13、xperts ListeningAssociate合伙人，同事，朋友 2.準(zhǔn)會員 adj.合伙的，共事的，有關(guān)連的 Full Partner（法律）無限責(zé)任合伙人Paralegaln.法律事務(wù)助理 adj.輔助律師業(yè)務(wù)的Real Propertyn.不動產(chǎn)，房地產(chǎn)Salaried Partner（法律）受薪合伙人litigationn.訴訟；打官司the process of making or defending a claim in a court of lawpractitionern.從業(yè)人員（尤指醫(yī)學(xué)或法律界的）a person who works in a profession;n

14、習(xí)藝者，專門人才a person who regularly does a particular activity,especially one that requires skill transactionn.交易，業(yè)務(wù)，買賣a piece of business that is done between people,especially an act of buying or selling ; n.辦理，處理the process of doing sthtrade-mark商標(biāo)a name,symbol or design that a company uses for its pr

15、oducts and that cannot be used by anyone else;n.特征，標(biāo)記a special way of behaving or dressing that is typical of ab and that makes them easily recognizedinfringement侵犯權(quán)益to limit ab's legal rightsn.觸犯法規(guī)to break a law or rule ;landlordn.房東，地主a man from whom you rent a room,a house,etc;n.店主，老板a man wh

16、o owns or manages a pub or a guest housetenantn.房客，租戶，佃戶a person who pays rent for the use of a room,building,land etc;v.（作為租賃者）居住，工作to live or work in a place as a tenantLanguage Focusbarrister出庭律師a lawyerwho is admitted to plead at the bar and argue cases in superior courts.attorney1.代理人,法律事務(wù)代理人 a

17、 legal agent 2. 律師 a lawyerin-house counsel法律顧問 lawyer suppling advices for corparatonsolicitor1.事務(wù)律師(英）lawyer who consults with clients and prepare documents but is not heard in High Court2.(美)首席法務(wù)官main legal officel of the governmentcorporate lawyer法務(wù)Setting up a business venture for the companyde

18、fence laywer辯護(hù)律師 a lawyer of a defendantgovernment lawyer政府律師 lawyer work for governmentpatent lawyer專利律師 a lawyer who drafts and prosecutes patent applications and represents inventors in infringement suits and interference hearingstax lawyer稅務(wù)律師 lawyer helping with tax issuestrial lawyer出庭辯護(hù)律師 def

19、ence for the defendant on the courtUnit 3 Reading: Introduction to constitutional lawUS Constitution美國憲法article1.（報紙、雜志的）文章a piece of writing；2.物品；物件object;3.正品；真貨the genuine article;4.(契約、文件的)條款、條文、項目a section of a formal agreement or document;5.見習(xí)契約Someone who is in articles is being trained as a

20、lawyer or accountant by a firm with whom they have a written agreement;6.冠詞amendment 1.(法令或法規(guī)的)修正條款，修正案a section that is added to a law or rule in order to change it;2.修改，修訂a change is made to a piece of writing.bill of rights權(quán)利法案judicial review司法審查、復(fù)審review by a court of law of actions of a governm

21、ent official or entity or of so me other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial courtdue process正當(dāng)程序，正當(dāng)法律程序,法定訴訟程序the administration of justice according to establish rules and principlesseparation of powers政權(quán)分離division of powers（中央及地方的）分權(quán)chec

22、ks and balances（政府機(jī)關(guān)彼此之間的）相互制衡limited government有限政府source1.來源；產(chǎn)地；2.尋找（產(chǎn)品或貨源的）貨源；3.消息來源；消息人士；（論文中引文的）出處、原始資料 a person or book that provides information for a news story or for a piece of research.4.(困難的)根源、原因 a difficulty's cause.5.（河流的）源頭precedent前例、先例 If there is a precedent for an action or e

23、vent, it has happended before, and this can be regarded as an argument for doing it againissue1.重要問題；議題；爭論的問題 an important subject;2.首要事項；要點；問題的要害；3.（報刊的）期，號，版次the version of magazine or newspaper;4.發(fā)表，發(fā)布。make a statement or a warning known formally or publicly;5.向.頒發(fā)；（正式）發(fā)給；6.（液體聲音氣味）流出、發(fā)出、冒出issues

24、 from=comes out of 7.爭論中的，討論中的at issus=being argued about;8.使.引起關(guān)注；在.上跳起爭論make an issue of something;9.不同意；對.持爭議take issue with someone or something=disagree with them;10.在.方面有困難have issues with=have problems connected with state constitution州憲法mundane subjects平凡的人Key terms:Principles of the constit

25、utional law（BY 陳寧怡2012301180） separation of powers1.分權(quán)。即將政府機(jī)構(gòu)一分為三：立法、行政和司法。每一個分支都有特定的職責(zé)范圍，任何其他分支不得侵犯。 2.分權(quán)與制衡原則。美國憲法所確立的一項原則。依布蘭迪斯（Brandeis）大法官所言，這一原則在1787年制憲會議上采納，其目的不在于提高政府效率，而在于保護(hù)人民免受暴政或獨裁專制之苦。division of powers<美>（聯(lián)邦憲法規(guī)定的聯(lián)邦和州之間的政府權(quán)力劃分）；分權(quán)checks and balances制衡原則；制約與平衡原則。之每一政府部門皆具有對抗其他任何部門行為

26、的能力，從而不致出現(xiàn)任何單一部門操縱整個政府的權(quán)力和職能的理論。如在美國，行政部門可通過行使否決權(quán)veto power制約立法機(jī)關(guān)；而只要達(dá)到充分多數(shù)，立法機(jī)關(guān)則可推翻任一否決。limited government有限政府Unit 4 Company Lawlegal entity法律實體legal person法人Legal persons are of two kinds: natural persons people and juridical persons groups of people, such as corporations, which are treated by law

27、 as if they were persons. While people acquire legal personhood when they are born, judicial persons do so when they are incorporated in accordance with law.personal liability法律責(zé)任 The legal bound obligation to pay debts.In law, a person is legally liable when they are financially and legally respons

28、ible for something.corporate veil公司屏障(保護(hù)持股人免受獨家業(yè)主造成的企業(yè)破產(chǎn)所帶來的損失) Its purpose lies in the fact that under the special circumstance of law, the creditor can investigate control shareholder's legal liabilities through the“corporate veil”to make creditor gain more forceful protection.certificate of i

29、ncorporation公司注冊證書登記執(zhí)照，a signed statement by the Registrar of Companies that a company is duly incorporatedboard of directors董事會A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of governors, boar

30、d of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors. It is often simply referred to as "the board".memorandum of association公司章程A legal document setting up a corporation either with or without limited liability and including the company's name, purpose, and durati

31、on.duty of care謹(jǐn)慎責(zé)任a requirement that a person act toward others and the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would. If a person's actions do not meet this standard of care, then the acts are considered negligent, and any damages

32、 resulting may be claimed in a lawsuit for pany formation成立公司 Company formation is the term for the process of incorporation of a business in the UK. It is also sometimes referred to as company registration. These terms are both also used when incorporating a business in the Republic o

33、f Ireland. Under UK company law and most international law a company or corporation is considered to be an entity that is separate from the people who own or operate the company.bonus獎金 A premium paid in addition to what is due or expectedliquidation清償； 結(jié)算； 清算；1. The act of determining by agreement

34、or by litigation the exact amount of something (as a debt or damages) that before was uncertain. 2. The act of settling a debt by payment or other satisfaction. 3. The act or process of converting assets into cash, esp. to settle debts. legal entity法律實體certificate of incorporation公司注冊證登記執(zhí)照，法人認(rèn)可證，公司章

35、程; A certificate of incorporation is a legal document relating to the formation of a company or corporation. It is a license to form a corporation issued by state government. Its precise meaning depends upon the legal system in which it is used.statutory form 法定形式As for the application materials tha

36、t are complete and consistent with the statutory forms or that have been supplemented by the applicant in light of the relevant requirements, it shall acceptthem.memorandum of association公司章程，公會規(guī)約; The memorandum of association of a company, often simply called the memorandum (and then often capital

37、ised as an abbreviation for the official name, which is a proper noun and usually includes other words), is the document that governs the relationship between the company and the outside. It is one of the documents required to incorporate a company in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Bangladesh,

38、Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and is also used in many of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth.authorized capital法定資本，額定資本，認(rèn)可資本; nominal capital名義資本The par value of shares of stock a corporation has issued.articles of association公司章程執(zhí)照; In corporate governance, a company's articles of asso

39、ciation is a document which, along with the memorandum of association form the company's constitution, defines the responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to be undertaken, and the means by which the shareholders exert control over the board of directors.bylaw內(nèi)部規(guī)章制度，次要法規(guī)，（社、團(tuán)制定的）

40、規(guī)章制度;The official rules and regulations which govern a corporation's management. Drawn up at the time of incorporation, along with the charter.extraordinary gengral meeting特別大會An extraordinary general meeting, commonly abbreviated as EGM, is a meeting of members of an organisation, shareholders

41、of a company, or employees of an official body, which occurs at an irregular time. The term is usually used where the group would ordinarily hold an annual general meeting (AGM), but where an issue arises which requires the input of the entire membership and is too serious or urgent to wait until th

42、e next AGM. Members and/or shareholders must be informed of the purpose of the EGM so that they may attend in a position where they can discuss and exercise intelligent judgment, otherwise any resolutions passed are invalid.annual general meeting (AGM)年度（股東）大會，周年股東大會An annual general meeting (common

43、ly abbreviated as AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting that official bodies, and associations involving the general public (including companies with shareholders), are often required by law (or the constitution, charter, by-laws etc. governing the body) to hold. An AGM is held every y

44、ear to elect the board of directors and inform their members of previous and future activities. It is an opportunity for the shareholders and partners to receive copies of the company's accounts as well as reviewing fiscal information for the past year and asking any questions regarding the dire

45、ctions the business will take in the future.board of director董事會A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. duty of care注意義務(wù)fiduciary duty誠信義務(wù)conflict of interest利益沖突balance sheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表profit-and-loss account損益類賬戶bonu

46、s issue紅股，或bonus sharecapitalisation issue資本化發(fā)行l(wèi)iquidation清算auditor審計員director董事；經(jīng)理 指揮公司業(yè)務(wù)，構(gòu)成董事會，為公司決策機(jī)構(gòu)board of directors 主管；指導(dǎo)者；管理者 officerliquidator n.清算人；清算事務(wù)管理人，亦稱receivermanaging director總經(jīng)理，常務(wù)董事 someone who controls resources and expenditurespromote 促進(jìn)者；倡導(dǎo)者；推動者 （公司等的）發(fā)起人，創(chuàng)辦人 推銷商 （議案的）提出者，提案人

47、（古）刑事訴訟告發(fā)人 （英）教會案件的上訴人proxy 代理人；代表，尤用于公司法中 授權(quán) 授權(quán)委托書；代理委托書receiver涉訟財產(chǎn)管理人 破產(chǎn)財產(chǎn)管理人 <英>接受贓物者 <英>精神錯亂的看管人shareholdern.股東；股票持有人 share:股份 份額UNIT 7 CONTRACT LAW:Contract Formationaccelerationn.提前到期，加速到期Clause in a contract requiring the obligor to pay all or a part of a payable amount sooner th

48、an as agreed upon the occurrence of some event or circumstance stated in the contract, usually failure to make payment.提前收益，提前批準(zhǔn)assignmentn.(財產(chǎn)的)轉(zhuǎn)讓，讓與Clause prohibiting or permitting assignment under certain conditions.n.讓與證書、委托證書 n.(轉(zhuǎn)讓的)財產(chǎn)、權(quán)力等 v.轉(zhuǎn)讓confidentialityn.保密條款，機(jī)密，機(jī)密性Clause concerning the t

49、reating of information as private and not for distribution beyond specifically identified individuals or organizations, nor used other than for specifically identified purposes.n.可以信賴的品質(zhì)，受到信任的能力considerationn.對價，約因Clause expressing the cause, motive, price or impelling motive which induces one party

50、 to enter into an agreement.n.考慮，體貼Force Majeuren.不可抗力Clause designed to protect against failures to perform contractual obligations caused by unavoidable events beyond the partys control, such as natural disasters or wars.Liquidated Damages n.約定違約金，約定違約賠償金Clause referring to an amount predetermined

51、 by the parties as the total amount of compensation a non-breaching party should receive if the other party breaches a part of the contract.Entire Agreementn.完整條款Clause stating that the written terms of an agreement may not be varied by prior or oral agreements because all such agreements have been

52、consolidated into the written document.severabilityn.（合同的）可分性Clause providing that, in the event that one or more provisions of the agreement are declared unenforceable, the balance of the agreement remains in force.Terminationn. 結(jié)束 結(jié)局 終點Clause outlining when and under which circumstances the contra

53、ct may be determined.Payment of Costsn.訴訟費的繳納Clause setting out which party is responsible for payment of costs related to the preparation of the agreement and ancillary documents.Express contractn.明示合同，明約A contract whose clause is set clearly by both parties orally or in written form.Implied contra

54、ctn.默認(rèn)契約A contract which is set according to the behavior of two parties and the environment during the formation of the contract, although there was no obvious words presented.Statute of fraudn.防止欺詐法英國1677年通過的一部制定法。該法由諾丁漢勛爵制定，原名為Act of the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries，立法宗旨是在證據(jù)不發(fā)達(dá)的時代，當(dāng)事人又無法提供合

55、適證人的情況下，減少合同欺詐。Real propertyn.不動產(chǎn)Property consisting of land or buildings.formationn.訂立，形成The action of forming or process of forming of a contractThird-party beneficiary contractsn.第三人受益合同A contract in which the person who get the benefit or compensation is another person rather than either partAss

56、ignment of rightsn.權(quán)力的轉(zhuǎn)讓A clause which regulates the change of the owner of a particular rightDelegation of dutiesn.責(zé)任的委托To give certain duty or obligation to someone else other than two parties of the contract.delegaten.代表A person sent or authorized to represent others.Vt.委任，托付assigneen.代理人，受托人A pe

57、rson to whom a right or liability is legally transferred or a person appointed to act for another.Illegality of the subject mattern.標(biāo)的物的違法性When either the subject matter(e.g. the sale of illegal drugs) or the consideration of a contract is illegalFraud in the inducement n.引誘性的欺詐When one party is intentionally misled about the terms, quality or other aspect of the contractual relationship that leads the party to enter into the transaction.duressn.威脅