人教版必修四unit3

1、How many kinds of humour do you know about?Can you name some people that you think are humorous?Types of humorverbalnonverbal口頭的口頭的 不用語言的不用語言的verbalsketchsketchverbalsketchjokescomedyLOST IN THAILANDverbalsketchjokescomedyFunny storiesCross talkTwo or more speakers make many jokes and funny conversa

2、tion.verbalsketchjokescomedyFunny storiesCross talkTongue twisterTongue twister A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose.2.Betty bought some butter, but the butter was bitter, so she bought some better butter to make the bitter butter better.mime nonverbalpeople do not use words but

3、 rely on facial expressions and gesture Mr BeanCharlie Chaplin He was a great silent movie star. Modern Times, The Little Tramp, The Gold Rush, City Light are his masterpieces(代表作代表作). He was very popular in his time. Can you predict Can you predict what the passage what the passage mainly talk abou

4、t?mainly talk about?A Master of Nonverbal Humour Whats the passage mainly about? A. The history of English humor. B. The films Chaplin made. C. The life and work of charlie chaplin. D. The Gold Rush in California.para.1para.2para.3para.4para.5Find out the main idea of each paragraph.c) His achieveme

5、ntse) An example of a sad situation that he made funnya) What Charlies most famous character was likeb) Why people needed cheering upd) What Charlies childhood was likeBornDiedJobTypeofactingFamousCharactercostumeReasonforsuccessNotes about Charlie Chaplins careerBornDied JobType of actingCharacter

6、18891977Actor Mime and farce (笑劇笑劇)“the tramp”, a poor and homeless personReason forsuccessCostume Large trousers, worn-out shoes, small round black hat and a walking stickBecause he has optimism and determination to overcome difficulties and he is always kindSummary Charlie ChaplinEarly lifeHe was

7、_ in a poor family in 1889 and was taught to sing and dance as a little child.His fathers death made the family _ so he spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his _, he had become one of the most popular child actors in England.bornworse offteensMost famous film _, a po

8、or, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat, and walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick.This character was a social _ but was loved for his optimism and determination to _ all difficulties.characterThe little trampfailureovercomePerformi

9、ng skillsHe could mime and act the fool doing _ everyday tasks.His subtle acting made everything _.ordinaryentertainingAchievementsHe wrote, _ and produced the films he starred in.In 1972 he got a special Oscar for his _ work in films.He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could _ people wi

10、th great confidence. directedoutstandinginspire Activity on page 19.In a word, you should develop a sense of humor and have a positive attitude towards life.And finally look in the mirror and think “Im beautiful”Now, enjoy your day!HomeworkReview the passage and find out the difficult words and sent

11、ences.1. content仔細閱讀下列句子，并試著總結仔細閱讀下列句子，并試著總結content的含義及用法。的含義及用法。1) Most of his poems have a lot of political content. content n. 意為意為“（作品等的）內容（作品等的）內容（與形式相對）（與形式相對）”2) High daytime temperatures increase the sugar content of the grapes. content n. “含量含量”3) Now my grandmother began to live in peace a

12、nd content. content n. “ 滿足，心滿意足滿足，心滿意足”，不可，不可數名詞數名詞4) I always read the contents of a book before judging it. content n.意為意為“目錄目錄”5) Can you give a description of the contents of your lost wallet? content n.“里面的東西，內容里面的東西，內容” ， 常用復數形式常用復數形式6) Great people are never content with small success.7) Bei

13、ng tired of city life, she is content to live in peace in the countryside. content adj.，意為，意為“_” ，be content with .意為意為“_”，be content to do sth.愿意做某事。愿意做某事。滿意的，滿足的滿意的，滿足的對對滿足滿足8) Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup.9) My apology seemed to content him. content v.，意為，意為“滿足，使?jié)M足滿足，使?jié)M足” ，conten

14、t oneself with sth.使自己滿足使自己滿足于于。翻譯下列句子。翻譯下列句子。1. 我們不應該使自己僅僅滿足于課本知識。我們不應該使自己僅僅滿足于課本知識。 We should not content ourselves with book knowledge only. 2. 我愿意等候。我愿意等候。 I was / am content to wait.2. astonish to surprise sb. greatly 使（某人）吃驚，使（某人）吃驚， 震驚。比震驚。比surprise的語氣要強。的語氣要強。 The earthquake astonished me. 地

15、震使我驚慌失措。地震使我驚慌失措。 be astonished 吃驚吃驚 I was astonished to see her in Australia. 我在澳大利亞見到她，很驚異。我在澳大利亞見到她，很驚異。be astonished+ at (by) /to do/that 被被(因因)驚嚇驚嚇She was astonished to find he was drunk. 發(fā)現(xiàn)他喝醉了發(fā)現(xiàn)他喝醉了, 她很吃驚。她很吃驚。He was much astonished that you had failed. 你居然失敗，他大感驚訝。你居然失敗，他大感驚訝。I was astonishe

16、d at/by the news. 這消息使我大吃一驚。這消息使我大吃一驚。astonishing adj. 令人吃驚的令人吃驚的 an astonishing remark 驚人之語驚人之語astonishment n. 驚異；驚愕；驚奇驚異；驚愕；驚奇in astonishment 愕然，愕然， 吃驚地吃驚地 如：如：She stared at me in astonishment. 她吃驚地瞪著我。她吃驚地瞪著我。to ones astonishment 令令驚異的驚異的是是 如：如：To our astonishment the little boy swam across the r

17、iver. 令我們驚奇的是那小男孩居然游過了令我們驚奇的是那小男孩居然游過了那條河。那條河。3. entertain仔細閱讀下列句子，并試著總結仔細閱讀下列句子，并試著總結entertain的含義及用法。的含義及用法。1) We were all entertained by his humourous stories. entertain作作_詞，意為詞，意為“使歡樂，使歡樂，使有興趣使有興趣”動動2) They often entertained their friends on weekends.3) Barbecues are a favourite way of entertaini

18、ng friends. “_”拓展拓展 entertainment n. 招待，款待，娛樂招待，款待，娛樂entertaining adj. 有趣的，娛樂的，愉快有趣的，娛樂的，愉快的的招待，款待招待，款待 用用entertain的適當形式填空。的適當形式填空。1. Every summer they _ the neighbours at an outdoor party. 2. Childrens TV programmes nowadays are much more _.entertain entertaining4. badly off仔細閱讀下列句子，并試著總結仔細閱讀下列句子，并

19、試著總結badly off的含義及用法。的含義及用法。1) Mrs. Smith was quite badly off for a while after her husband died.2) No matter how badly off we were, we never went to bed hungry. badly off多與多與be連用，意為連用，意為“_”窮的，生活困難的窮的，生活困難的3) The school is rather badly off for equipment.4) Our junior middle school was then badly off

20、for teachers. “_” badly off for意為意為“缺乏缺乏”。缺少的缺少的拓展拓展well off有錢的，富裕的（有錢的，富裕的（badly off的反的反義詞）義詞）worse off境況差一些（更糟）的（境況差一些（更糟）的（badly off的比較級）的比較級）better off較富裕的，環(huán)境較好的（較富裕的，環(huán)境較好的（well off的比較級）的比較級）選出最佳選項。選出最佳選項。 1. They dont seem too badly _ they have nice clothes and a good house. A. on B. over C. fo

21、r D. off2. The people there were badly off _ medicine and food after the big earthquake. A. with B. for C. from D. onDB5. throughout prep. 1)（表示地區(qū)）遍及（表示地區(qū)）遍及, 整個整個 如：如：The company has branches throughout the country.這家公司的分店遍及全國。這家公司的分店遍及全國。2)（表示時間）整個，從頭到尾（表示時間）整個，從頭到尾 如：如： It rained throughout the d

22、ay. 雨下了一整天。雨下了一整天。 He led a poor life throughout his life. 他一生過著窮苦的生活。他一生過著窮苦的生活。throughout adv. 1) 整個地，在所有各處，全部，如：整個地，在所有各處，全部，如： The hill was green throughout. 那座山整個都是綠的。那座山整個都是綠的。 2) 自始至終，到最后自始至終，到最后 如：如： She remained silent throughout. 她從頭到尾都保持沉默。她從頭到尾都保持沉默。6.homeless adj. 無家可歸的無家可歸的 -less是表示否定意

23、義的形容詞后綴是表示否定意義的形容詞后綴, 加加在某些名詞的后面構成否定意義的形在某些名詞的后面構成否定意義的形容詞。類似的容詞。類似的 如：如：helpless 無力的，無計可施的；無力的，無計可施的； 無助的，無依無靠的無助的，無依無靠的careless 粗心的，輕率的粗心的，輕率的childless 沒有兒女的沒有兒女的harmless 無害的，無損害的；無害的，無損害的； 沒有惡意的，無邪的沒有惡意的，無邪的ceaseless 不斷的，不停的不斷的，不停的countless 數不盡的，無數的數不盡的，無數的tireless 不會疲倦的，不知疲倦的，不會疲倦的，不知疲倦的， 不休止的不休

24、止的7. overcome v. 過去式過去式overcame; 過去分過去分詞詞overcome 意為意為“克服（困難等）；克服（困難等）；打敗（敵人等）打?。〝橙说龋薄Ｈ纾?。如：He overcame a bad habit.他克服了一項惡習。他克服了一項惡習。短語：短語：be overcome with/by 被（悲被（悲哀、恐怖等）打倒，哀、恐怖等）打倒， 因為因為面崩潰面崩潰/垮掉。如：垮掉。如：She was overcome with/by grief. 她因為悲傷而崩潰了。她因為悲傷而崩潰了。 8. cut off仔細閱讀下列句子，并試著總結仔細閱讀下列句子，并試著總結cut

25、 off的的含義及用法。含義及用法。1) We were cut off in the middle of our phone conversation. cut off意為意為“使電話中斷使電話中斷”2) If you dont pay your gas bill on time, you may be cut off. cut off意為意為“切斷，停掉切斷，停掉”3) They were then almost completely cut off from the outside world. cut off意為意為“隔絕，斷絕隔絕，斷絕” 。聯(lián)想聯(lián)想 cut in 插進來說，插嘴，夾

26、塞，干預插進來說，插嘴，夾塞，干預 cut down 壓縮，削減（數量、開支壓縮，削減（數量、開支 等），砍倒等），砍倒用含用含cut的短語填空。的短語填空。1. The floods _ us _ from our homes.2. Julia had been completely _ by all her family and friends.cutoffcut off9. pick out a. (從同類當中從同類當中) 選出選出；選擇；選擇 如：如： She picked out a pink dress for her daughter. 她給女兒挑了粉紅色的衣服。她給女兒挑了粉紅

27、色的衣服。 b. (在許多人當中在許多人當中)看出；辨認出看出；辨認出 如：如： Can you pick out your mother in this crowd? 你能在人群中找到令堂嗎？你能在人群中找到令堂嗎？10. mouthful n. 一口；滿口一口；滿口 如如: He took a mouthful of the bitter medicine and made a face. 他喝了一口苦藥，做了個鬼臉。他喝了一口苦藥，做了個鬼臉。 I felt so full that I couldnt eat another mouthful. 我太飽了，我太飽了， 一口也吃不下了。一

28、口也吃不下了。 短語：短語：at a mouthful 一大口一大口類似的如：類似的如： handful 一撮，一把一撮，一把 a handful of sand 一把沙子一把沙子 cupful 一滿杯一滿杯 two cupfuls of milk 兩杯牛奶兩杯牛奶 spoonful 一匙；滿匙一匙；滿匙 two spoonfuls of sugar 兩匙糖兩匙糖用所給單詞或短語的適當形式填空。用所給單詞或短語的適當形式填空。1. Judging from his expression, he was _ (content) with his work.2. The car rushed at

29、 an _ (astonish) speed.3. We took pity on the _ (home) girl and took her into our house.4. My clothes are _ (wear out) and I have to mend them.contentastonishinghomelessworn out5. There is no difficulty in the world that cannot be _ (overcome).6. The play was _ (direct) by a very famous director.7.

30、When he read the book a second time, he found it _ (entertain).overcomedirectedentertainingYou are going to listen to a funny story about jam. Before you listen, look at the exercises below. Try and predict the story. Tell your partner what you think will happen.Listen to Part 1 and write down the m

31、ain idea.Mary made some jam but left some on the kitchen table for a few days as she had to go to look after her sick mother. Some days later, John, knowing nothing about the jam, came home and threw it into the chicken yard.Listen to Part 1 again and answer these questions.1. What was Mary going to

32、 do with the cooked plums in the pan? She was going to put them in the fridge later when they had cooled down. 2. What did John think Mary should have done with the mess in the pan? He thought she should have thrown it out for the chickens to eat.Fill in the blanks. “You _ my jam,” she shouted.“Oh,

33、_ what it was,” he said. “Im _ but I thought it was _ which had gone bad in the hot weather. The chickens have _ the jam, but its made them _.”threw awaythatssorryporridgeenjoyeddrunkTHE STORY OF THE DRUNKEN CHICKENSPart 1. Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums.They would make lovely jam. Wh

34、en she had finished the cooking. She filled all her empty jam jars and left the rest of the jam in the pan. She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler. But just then the telephone rang, her mother was in hospital after a car accident. Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.Part 2. Wh

35、en Mary returned, she noticcd the chickensbehaving strangely. They were running round the yard as if they were sick. She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer. When she saw a plum stone she went into the kitchen. Her husband was reading a newspaper at the table. Angrily Mary rusher up

36、to him.“ You threw away my jam,” she shouted. “Oh, thats what it was.” he said. “Im sorry but I thought it was porridge which had gone bad in the hot weather. “Good heavens!”said Mary. “That must be the jam I left in the pan, but why didnt you throw it in the dustbin?” John laughed. “It was a mistak

37、e. However, the chickens have enjoyed the jam, except that it has made them drunk. What are we going to do with these drunken chickens?”三月，行軍三月，行軍 1. What day of the week is the best for having fried foods?3. What is the smallest room in the world? 2. What month do soldiers hate? 1. Policeman: You c

38、ant park here. Driver: Why cant I? Policeman: Read the sigh there. Driver: It says, “Fine for Parking,” so I parked.Enjoy some verbal jokes:罰款罰款2. Girl: If we marry, will you give me a ring? Boy: Of course. Whats your telephone number?3. Daughter: Auntie kissed me this morning, Mum! Mum: How nice! D

39、id you kiss her back, dear? Daughter: Of course not. I kissed her face.Patient: Doctor. Ive lost my memory.Doctor: When did this happen?Patient: When did what happen?Anisha: Thank you doctor. My fever is gone. Doctor: Dont thank me. Thank god.Anisha: Then Ill pay the fees to god. Little Johnny feels

40、 sorry for teacher A new teacher was trying to make use of her psychology(哲學哲學) courses. She started up her class by saying “Everyone who thinks youre stupid, stand up!” After a few seconds, Little Johnny stood up. The teacher said, “Do you think youre stupid, Little Johnny?” “No, maam, but I hate t

41、o see you standing there all by yourself!play on wordstongue twister饒口令饒口令jokesPun雙關雙關Riddle謎語謎語 limerick1. How did Watson answer Holmes question?-I think of how short life is and how long the universe lasted.-I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.-I think of how cold the universe is and

42、 how warm people can be in their beds.2. What happened actually? Someone has stolen their tent.After reading the funny story, what kinds of persons do you think they are?Sherlock Holmes: Doctor Watson: carefulcareless主動形式主動形式被動形式被動形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehav

43、ing been having been donedoneTranslate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 對他說話等于對牛彈琴。對他說話等于對牛彈琴。吸煙會致癌。吸煙會致癌。-ing形式作主語和賓語的用法形式作主語和賓語的用法3. Walking is my sole exercise. 4. Talking mends no holes. 5. I suggest bringing the meeting t

44、o an end. 散步是我唯一的運動。散步是我唯一的運動。（諺）空談無濟于事。（諺）空談無濟于事。我建議結束會議。我建議結束會議。6. He admitted taking the money. 7. I couldnt help laughing.8. Your coat needs brushing. 他承認錢是他拿的。他承認錢是他拿的。 我禁不住笑了起來。我禁不住笑了起來。你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。一一. 作主語作主語 動名詞作主語時，句子有三種形式：動名詞作主語時，句子有三種形式：動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。1) 捉弄別人是我們萬萬不

45、能干的捉弄別人是我們萬萬不能干的. _ is something we should never do2) 學習新單詞對我來說非常重要。學習新單詞對我來說非常重要。 _ is very important for mePlaying tricks on othersLearning new words用形式主語用形式主語it，把真正的主語，把真正的主語動動名詞結構移置句尾。但這種句子形式名詞結構移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數名詞，如形容詞或少數名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等

46、。如：等。如：1) Its worth making the effort 這事值得去做。這事值得去做。 2) 和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。 _ with Shylock3) 想再解釋一次有好處嗎想再解釋一次有好處嗎? _4) 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 _It is useless trying to argueIs it any good trying to explain?It is pleasant working with you 在在there be結構中作主語，這種結結構中作主語，這種結構的意思相當于構的意思相當于“It

47、is impossible to do ” 如：如：1) 無法知道他什么時候離開。無法知道他什么時候離開。 There was _ when he would leave.no knowing常用常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：形式作主語的句型有：It +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪費時間的是浪費時間的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是沒用處的是沒用處的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做做不值得不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的The

48、re is no sense in doing 做做沒有道理沒有道理There is/was no use doing 干干無意義無意義 There is/was nothing worse than doing 沒有比沒有比更糟的更糟的There is/was no point doing 干干無意義無意義二二. 動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。語。 只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞, 常見的常見的

49、有有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。如：等。如：常跟動詞常跟動詞ing作賓語的動詞歌訣作賓語的動詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想，承認推遲沒得想，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成停能賞，否認完成停能賞，不禁介意準逃亡，不禁介意準逃亡，不準冒險憑想象。不準冒險憑想象。consider, suggest / advise, look forwar

50、d to, excuse, pardon admit, delay / put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate cant help, mind, allow/ permit, escape forbid, risk, imagine 1) 我不能不去。我不能不去。 I cant avoid going2) 你是否考慮過找一位摯友你是否考慮過找一位摯友? Have you considered _ one special friend? 3) 我們必須設法

51、避免犯同樣的錯誤。我們必須設法避免犯同樣的錯誤。 We must try to _ the same mistakelooking foravoid repeating4) 晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎? Do you _ with me after supper? 5)人們忍不住嘲笑那個愚蠢的人。人們忍不住嘲笑那個愚蠢的人。 People _ foolish man feel like having a walkcouldnt help laughing at that既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：動詞，常見的有：begi

52、n, start, continue, like, love, prefer, mean, forget, remember, hate等。等。 A. 在在like, love, hate, prefer等動詞之后，等動詞之后，用用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側重點有些不同，動名詞表示泛只是側重點有些不同，動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。動作。B. 在在begin/start, continue之后，用動之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當主語是人的時候。其是當主語

53、是人的時候。C. 在動詞在動詞forget，remember，regret之之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動作，如：定式表示后于謂語動作，如：I remember posting the letter 我記得我已把信寄了。我記得我已把信寄了。2) Ill remember to post the letter 我會記著去寄信的。我會記著去寄信的。3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer _我永遠不會忘記見到過那位著名我永遠不會忘記見

54、到過那位著名作家。作家。 4) Dont forget to write to your mother _5) 我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。 _6) 我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。 _不要忘了給你母親寫信。不要忘了給你母親寫信。I regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your adviceD. 在在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，之后，意義各不相同，如如try to do (設法設法)，try doing (試試試試)，mean to do (打算，有意要做打

55、算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味著意思是，意味著)。如：。如： 1) 我們必須設法及時把一切搞好。我們必須設法及時把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time.2) 我們用別的方法做這工作試試。我們用別的方法做這工作試試。 Lets try doing the working in some other way.3) I didnt mean to make you angry. _4) Your plan would mean spending hours. _我并不想叫你生氣。我并不想叫你生氣。你的計劃意味著要花費幾

56、個小時。你的計劃意味著要花費幾個小時。 E. go on doing 和和 go on to do go on doing 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；go on to do 接著做另一件事。如：接著做另一件事。如：1) 請接著做這同一個練習。請接著做這同一個練習。 _ the same exercise2) 請做另外一個練習。請做另外一個練習。 _ the other exercisePlease go on doingPlease go on to doF. stop doing與與stop to do: stop doing 停停止做，止做，stop to do停下正在干的事

57、去干停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：另一件事。如：1) 我們停止了交談。我們停止了交談。_2) 我們停了下來去談話。我們停了下來去談話。_We stopped talkingWe stopped to talk一、一、-ing形式作定語形式作定語1. 單個動詞的單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如：的動作或狀態(tài)。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料-ing形式作

58、定語形式作定語, 賓語補足語和表語的用法賓語補足語和表語的用法drinking water = water for drinking 飲用水飲用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room = a room for reading 閱覽室閱覽室a writing desk = a desk for writing 寫字臺寫字臺 tiring music = music that is tiring 煩人的音樂煩人的音樂 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一個驚

59、人的結果一個驚人的結果2. -ing形式短語作定語時形式短語作定語時, 放在所修飾的放在所修飾的名詞之后名詞之后, 并且在意思上相當于一個定并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。如：語從句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他們住在一間面朝街的房子。他們住在一間面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站

60、在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都會被在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都會被罰款。罰款。3. -ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，相當于一個非限制性定語從句，這時，相當于一個非限制性定語從句，這時，它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如：它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如： His brother, working as a t