名詞性從句PPT課件

1、grammarnoun clauses名詞性從句名詞性從句by aki huang1.概念概念 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等詞賓語等, 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。表語從句和同位語從句。who will win the match is still un

2、known. i want to know what he has told you. the fact is that we have lost the game. the news that we won the game is exciting. 主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句如何判斷從句類型 主語從句主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語在復(fù)合句中作主語, 它可以位它可以位于句首于句首, 但常見的主語從句多放在句末但常見的主語從句多放在句末,句首則用形式主語句首則用形式主語it。用用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) it is名詞從句名詞從句 it

3、is a fact that 事實是事實是 it is an honor that 非常榮幸非常榮幸 it is common knowledge that是常識是常識(2) it is形容詞從句形容詞從句 (多用多用 should) it is natural that 很自然很自然 it is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3) it 不及物動詞從句不及物動詞從句 it seems that 似乎似乎 it happened that 碰巧碰巧 it appears that 似乎似乎(4) it is 過去分詞從句過去分詞從句 it is reported that 據(jù)報道

4、據(jù)報道 it has been proved that 已證實已證實 it is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說 it is certain that he will come.it is said that some american friends will visit our school next week.it happened that we were out for a walk yesterday evening.it doesnt matter whether i stay or not.賓語從句賓語從句 1）經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在及物動詞，介詞和某些形容詞的后面。that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟

5、在下列形容詞后作賓語：引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。等。也可以將此類詞后的也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。從句的看作原因狀語從句。 i am not sure what i ought to do. im afraid

6、 you dont understand what i said. im surprised that i didnt see all that before. mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.2） 在接復(fù)合賓語的句子中在接復(fù)合賓語的句子中, 為了保持為了保持句子平衡句子平衡, 用用it 作形式賓語作形式賓語,將從句放于將從句放于句尾句尾, 常接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有常接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think. i think it necessary that we

7、 take plenty of hot water every day. i feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.表語從句表語從句出現(xiàn)在系動詞的后面。 be, look, remain, seem。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語主語連系動詞表語從句從句”。the problem is who we can get to replace her. 同位語從句同位語從句出現(xiàn)在抽象名詞，如fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等 之后。t

8、he kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.he got the news from mary that the sports meeting was put off.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。只起連接主句與從

9、句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：1) the news that he told me is that tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一（第一個個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作

10、賓語）在從句中作賓語）2)the news that tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，（同位語從句，that在句中不作在句中不作任何成分）任何成分）從句從屬連詞連接代詞連接副詞主語賓語表語同位語that，whetherwhat，who，whom，which，whose，whateverwhen, where,how, why,wheneverthat, if,whetherwhat, who, whom,whose, which, whoeverwhen, where,how, wh

11、y,whereverwhen, where,how, why,howeverwhen, where,how, why,howeverthat，whetherthat, asif,because,whetherwhat, who, whom,whose, which, whicheverwhat, who, whom,whose, which, whicheverthat的用法 在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思。也沒有任何具體意思。 引導(dǎo)的句子相當(dāng)于一個陳述句。引導(dǎo)的句子相當(dāng)于一個陳述句。 只起到連接的作用。只起到連接的作用。主語主語一般不省略一般不省略賓語賓語

12、做及物動詞賓語做及物動詞賓語可以省略可以省略做介詞賓語做介詞賓語不可以省略不可以省略表語表語一般不省略一般不省略同位語同位語一般不省略一般不省略that the earth is round is true. = it is true that the earth is round .he said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.he differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.my decision is that all of us

13、 are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.where did you get the idea that i could not come.whether & if 翻譯成翻譯成“是否是否”,具有一定的意義具有一定的意義,所以所以不能省略不能省略. 引導(dǎo)的句子相當(dāng)于一個一般疑問句。引導(dǎo)的句子相當(dāng)于一個一般疑問句。注意注意: 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用不能用if 表示表示 “是否是否”的情況如下：的情況如下： a) 在表語從句和同位語從句中。如：在表語從句和同位語從句中。如： the question is whether t

14、he film is worth seeing. the news whether our team has won the match is unknown.b) 在主語從句中，只有用在主語從句中，只有用it 作形式主語時作形式主語時, whether和和if 都能引導(dǎo)主語從句都能引導(dǎo)主語從句, 否則否則, 也只也只能用能用whether。如如: whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. it hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.c

15、) 在介詞之后。在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略介詞往往可以省略) 如如: it all depends (on) whether they will support us.d) 后面直接跟動詞不定式時。如：后面直接跟動詞不定式時。如： he doesnt know whether to stay or not.e) 后面緊接后面緊接or not 時。如：時。如： we didnt know whether or not she was ready. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用 whether或或if, 不能用不能用that的情況如下：的情況如下： 若若doubt一詞作一詞作“懷疑懷疑”解接賓語從

16、句解接賓語從句時，主句為肯定句用時，主句為肯定句用whether或或if，主句主句為否定句或疑問句用為否定句或疑問句用that。如：如： i doubt whether he will come soon. i do not doubt that he will come soon.do you doubt that he will come soon注意注意: 下面這個例句中下面這個例句中doubt的含義為的含義為“認(rèn)認(rèn)為為未必可能未必可能”。 i doubt that he will come. because “因為”。 eg. i think it is because you are

17、 doing too much. as if “仿佛，好像” eg. it looked as if it was going to rain. it looks as if you are right.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣what & whatever的用法 what在從句中表示“什么”；whatever表示“無論什么”。兩者指物。 在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語，表語和賓語。 引導(dǎo)的句子相當(dāng)于一個特殊疑問句，但是語序是陳述句的語序。1.tom is no longer what he used to be.3. whatever we do must be in the interests of

18、 the people.2. what seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.who，whom，whoever & whomever who和whom表示“誰”；whoever和whomever表示“無論誰”。指人。 who和whoever在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語，表語和賓語的成分。whom和whomever在句子中充當(dāng)賓語和表語的成分。p.s. 介詞后面只能用whom和whomever。1.whoever leaves the room last should close the door.2.please tell me

19、 who/whom we have to see.3.do you know to whom jack was speaking?4. they should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they might choose.which & whichever which表示“哪一個”；whichever表示“無論哪一個”。 一般在句子中充當(dāng)定語成分。eg. ill ask him which one he likes whichever you like will be given to you.all the books are

20、here. you may borrow whichever (book) you like. whose whose表示“誰的”。 在句子中充當(dāng)定語的成分，其后一定會加名詞。eg.the important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.when & whenever when表示“什么時候”；whenever表示“無論什么時候”。指時間。 在句子當(dāng)中充當(dāng)時間狀語的成分。eg.i have no idea when he will return. when well start is not clear. = it is not clear when well start.whenever you comes will be welcome.where & wherever where表示“哪里”；whenever表示“無論哪里”。 在句子當(dāng)中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語的成分。wherever you are is my home - my only ho