(完整版)英語語法---限定詞

1、i限定詞(determiner)主要術(shù)語specific reference特指definite/indefinite/zero article定/不定/零冠詞indefinite determiner不定限定詞gen eric refere nee類扌旨/泛扌旨possessive determ iner物主限定詞cardinal numeral基數(shù)詞definite quantity確定數(shù)量genitive noun名詞屬格ordinal numeral序數(shù)詞indefinite quantity非確定數(shù)量dem on strative determ iner指 示限定 詞(this, t

2、hat,these, those, such)multiplicative numeral倍數(shù)詞fractional numeral分?jǐn)?shù)詞referential meaning所指意義relative determiner關(guān)系限定詞(whose, which)quantifier量詞(a lot of/plenty of, agreat/good deal of, a large/small amount/qua ntity of, a great/good nu mber of)interrogative determiner疑 問 限 定 詞(what,which, whose)限定詞與三

3、類名詞（單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)）的搭配關(guān)系只能與 其中一 類名詞 搭配的 限定詞只能與單數(shù)搭 配的限定詞a/an, one ,another, each/every, either/neither, many a /such a等。It should be compulsory read ing for every adult.Neither accusation is true.(兩項(xiàng)指控都不能成立)只能與復(fù)數(shù)搭 配的限定詞Both, two/three, another two/ three , many, (a) few, several, these/those, a (great)num

4、ber of等。E.g. In another two weeks, it will be finished.只能與不可數(shù) 搭配的限定詞a (little) bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much, less, (the)least等。There is little doubt that he and his accomplices are guilty.The Square was the scene of much fighting in last years revolution.I can speak a

5、 bit of French and understand more.(理解比口語好一些)能與其 中二類 名詞搭 配的限 定詞能與單、復(fù)數(shù) 搭配的限定詞the first/second/last/next等。My first react ion was to hit him, but he was old, and my sec ond was to resig n. Then ext thing he heard was an in siste nt kn ock ing on the door of his room. The lastthree shipme nts of gra in

6、for West Africa have nt yet arrived.(運(yùn)往西非 的三船谷物尚未達(dá)到)能與單數(shù)、不 可數(shù)搭配的限 定詞this/that等。My family have lived in that village for many generations.Whoever had come up with this idea deserved a medal.I hope to enjoy that feeli ng aga in before long.能與復(fù)數(shù)、不 可數(shù)搭配的限 定詞A lot of/lots of/ple nty of, eno ugh, more/mos

7、t, such, other等。Like all such stories, that is largely a myth.(像所有這類故事一樣，那個(gè)故事 在很大程度上也是虛構(gòu)的)Such optimism had become strangely out of place.(此種樂觀態(tài)度已變得非常 不合時(shí)宜)能與三 類名詞 搭配的 限定詞能與三類名詞搭配的限定詞the, some/any, no/the other, whose,物主限定詞，名詞屬格等。No stude nt is to leave the classroom.No words can express my grief.Wh

8、ose side are you on?He is a writer whose humor is not without substance(他的幽默很有實(shí)質(zhì)意義).2辨析(1) many/much(兩者均可用于肯疋句、否疋句或疑冋句；并可帶有how/too/so/as.as等修飾語，多用于肯疋句),a lot of/lots of/ple nty of(常用于肯疋句)，a good(/great) many/a large amount of.Much in formatio n is now tran smitted through e-mail.There is much coal i

9、n the mine.You can take as many copies as you n eed.They can spe nd as much money as they n eed on the project.(2) (a) few/(a) little,注意quite a few/ a good few/ not a few表示 相當(dāng)多 的含義 。Quite a few of us are getting worried. / Youll have to wait a good few weeks.(3) all/none, both/every/ each, either/ne

10、ither, anyall/both (of) the boysevery/each/either/ neither/a ny boyevery one of the boyseach/either/ neither/a ny (one) of the boysboth his pare nts/both of them are fine.Either of them is in dorm. / either day is OK.n either stude nt/n either (one) of the (two) stude nts fini shes the task.no one只能

11、指人，none of既能只人有可指物，但兩者均為二個(gè)以上。every包含至少三個(gè)人或物，側(cè)重全體，each包含至少二個(gè)人或物，側(cè)重個(gè)體。Each/every side of the square was crowded with people.any包含至少三個(gè)人或物，才可用任何一個(gè)；either只包含兩個(gè)，才可用任何一個(gè)。限定詞的先后順序：前位-中位-后位（一個(gè)名詞中心詞之前不可并用兩個(gè)前位 限定詞或兩個(gè)中位限定詞）前位限定詞predeterm inerall, half, both, double,倍數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)詞，what, such a/an等。中位限定詞cen tral determ

12、inerthe/a/a n/zero, this/that, these/those, some/a ny, no, every/each, either/ neither, eno ugh,what(ever)/which(ever)/whose,物主限定詞，名詞屬格等。后位限定詞postdeterm iner基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，n ext/last, other/a no ther, many/much(a lot of, ple nty of, a greatnumber of, a great(/good) many, a great deal of, a large amount of,

13、 a great quantity of),(a)few/(a)little, several, such等。Examplesall the four teachers all my other pare ntsall these last few dayshalf his lecturethose last few mon thsall other stude ntsboth these theoriessome such alloythe other three girlshis last two books, the first two chapters , three other gi

14、rls , two more sheets , the next fewweeks, many more copies, a few more samples, another twenty tons等。 例外情況：Davids/his every actio n shows that he is a very determ ined young man.The en emys/their every moveme nt was being closely watched by the PLA men. A lot ofthese houses round here have glass in

15、 the front door.冠詞的表意功能定冠詞（常用于正式語體）、不定冠詞或零冠詞都具有類指功能。另外，the+adj也表類指。Galileo claimed that he ad inven ted the telescope.3gen eric reference類指/泛指The horse had been replaced by the railroad, the windship( 帆船)and the steamship. An ox is auseful animal.My brother is planing to be a lawyer.Doctors are badl

16、y n eeded at the front.Carrots are my favourite vegetable.Cats and tigers belong to the same family of mammals.Electricity is a form of energy.Unity is strength.specific reference特指defi nite specific reference確定特指(非常明確地指出何人或何物)(1)anaphoric specific reference前照應(yīng)特指(2)cataphoric specific reference后照應(yīng)特指

17、(3)situational reference語境特指定冠詞常有此種功能。We own a dog and a cat. The dog is brow n. And the catis white.The dog and the cat are the same on eswe had lastyears.語境特指：Shut the door, please.Hows the cough today?He turned on the radio.Joh n was elected chairma n of the stude nts union.indefinite specific re

18、ference非確定特指（特指具體對象，但 不確定）不定冠詞和零冠詞常有此種功能。I met an old man in the street.（雖未道出姓名但所 指仍為某一特定的老人）I have lost a butto n.（指失落一顆特定的紐扣，但未 說出何種紐扣）Theres a letter for you.（指一圭寸特疋的信件，但不明確是誰寫來的）A book i want has bee n acqua in ted by the library.（指我所要的那本特定的書，但未道出什么書）The streets are clea n and are shaded withtre

19、es.She put carrots in the stew.冠詞在各類名詞之前的用法(參見P76)(1) The ten of them have passed the final exam in atio n.Ten of them have passed the final exam in ati on.Ten of the (these/his) stude nts have passed the final exam in ati on.(2) They asked to stop counting presidential votes for a second time.(3) E

20、very boy and every girl_ (have) his merits.Every young man, young lady,a nd child_ (be) requested to take part.Many a person_ (be) going to the take the test.(4) Other or anotherCalifor nia covers a large area tha n_state except Alaska and Texas.Out of the three foreig n guests, one is from Fran kfurt,_two are from Vienna.Dont lose heart. Have_ try.Theres room for_people in the back of the bus.Nati onal Day is coming. Well have_ five-day holiday.冠詞的用法Who is_ capta in of your team?Mr. Reagan was elected_Preside nt of the Un ited